Public Finance Sources and Road Network Development in a Transition Country--Hungary （1990-2018）

This article reviews the history of the Hungarian public road network in the thirty years that has passed since the change of the political and economic regime up to the present from the aspect of financing. In the context of the neighboring countries that today are also members of the European Union, this writing outlines the growth-public finance course that this country, formerly belonging to the Soviet type planned economy mechanism, followed during the past nearly three decades after breaking away from that system. It provides insight into the specific public finance positions determined by the macroeconomic course since 1990 and the opportunities offered by this course for infrastructural developments. In connection with the above, the article outlines the main characteristic features of the social expectations, the financing solutions that could be linked to the various governmental concepts regarding road matters, focusing primarily on motorway development. It shall touch upon the respective starting points and life cycles of those concepts and the role of the EU supports in the developing of the domestic public road system. In light of expenditures, it is illustrating the development by some servicing indicators.

Theory of Risk in Conventional Public Finance and Islamic Finance

The research objective of the article is to extend the theoretical basis of risk management in the public and Islamic finance. The author hypothesizes that the existing theories of finance, the public choice theory, and the concept of New Public Management create insufficient conditions for risk management in the public finance sector entities and associated international structures of public-private partnership. As shown by the experience of recent years, the theory of financial markets as regards its operators has not yet developed a widely accepted model of risk management. In addition, the public choice theory and the concept of New Public Management do not fully illustrate the essence of risk management in the public sector, especially in capital structures where a private entity （Islamic investor） partners a public one. In Islamic finance, Sharia complaint instruments cannot be based on gharar, which is usually translated as risk, deception, delusion, and excessive uncertainty. The research methods mostly used in the article are analysis and critique of scientific literature with respect to risk of operation of public entities and risk in Islamic finance as well as public-private partnerships. The basic conclusion is that the adopted interpretations of risk in selected theories of conventional finance and the foundations of Islamic economy indicate that joint projects related to infrastructure are feasible.

Exploring Public Finance Management Reform and Building up Model of General State Accounting （GSA）： The Case of Vietnam

There is no doubt that public finance and accounting have been playing a pivotal role in supporting the government＇s aspirations in the development in any countries. Through the receipt of funds from the state budget, the organizations in the public sector use country＇s resources towards the implementation of objectives as well as social policies set by national government. Therefore, most countries will aim to gradually improve the management of public finance, but control of public finance has faced challenges because of the existing limitations As a result, the public finance management needs to be reformed. In Vietnam, this process has been performed in recent years. To enhance the effectiveness of improvement, public finance has to combine with the transformation of public sector accounting. In fact, there are a lot of researches in public sector accounting together with financial management. However, in the world, from the past to present, very little research has been conducted to examine the change in management to the public finance and relationship to public accounting, especially to the model of general accounting. Because of the significance of above matters, the main purposes of this paper are to identify the role of public finance and the process of reforming it and to build up the new model in Vietnam, called as General State Accounting （GSA） which is applied for Vietnamese government in the near future. By using the mixed method for research, the author will analyze the figures of last budget data, administer the described statistics, and collect information about the budget from Vietnamese experts.

The power of the public purse: financing of global health partnerships and acienda setting for sustainability

Public-private partnerships(PPPs) have reshaped the institutional structure of global governance.They have advanced collaboration on core issues such as health, clean energy, the rights of women and children, and access to infrastructure, among others. But which actors create and finance public-private partnerships in global governance to advance such objectives? What are the implications of the agency behind such collaboration for influencing the global agenda on sustainable development? While some scholars and advocacy groups see the growing role of private actors as a powershift away from public institutions, others argue that such arrangements tend to be complementary to public mandates and indeed may provide a new means for international institutions to pursue such mandates. The article probes this debate by analyzing the type of actors that finance global health partnerships, an area in which the influence of hybrid initiatives is particularly prominent. It reveals that public financing remains a core and necessary condition for the emergence and functioning of PPPs. The growing share of private financing,nonetheless, has important implications for shaping partnerships agendas and steering global health and sustainability governance. Rather than a powershift or abdication of responsibilities by the state, there is rather a tendency of deliberate diffusion of power by donors toward hybrid structures.

