Mixed finite element and differential quadrature method for free and forced vibration and buckling analysis of rectangular plates

This paper presents a combined application of the finite element method （FEM） and the differential quadrature method （DQM） to vibration and buckling problems of rectangular plates. The proposed scheme combines the geometry flexibility of the FEM and the high accuracy and efficiency of the DQM. The accuracy of the present method is demonstrated by comparing the obtained results with those available in the literature. It is shown that highly accurate results can be obtained by using a small number of finite elements and DQM sample points. The proposed method is suitable for the problems considered due to its simplicity and potential for further development.

Prediction of Burst Pressure of a Radial Truck Tire Using Finite Element Analysis

This paper is concerned with the numerical prediction of the burst pressure of a radial truck tire. Even though relatively rare, the tire fracture or failure brings up a big accident. Especially, the tire burst or rupture is a rapid loss of inflation pressure of a truck and bus tire leading to an explosion. The tire burst pressure, under this extreme loading condition, can be predicted by identifying the pressure at which the cord breaking force of the composite materials is attained. Recently, the use of finite element analysis in tire optimal design has become widely popular. In order to determine the burst pressure of a radial truck tire, an axisymmetric finite element model has been developed using a commercial finite element code with rebar element. The numerical result shows that the bead wire among the various layers modeled the rebar element breaks off first in the radial truck tire. The finite element modeling with the rebar element on the bead wire of a radial truck tire is able to well predict the tire burst pressure identifying the pressure at which the breaking force of steel bead wires is reached. The model predictions of tire burst pressure should be correlated with test data, in which case the tire is hydro-tested to destruction. The effect of the design change with the different bead structure on the tire burst pressure is discussed.

Fast Calculation of Electromagnetic Forces in IPMSMs Under PWM VSI Supply Based on Small-Signal Time-Harmonic Finite Element Method

This paper introduces a novel method for fast calculating the electromagnetic forces in interior permanent magnet synchronous machines(IPMSMs)under pulse width modulation(PWM)voltage source inverter(VSI)supply based on the small-signal time-harmonic finite element analysis(THFEA),which has been successfully utilized for fast calculating the PWMinduced losses in silicon steel sheets and permanent magnets.Based on the small-signal THFEA,the functional relationships between high-frequency harmonic voltages(HFHVs)and corresponding airgap flux densities are established,which are used for calculating the flux density spectra caused by each HFHV in the PWM voltage spectra.Then,the superposition principle is applied for calculating the flux density spectra caused by fundamental currents and all HFHVs,which are converted to the electromagnetic force spectra at last.The relative errors between the force density spectra calculated with the proposed method and those obtained from traditional time-stepping finite element analysis(TSFEA)using PWM voltages as input are within 3.1%,while the proposed method is 24 times faster than the traditional TSFEA.

Characteristics of an Axial-flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Contra-rotating Rotors under Unbalanced Load Condition from 3-D Finite Element Analysis

During recent years,the axial-flus PMSM with contra-rotating rotors has become a hot topic in academic research due to its high efficiency and simple structure.However,its back-EMF may be distorted under the condition of different angular positions.This paper investigates characteristics of the novel motor used for contra-propeller driving.Considering the torque ripple and current oscillation under unbalanced load condition,this paper analyzes the distorted back-EMF of the machine when its two rotors get different angular positions during rotating.The analysis results are validated by transient-magnetic 3-D FEA method,which the 3-D FEA software is used to model this motor and transient simulations are carried out to obtain its magnetic characteristic and main performances.A main focus is put on the back-EMF characteristic with different angular positions between the two rotors.Furthermore,the characteristic of torque production under unbalanced load is investigated.Finally,a prototype motor is fabricated to validate the analyses of this paper.

