Problems and Solutions of Protecting Rights and Interests of Land-expropriated farmers during Urbanization--A Case Study of Henan Province

This paper discusses existing problems in protecting rights and interests of land-expropriated farmers' during urbanization,such as those farmers' failure to obtain benefits from land increment,difficult employment and imperfect social security system.Reasons for losses of farmers' rights and interests mainly include defects in land management and expropriation system,and uncoordinated development of urbanization and industrialization.However,the basic reason is urban and rural dual economic structure.On the basis of these situations,it puts forward solutions to protecting rights and interests of land-expropriated farmers:let land-expropriated farmers share land-increment benefits from land marketization;establish effective employment security system and perfect social security system,to make land-expropriated farmers share supply of public goods equal between rural and urban areas,and realize the inclusive growth balancing urban and rural areas.

Correlation between Employment Quality and Skill Training of Land-expropriated Farmers

Based on field survey,an empirical analysis was made on the correlation between employment quality and skill training of landexpropriated farmers. The analysis indicated that there are differences in employment opportunity,employment sector,employment ability,wage income and employment stability between land-expropriated farmers. Besides,though skill training,it is feasible to effectively improve employment quality of land-expropriated farmers. The skill training exerts a significant effect on employment and urban adaptation of land-expropriated farmers. The mode of skill training promoting employment quality was proposed. Skill training can raise human resource level of land-expropriated farmers,and increase their labor and employment skills,to help them realize regular employment and smoothly become citizens. For fund sources for skill training,government and land expropriation unit should bring into play active role. And skill training should be undertaken under the guidance of government and support of land expropriation unit.

The Group Differentiation of Farmers Whose Land is Expropriated and Community Integration

This paper introduces the status of group differentiation of farmers whose land is expropriated and analyses the forcing of urban community factor and social workers' intervention on community integration of farmers whose land is expropriated.Since individual characteristics factors,external factors,social support and internal factors are different,the understandings of current farmer group whose land is expropriated on social work have great disparity.The obstacles existing in urbanization of farmers whose land is expropriated are concluded as follows.In terms of group constitution,there is a shortage of development-oriented of farmer groups whose land is expropriated,but impoverished groups overabound;in terms of cities,it lacks direct platforms and institutions that provide services for farmers whose land is expropriated.In terms of social work,the degree of social workers intervening in community integration of farmers whose land is expropriated is insufficient.From three aspects:the intervention of social work in integration of different types of communities of farmers whose land is expropriated,social work intervention at level of social policy,and social worker team carrying out the plan of helping others,this paper proposes path selection of intervention of social work in community integration of farmers whose land is expropriated.

Land Expropriation and Constitutional Protection of Farmers' Rights

One of the reasons for many social tragedies resulted from land expropriation in China is failure of the constitution to bring into play its due functions in standardizing land expropriation power of the government and protecting farmers' rights.In the existing land expropriation system,government is not only a policy maker of land expropriation,but also a "referee" of dispute over land expropriation.Government' land expropriation power and land-expropriated farmers' rights become out of balance.As a result,some local governments do not attach importance to farmers' rights,making land-expropriated farmers dissatisfied and consequently leading to some social tragedies unfavorable for harmony and stability.To fundamentally settle disputes over land expropriation and realize win-win of farmers' right and state interest,it should bring into full play functions of the constitution through protecting farmers' right to participate in land expropriation and establishing constitution evaluation mechanism.

The Plights and Solutions of the Farmers' Land Rights Protection

The current plights of farmers' land rights in China are analyzed.They cover the vain installation of the security of farmers' land rights,vain position of the dominant role played by rural collective land,incomplete functions of rural collective land and the inadequate material assistance of farmers.The solutions for ensuring the security of farmers' land rights are put forward,in the first place,perfecting the legislation of guaranteeing farmers' land rights.In the second place,scientifically installing the rural land rights,which covers the following aspects,such as,clearly defining that the collective ownership of rural land belongs to farmers in law;clearly defining the main body of rural land property and eliminating the shortage of property rights;demarcating the range of public interests and clearly stipulating the reasonable compensation of main body of land expropriation.In the third place,villagers' autonomy should be perfected.In the forth place,standardizing the system of land expropriation,which includes the two aspects of normalizing the land transference procedure and the control of collecting land tax,and establishing fair compensation standard and normalizing land compensation procedure.In the fifth place,strengthening land transference and judiciary,and enforcing supervision;in the sixth place,accelerating the development of peasants' cooperative economic organizations and cultivating peasants' rights keeping organization.Through the discussion on the plights and solutions of farmers' land rights protection,the coordination of rural and urban development will be realized and a harmonious society will be built.