Investigating Challenges in Financing Contractors for Public Sector Projects in Ghana

Contractors working with the Public sector encounter numerous challenges in financing projects in Ghana. The challenges which have persisted over the years are both financial and managerial. This paper seeks to ascertain the extent to which contractors’ challenges in acquiring funds to execute public sector projects have been solved. The study involved both qualitative and quantitative methods to ascertain the various strategies the contractors go through to obtain public sector projects focusing on the challenges associated with the project execution. The study revealed that delayed payments and inadequate cash flow on the part of government, lack of credit worthiness and inadequate collateral security from contractors are key determinants to challenges associated with financing public sector projects in Ghana. This paper recommends the establishment of a Construction Development Authority (CDA), within the Ministry of Works and Housing to develop financial plans, policies and laws for this important sector of the economy.

Effect of School-Based Income Generating Activities on the Financial Performance of Public Secondary Schools in Kenya

This study was conducted to determine the value added by Income-Generating Activities （IGAs） on the financial performance of public secondary schools, in terms of assets, liability portfolio, and net worth. Secondary school managers have the gigantic task of balancing meager resources between subsistence and development needs as well as good performance in national examinations. However, macro-economic shocks such as inflation, fuel shortage, and crop failure, among others, often militate against the success of public schools. School-based IGAs enable public schools to cope with external economic shocks, without necessarily passing down budgetary adjustments to parents. However, the country lacks a clear policy guideline to facilitate the initiation, management, accounting, reviewing, and financial reporting of IGA projects. Besides, there is no documented information regarding the value added by IGA initiatives to the financial performance of public secondary schools. The study found that IGA and non-IGA schools were significantly different in terms of category, student population, age, annual income, and number of paid workers. Schools having IGAs were 1.9 times more likely to own as many assets as schools not having IGAs. Besides, IGA schools were about 2.2 times less likely to have their liability in excess of the median threshold. Regarding net worth, the study found that schools having IGAs were about 2.1 times more likely to be operating above the median threshold; suggesting that schools having IGAs were wealthier than non-IGA schools. Based on the findings, this study concludes that IGA projects were beneficial to schools by improving the ability of schools to accumulate assets and manage their liabilities. The study recommends the need to： formulate an appropriate policy framework to guide and standardize IGA activities; initiate suitable training programs for school IGA managers; as well as engage business development managers to advice schools on IGA matters.

Financial Management and Control and Internal Audit System in the Public Sector in BiH

The introduction and implementation of finansijsko upravljanje i kontrola(FUK,financial management and control[FMC])in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina(FBiH)aims to incorporate a modern public internal financial control(PIFC)system into traditional public resources management models.This area is one of the reform areas in which Bosnia and Herzegovina(BiH)is obliged to harmonize the legislative framework and practice with the good practices and regulations recommended by the European Commission.The establishment and development of the PIFC are also an obligation of Bosnia and Herzegovina established by the Stabilization and Association Agreement between the European Community and the member states,of the one part,and Bosnia and Herzegovina,of the other part.The public internal financial control(PIFC)system focuses on enhancing transparency,financial discipline,and dedicated use of public resources,that is,transparent,economical,efficient,and effective management of public resources,and control of the use of those resources.The topic of this paper is“financial management and control in the public sector”where the aim is to show,through the conducted theoretical research,the level of achievement of the establishment of this system in public sector institutions in BiH.The European Union wants to direct all potential member countries towards development of internal controls in the use of their own resources,but also to create a control environment that would ensure the dedicated use of EU funds.In Bosnia and Herzegovina,there is no single legal framework in terms of a single law governing public internal financial controls.The contents of the applicable legal provisions at all three levels(BiH,FBiH,and Republic of Srpska[RS])are largely congruent thanks to the Coordination Committee of Central Harmonization Units(CHJs)in Bosnia and Herzegovina,through which the harmonization of regulations and practices in the development of public internal financial controls is ensured.