Analysis of Force Transmission by a Knee Loading Device from Skin and Soft Tissue to Knee Joint Elements

Dynamic loading to a knee joint is considered to be an effective modality for enhancing the healing of long bones and cartilage that are subject to ailments like fractures, osteoarthritis, etc. We developed a knee loading device and tested it for force application. The device applies forces on the skin, whereas force transmitted to the knee joint elements is directly responsible for promoting the healing of bone and cartilage. However, it is not well understood how loads on the skin are transmitted to the cartilage, ligaments, and bone. Based on a CAD model of a human knee joint, we conducted a finite element analysis (FEA) for force transmission from the skin and soft tissue to a knee joint. In this study, 3D models of human knee joint elements were assembled in an FEA software package (SIMSOLID). A wide range of forces was applied to the skin with different thickness in order to obtain approximate force values transmitted from the skin to the joint elements. The maximum Von Mises stress and displacement distributions were estimated for different components of the knee joint. The results demonstrate that the high load bearing areas were located on the posterior portion of the cartilage. This prediction can be used to improve the design of the knee loading device.

Prying Force Assessment Using Nonlinear Finite Element Model

Steel connection design using pre-tensioned bolts depends significantly on the value of the Prying forces exerted from the end plate. The Egyptian Code ECP （205） suggested a formula that can determine the Prying force value. In this research, the Prying force is numerically computed in a T-Stub connection using nonlinear finite element techniques. The model uses plane stress four node elements with two degrees of freedom per node to simulate the flange of the T-Stub. The bolts are simulated using a truss element with large deformation capability to allow modeling of the pretension force. Surface to surface gap elements are used in order to simulate the contact between the T-Stub and the supporting element. Parametric study on the end plate thickness, bolt size, bolt arrangement and pretension forces is performed in order to calibrate the Code formula. The parametric study covers all the practical ranges of the variables. The study revealed that the Code formula, inaccurately, determines the Prying force in a certain range. Moreover, a new equation for the prying force is developed using regression analysis on the finite element results.

Finite Element Analysis for Groove Wander Prediction of Passenger Car Tires with the Longitudinal Tread Grooves

A finite element modeling technique is employed in this paper to predict the groove wander of longitudinal tread grooved tires. In generally, groove wander is the lateral force acting on a vehicle’s wheel resulting from the combination of rain grooves. If the lateral force of tire is generated by groove wander, unexpected lateral motion of vehicle will happen and it makes drivers uncomfortable. This paper describes the effect of groove wander according to the shape condition of tire tread groove and highway groove using the finite element analysis based on a static loading or a steady-state rolling assumption. The road groove can be located anywhere relative to the longitudinal tread groove. Therefore, the lateral force of the tire is changing depending on the location of the groove road. The numerical results for groove wander prediction of the longitudinal tread grooved tires are compared with the subjective evaluation. It is found that the waveform for the tire with varying grooved road position has a peak-to-peak lateral force in order to estimate the rating of groove wander. The effect of the road groove width and the pitch length on the peak-to-peak lateral force of tire is discussed. It is found that the prediction of FEA-based groove wander model using finite element analysis will be useful for the reliability design of the tire tread pattern design.

Numerical Analysis of the Adhesive Forces in Nano-Scale Structure

Nanohairs, which can be found on the epidermis of Tokay gecko＇s toes, contribute to the adhesion by means of van der Waals force, capillary force, etc. This structure has inspired many researchers to fabricate the attachable nano-scale structures. However, the efficiency of artificial nano-scale structures is not reliable sufficiently. Moreover, the mechanical parameters related to the nano-hair attachment are not yet revealed qualitatively. The mechanical parameters which have influence on the ability of adhesive nano-hairs were investigated through numerical simulation in which only van der Waals force was considered. For the numerical analysis, finite element method was utilized and van der Waals force, assumed as 12-6 Lennard-Jones potential, was implemented as the body force term in the finite element formulation.