邢台市被征地农民社会保障开展现状和对策

随着邢台市主城区的持续扩张,政府对集体农用地的收储和征用行为日益频繁,导致大量农民的土地被征用。这一过程中,被征地农民的社会保障问题日益凸显。文章旨在探讨邢台市被征地农民社会保障的现状,并分析当前制度中存在的问题。通过对现有社会保障体系的深入研究提出了一系列改进对策,以期为被征地农民提供更为稳定和全面的社会保障,这有助于完善邢台市的社会保障体系,也为其他地区提供了可借鉴的经验。

森的可行能力理论框架下土地征收对农民福利的影响测度

基于森的可行能力理论框架,构建了组成被征地农民福利的功能性活动及其指标体系,对土地征收导致农民福利变化的程度进行了实证测度。以湖北省为例的研究结果显示除农民的居住条件得到改善外,农民家庭经济状况、社会保障状况、环境条件、社区生活、农民心理状况等都比征地前恶化。建议国家采取复合补偿方式,并对不同群体有针对性补偿。

不同发展水平地区农民被征地意愿及影响因素——基于南京市、鹰潭市的实证研究

在征地制度改革中,农民作为重要的利益相关者,他们对征地制度的满意与否是评价征地制度是否完善的重要参考依据,但在实际征地过程中,被征地农民的意愿常常被忽视,导致农民对征地制度的不满。本文通过对经济发展水平不同的南京市、鹰潭市两地问卷调查得到相关数据,并作描述性统计分析,在此基础上,采用Logistic回归模型对农户被征地意愿及其影响因素进行实证分析。研究结果表明:受教育程度、是否具有非农就业技能、非农收入比重、被征地在养老保障中的作用、地区变量等都具有显著的正向影响作用。而年龄、老人及儿童在家庭中的比重、土地所有权归谁所有和征地权由谁决定等因素都具有明显的负向影响作用。农户在征地过程中是否具有谈判权则没有明显的影响作用。基于上述结论,本文提出了征地改革仍需努力提高征地补偿标准、多渠道完善社会保障机制、增强征地后农户可持续生计能力、帮助农民积极融入市民生活、考虑到农民的土地产权认知等政策建议。

失地农民社会保障的制度建构

在城市化进程中,农村集体土地大量被征用,因此亟待为失地农民建立安全有效的社会保障制度。各地正在进行的有关失地农民社会保障的实践探索中存在诸多问题,应当引起各方的高度重视;同时也应在制度先行、因地制宜、公平和效率有机统一以及与现行社会保障制度相衔接等原则的指引下,加快推进失地农民的社会保障的改革。鉴于我国实情,应当首先为失地农民建立社会养老保障和医疗保障制度,其他社会保障措施也应及时、逐步建立。

城乡交错区被征地农户的福利变迁研究

基于森(A.Sen)的可行能力福利思想和塞斯(S.Seth)的广义均值双参数构造理论,在以农户家庭经济状况、社会保障、居住状况和社会心理四个子维度作为综合评价的基础上,构建了一种测度农户福利的新模型,该模型既具有全维度的分布敏感性,同时还具有维度交联敏感性。根据对武汉三里镇的实地调查,运用新模型对城乡交错区域农户失地前后的福利水平和分布进行了实测和对比分析。研究表明:①构造具有交联敏感性的多维福利测度模型的必要条件是必须按照先进行维间集合后进行维内集合的次序构造,任何满足路径独立的多维福利测度模型均不具有交联敏感性;②失地冲击对农户福利的影响具有多重性,福利分布的不均衡对农户福利测度影响显著;③失地变迁后农户整体的综合福利水平下降,从子维度的角度,失地后短期的经济收入福利和居住福利没有降低,下降主要是因社会保障、社会心理等保障长久生计生活的子维度福利降低所致;④失地冲击促进和强化了福利分布的马太效应,农户群体失地后的福利分布更加不均衡。

试论失地农民保障制度的建立

现行征地制度存在补偿标准偏低、补偿安置费分配混乱、失地农民无相应社会保障等问题,使得失地农民失去基本生活保障。建立完善的失地农民社会保障制度是征地制度改革亟待解决的一个关键性问题,应从征地事前、事中、事后三阶段建立全程失地农民保障体系,并分、别从土地产权和征地制度两方面为保障体系建立法律制度支撑,以便有效解决征地制度中存在的问题。

城镇化进程中失地农民征地补偿满意度研究——以成都周边典型区域为例

失地农民征地补偿满意度是反映城镇化过程中失地农民自身利益需求与征地补偿方式之间差异的重要标志。选取成都市龙泉驿区、金堂县以及温江区(分别代表成都丘陵区、山区和平原区3个典型地貌特征)作为调查对象,以问卷调查、农户访谈等形式,深入了解了失地农民的征地补偿满意情况。并运用序次Logistic回归模型对失地农民征地补偿满意度的影响因素进行分析,研究发现:失地农民征地补偿满意度主要与农户年龄、征地后家庭收入、被征地面积、征地意愿、政府征地工作透明度、征地补偿标准等6个变量相关,其对征地补偿满意度有显著影响。揭示出征地补偿工作中存在的问题,并提出了合理的建议。