Financing Public Transport Infrastructures by Means of Value Capture Provided by Its Implementation

A transport infrastructure is not only a trip provision system but a public facility that generates value for companies and for the society through expanding markets or developing cities, creating another perspective for new investments, as well as its own financing. According to this perspective, the financial earnings resulting from the implementation of transport infrastructure can be captured for its own investment. Given the restrictions of society indebtedness, due to social inequalities, scarcity of resources and insufficient fare collection, with the current financial model for public transport infrastructures, the value capture configures as a strategy to be explored to obtain resources. This paper presents the concept of value capture and its connection and relevance with transport infrastructure financing strategies. Applied to the evaluation of the impacts on the surrounding regions of one of the most significant Brazilian transport projects, the improvement and expansion of Belo Horizonte＇s metro, the provided value capture outcomes open more realistic perspectives for greater engagement of the Public Sector in such projects.

Considerations About Municipal Government Finance in the State of the Espirito Santo： 2001/2009

Fiscal decentralization in Brazil has promoted a break in the national collection system and granted greater autonomy to states and municipalities against the federal government with regard to fundraising. The theoretical difference emerged, when one observes the greatest proliferation of local entities from the autonomy granted by the Federal Constitution （FC） from 1988 to the various levels of government, many of which almost totally depend on inter-governmental transfers. There are those who advocate the strengthening of public actions from observing the problems of small units （municipalities） and who will now have greater decision-making freedom. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the public finances of municipalities in the core theoretical （all people born in Espirito Santo） state guided by the Fiscal Responsibility Law （FRL） and fiscal decentralization in the country. For this purpose, they were taken as the time frame 2001 and 2009. Methodologically, this paper used a literature review, as well as data from the National Treasury Secretariat （STN）. In addition, authors took as a tool to help multiple regression models to strengthen the results. The principal evidence shows that, even with a slight improvement in the framework of indicators of revenue, these municipalities have proved essentially dependent on resources from the Union. Additionally, the results show a relative reduction of spending on items, such as staff costs and legislation in one year to another. In parallel, there were greater participation of the variables, costs of health and sanitation, education and culture, among others, to explain the variation of the expenditure of municipalities in Espirito Santo in the years observed. The data fit well to the model with a significance level of 1%.

基于业财融合的公立医院成本精细化管控研究

随着医保支付制度改革的深入,公立医院的发展方向从规模扩张转向提质增效,成本管理也亟需从粗放式管理转向精细化管控。目前,大多数公立医院的成本管控存在效率低、效果差的问题,必须建立健全成本精细化管控制度、成本管控信息系统、预算成本管理系统,优化成本核算方法,针对各项资源消耗情况制定成本精准化管控措施,并开展成本精细化管控评价,推动医院高质量和可持续发展。

数字公共服务和金融服务的有机融合:数字普惠金融发展的一种路径

乡村公共服务数字化转型在当前实践中集中表现为数字公共服务平台对乡村社会生活的嵌入,这一嵌入过程促进了数字公共服务和金融服务的相互关联。数字公共服务平台整合多方数据且基于对乡村居民公共生活进行数字孪生的技术特性,具有削弱信息不对称、普及基础金融服务、降低金融交易成本、增加金融产品可及性与针对性的应用潜力。论文通过梳理乡村数字公共服务平台的典型特征,以此为脉络结合供需视角研究数字化公共服务对农村普惠金融的影响,并探讨农村普惠金融发展对乡村公共服务数字化转型的反哺效应。研究认为,在适当的政策设计下,数字公共服务与金融服务的有机融合,可以成为促进数字普惠金融发展的一种路径。

公众环境关注度促进了绿色金融发展吗?--来自中国284个城市的经验证据

基于2011—2019年中国284个城市的面板数据,实证检验了公众环境关注度对绿色金融发展的影响。研究结果表明,公众环境关注度对绿色金融发展存在显著正向影响,这一结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。传导机制检验表明,公众环境关注度促进政府提高环境规制强度,进而推动绿色金融发展。调节性效应检验表明,地区经济发展水平、地区绿色创新水平能够正向调节公众环境关注度对绿色金融的正向影响。异质性检验表明,在中西部地区、教育水平较高、污染排放量较高、环境信息公开的地区,公众环境关注度对绿色金融的促进作用更加显著。推进绿色金融发展必须激发公众对环境的关注,完善公众参与机制,提升绿色创新水平,制定差异化发展战略。