Early Identification and Visualization of Parkinsonian Gaits and their Stages Using Convolution Neural Networks and Finite Element Techniques

Parkinson’s Disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disease which shows a deficiency in dopaminehormone in the brain.It is a common irreversible impairment among elderly people.Identifying this disease in its preliminary stage is important to improve the efficacy of the treatment process.Disordered gait is one of the key indications of early symptoms of PD.Therefore,the present paper introduces a novel approach to identify pa rkinsonian gait using raw vertical spatiotemporal ground reaction force.A convolution neural network(CNN)is implemented to identify the features in the parkinsonian gaits and their progressive stages.Moreover,the var iations of the gait pressures were visually recreated using ANSYS finite element software package.The CNN model has shown a 97%accuracy of recognizing parkinsonian gait and their different stages,and ANSYS model is implemented to visualize the pressure variation of the foot during a bottom-up approach.

Stress Computation of Roadheader Shovel's by using the Finite Element Method

Shovel board is an important component of the roadheader. Shovel board participate in complex and changeable tunneling work, and always under high load. In this paper, research the working condition of shovel board and analyze the shovel board by Inventor, and reach the stress and strain distribution in the shovel board bear the maximum force when working. Have some guiding on improving the shovel board structure design.

Model-based assessment of muscle forces and strain distribution in the femur of Cabot’s Tragopans(Tragopan caboti)

The hindlimbs play a crucial role in bird locomotion,making the biomechanical properties of the musculoskeletal system in these limbs a focal point for researchers studying avian behaviour.However,a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical performance within the long bones of hindlimbs during locomotion remains lacking.In the present study,the strain and deformation of the femur of Cabot’s Tragopans(Tragopan caboti)were estimated.We employed inverse simulation to calculate the force and moment of femoral muscles during mid-stance terrestrial locomotion and conducted finite element analysis to calculate femoral strain.Results showed that during mid-stance,the femur experiences combined deformation primarily characterized by torsion,bending,and compression.It emphasises the importance of considering the influence of varying loads on bone adaptation when investigating bone form-function relationships.Muscles were found to play a significant role in offsetting joint loads on the femur,subsequently reducing the deformation and overall strain on the bone.This reduction enhances femoral safety during locomotion,allowing birds to meet mechanical demands while maintaining a lightweight bone structure.Notably,the M.iliotrochantericus caudalis significantly reduces torsional deformation of the proximal femur,protecting the vulnerable femoral neck from high fracture risk induced by rotation load.Given that the femur torsion during terrestrial locomotion in birds is associated with changes in hindlimb posture due to their adaptation to flight,the characteristics of M.iliotrochantericus caudalis may provide insight into the locomotor evolution of theropods and the origin of avian flight.

BOP shear force evaluation under complex scenarios

As the“throat”of the drilling well control system,ram blowout preventers(BOPs)can effectively prevent blowout accidents.However,the ram shear mechanism under complex working conditions is unclear,and it is difficult to evaluate the ram BOP shear force,leading to frequent shear failure accidents in oilfields.Aiming at the above problems,this paper takes the double-V ram BOP as the research object,and integrates the methods of theoretical analysis,simulation modeling,and test verification to analyze the shear force in the pipe shear process under both static and moving conditions.A ram BOP shear force evaluation method is proposed based on equivalent stress.Finally,by comparing with calculation data and experimental data,the error between them is less than 5%,demonstrating the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for oilfield operations of ram BOPs.

严寒地区光伏支架受力分析及优化

光伏支架作为光伏系统的重要组成部分,结构设计至关重要。为提升严寒地区光伏支架的安全性和经济性,采用有限元模拟方法对大庆市典型光伏工程进行了参数化分析和优化设计,主要探究檩条间距、立柱数量和前后立柱间距等不同结构参数对支架受力性能的影响。结果表明,支架挠度与檩条间距和立柱数量呈负相关,与前后立柱间距呈先增大后减小的趋势,临界荷载变化趋势与支架挠度变化趋势正好相反。并得出最佳优化方案:采用单块光伏板长度20%的檩条间距、斜梁水平投影60%的立柱间距、中间斜梁增加斜支撑和截面厚度2 mm的支架优化设计,此优化方案可使支架挠度降低71%。