城乡结合部失地农民身份认同:社会空间视角

从社会空间的视角看,空间的变动之于失地农民的身份认同有着剧烈的冲击。笔者以西安4个代表性的城乡结合部为个案,透视城市化进程中失地农民的空间感知与身份认同的关系,发现失地农民身份认同危机主要是城乡结合部物理生存空间、社会交往空间和经济生产空间失序所导致的。重构失地农民的身份认同,关键在于通过一系列制度的改革,重构失地农民的空间秩序,使其渐次实现有序、理性与和谐发展。

中国城镇化进程中土地征收制度的问题及对策

目前中国正处于城镇化快速发展阶段,城镇化进程在加快农村土地非农化规模与速度的同时,也带来了一系列的社会问题,这些社会问题主要是围绕土地征收行为表现出来的。主要包括征地范围过宽,征地补偿分配不规范,农民得到的补偿少,失地农民的安置方式过于单一,及征地程序不透明等。在分析中国土地征收制度问题的基础上,从征地范围的界定、征收补偿标准的制订、失地农民的安置和征收机制与程序的完善四个方面提出了相应的对策建议。

被征地农民及其社会保障--文献评论与今后公共政策选择

研究目的:通过文献评论为被征地农民及其社会保障提供公共政策选择的方向。研究方法:文献研究法、归纳分析法。研究结果:1978年中国农村土地家庭承包制改革以来,土地的社会保障功能使政府职能有机会从农村社会保障中退出,导致后来的立法和政策设计对农民应得的社会保障等社会权利的救济均附着在土地权利之上。研究结论:当前的问题在于没有区分农民的土地权利和社会权利,农民失地的同时也失去了附着于土地上的社会保障权利,造成农民保障生存安全、享受社会成果的权利与能力的缺失。

浅析我国征地制度中“公共利益”界定与征地范围划分问题

在我国,土地征用权的法律规定主要来自《宪法》、《土地管理法》和《城市房地产管理法》。我国宪法,虽然赋予国家征用土地的权利,却没有为这种权利的行使划定明确的范围、界限、方式和程序;现行法律中关于土地征用权的规定互相矛盾,从而导致土地征用权的滥用,同时还存在对农民的补偿和安置不到位等问题。因此迫切需要完善土地征用制度,明确界定“公共利益”的范围,文章就此问题进行了初探,并提出了完善征地制度的建议。

江苏省农村土地征用与收益分配研究

本文立足江苏省的土地征用和土地收益分配现实 ,指出目前存在“圈地”现象严重、征地补偿过低、失地农民未来生活无保障等问题 ,从政府、制度、城市建设三个层面探讨了问题产生的根源 ,并提出了提高土地补偿标准、建立失地农民保障体系、广开就业门路。

农民在农地城市流转决策中的意愿分析——以武汉市城乡交错区农户为例

文章先从农地农用价值、农地转用价格和农地社会保障功能3个方面分析了农地所有者在面对政府农地城市流转决策时的主观判断,选取了武汉市周边的农户样本进行调查分析,发现该区域内大部分农户在面对农地城市流转决策时大多倾向于保有农地。文章在实证研究基础上,提出培育农地所有者的市场主体地位,鼓励其参与农地城市流转决策是保障农地所有者利益及今后农地城市流转决策应当努力的方向。

论被征地农民社会保障安置的局限与出路

为保障被征地农民的基本生活,在一些地区出现了将社会保障作为被征地农民安置方式的实践。通过对被征地农民社会保障安置的局限性分析发现,土地保障和社会保障不具有内在的一致性,社会保障安置存在着背离权利主体的平等性、转换责任主体、混淆分配层次、保障水平较低等局限性。社会保障作为被征地农民的安置方式在理论上存在着误区,在实践中出现了严重的困境,是对被征地农民社会保障权的伤害。作为再分配手段的社会保障既不能代替安置的功能,也不能被安置的初次分配功能所替代。为更全面地保障被征地农民的权益,应在合理安置的基础上完善社会保障这一"安全网"。

农民被征地的意愿与影响因素:陕西462个样本

利用对陕西省关中地区实地调查所得数据,采用Logistic模型对失地农民被征地意愿及其影响因素进行实证分析。结果显示,失地农民被征地意愿受到诸多因素的共同作用和影响,不仅包括家庭政治面貌、家庭非农收入比例等,还包括对土地征收后生活水平的预期、就业机会的预期以及社会治安条件的预期,这些都会对失地农民被征地意愿产生影响。