新文科背景下河北大学财政学专业建设的实践探索与成效

财政学专业应紧密结合国家政策方针进行教育教学建设,河北大学财政学专业自设立以来,始终立足服务经济社会发展实际,不断更新教育教学理念、提升师资队伍水平、优化专业课程体系、创新教育教学方式,在教学团队、学科平台、课程体系、教研成果、人才需求和社会声誉方面都取得了显著成绩,为地方综合性大学财政学专业建设和人才培养模式创新提供了发展范式。

内审视角下公立医院财务优化路径分析

对于公立医院而言,财务审计作为一种内部控制管理手段,能够有效保障医院财产安全,为构建良好医疗环境奠定基础。本文从内审与医院财务管理关联入手,探讨当前内审视角下公立医院财务现状与问题,提出公立医院转变财务管理理念、优化制度机制和管理方式等对策。内审视角下,医院财务管理应着重转变成本核算理念、更新风险防范理念、完善绩效考核制度和开展精细化管理等,进一步提高医院财务管理质量,为医院高质量发展保驾护航。

基于“学习通”平台的《财政学》课程考核改革与实践

在信息技术与教育教学深度融合的政策背景下,选用“学习通”平台对课程数据进行科学的获取、加工、传输、分析和使用,将评价成果与线上线下的教学活动共享互联,有利于教育评价的自动化和智能化,从而达到变革模式和提升质量的目标。本文以《财政学》课程为例,构建基于“学习通”平台的“课前—课中—课后”全过程课程考核体系,以期为建设高效率课程评价做参考。

财政对经济增长影响的历史考察——兼论新质生产力发展中的制度安排

经济增长是社会发展的基础和动力,它映射了人类社会经济形态的演变。在古代、中世纪、文艺复兴与近代早期、工业革命以及现代社会等不同历史阶段,财政对经济增长的促进作用及其演变特征有所不同。历史证据显示,在国家和全球层面,财政资源配置是所有成功经济体发展战略的关键要素,而财政作用的有效发挥依赖于公共与私人界限的逐渐明晰以及相应法律制度的完善。在推动当前我国新质生产力发展的过程中,财政的作用主要通过包容性的制度安排来实现,其为经济增长提供了支持。

新冠疫情冲击、企业数字化转型与企业绩效——基于2007-2021年我国A股上市公司的实证分析

现阶段,大数据、物联网、云计算等数字技术给社会生产生活方式带来了深刻变革。为适应时代发展,我国企业积极尝试数字化转型,为了更好地揭示数字化转型对企业高质量发展的驱动作用,推动企业加快数字化转型步伐,文章通过文本分析法,构建企业数字化转型指标,以2007—2021年我国沪深A股上市公司为样本,实证检验数字化转型对企业绩效的影响。研究发现:企业数字化转型对绩效提升有正向影响,这种正向影响在技术密集型行业中表现更为明显,而降低管理成本、融资成本是数字化转型对企业绩效提升产生正向影响的重要作用机制;此外,新冠疫情冲击强化了数字化转型对企业绩效提升的正向影响。

基于OBE理念的财政与金融课程思政教学实践

深入推进专业课课程思政建设,加快实现立德树人是高校的紧迫任务。以财政与金融课程为例,基于OBE教育理念,针对专业课教师课程思政教学意识和能力不强、教学方法不佳、对学生参与式体验重视不够及考核评价机制不健全等问题,设计优化财政与金融课程思政教学方案,全面系统推进教学方案有效实施,教学取得明显成效,对经济管理类课程思政建设具有很强的借鉴意义。

大型公立医院业财融合管理的实践探索

以山东省临沂市人民医院的业财融合管理实践为例,围绕提升医院经济管理水平,赋能医院高质量发展,从预算刚性约束和内部费用控制系统应用角度进行研究分析,结合医院智慧财务管控的阶段性成果,提出智慧财务管控的创新思想以及优化思路,将“过紧日子”的理念落到实处,为公立医院智慧财务管控建设提供借鉴和参考。