新型同步调相机匝间短路故障机理分析

随着新型同步调相机大规模投入运行,调相机的安全问题逐渐凸显。绕组匝间短路故障是调相机1种典型故障,对调相机长期运行和电网稳定都有严重影响。该文从两种故障发生后对气隙磁场磁动势的影响出发,建立转子总电流、定子绕组相电流、支路电流及电磁转矩的统一数学表征,从幅值、相位、谐波含量等多方面对两种故障进行深入的对比分析,揭示新型同步调相机绕组匝间短路故障机理。该文基于已投入使用的TTS-300-2型新型同步调相机,开发有限元软件的仿真程序,搭建调相机模拟机的实验平台。理论分析结果分别得到了仿真与实验结果的验证。

基于金属磁记忆的弯曲工字钢梁的力-磁效应

目前,基于金属磁记忆检测技术的受力状态表征及损伤评估应用广泛,但在受弯构件的检测中,弯曲长度及荷载作用位置对检测结果的影响尚不明确。为研究受弯构件的力-磁效应,本工作基于四点弯曲工字钢梁的磁记忆检测,采用考虑初始平面外弯曲和应力与磁化作用角度的力-磁耦合方法,通过COMSOL多物理场仿真软件进行了数值模拟研究,并结合有效场理论分析了钢梁弯曲长度对磁信号的影响,提出了表征损伤及荷载作用位置的磁特征参数。结果表明:检测线磁信号峰-峰值S在钢梁接近屈服状态时显著增大,并在钢梁处于承载能力极限状态时达到最大值;腹板检测线磁信号峰-峰值S_(w)在钢梁屈服和达到最大承载能力时分别随有效段长度的增加呈线性减小和以二次函数的规律减小,而下翼缘检测线磁信号峰-峰值S_(f)在钢梁屈服和达到最大承载能力时均随有效段长度的增加以二次函数的规律减小;根据磁特征参数S_(w)和S_(f)定义了磁损伤指数D和荷载作用系数S_(r),当钢梁所受外加荷载超过其最大承载能力的80%时,可根据D>0.5的特征对钢梁不安全的受力状态进行预警;荷载作用系数S_(r)与钢梁的剪跨比λ近似线性相关,可以表征荷载的作用位置。

注水式城市应急防洪箱挡水受力特性分析

注水式城市应急防洪箱是一种高分子材质的防汛应急抢险新装备,采用理论分析和有限元计算结合的方法,对防洪箱挡水过程中的受力稳定条件以及箱体的应力、应变特性进行分析,结果表明:由防洪箱在挡水过程中的受力特性可知,在同一注水条件的不同挡水高度下,防洪箱的最大应力和变形均发生在迎水面,其中最大应力在迎水面底部,最大变形发生在迎水面中部。

顶管近接穿越既有箱涵的施工扰动与变形影响分析

为更好地控制顶管施工对周围建(构)筑物的影响,以上海某圆形顶管近接下穿既有箱涵施工为工程背景,建立了考虑顶管-土体-既有地下箱涵相互作用的三维有限元模型,计算分析了不同土体损失、开挖面支撑力等对周围地层和既有箱涵沉降的影响。计算结果表明:既有箱涵沉降随周围土体损失的增大而增加,两者基本呈线性正相关关系;当开挖面支撑力为初始地层压力1.5倍时,顶管施工对既有箱涵结构的扰动最小,一定程度上可以减少顶管施工导致的周围地层及既有箱涵沉降。最后,分析了多种既有箱涵MJS加固方案,提出了优化的加固参数,可为实际工程提供参考支持。

深基坑开挖过程中立柱隆起问题数值模拟分析

深基坑开挖过程中立柱、立柱桩会产生隆起,相邻立柱间的过大差异隆沉对内支撑体系稳定性产生不利影响。结合郑州地区某深基坑工程,采用有限元法计算分析了立柱及立柱桩的隆起问题,深入探讨了基坑开挖过程中立柱隆起、立柱桩工作特性的变化规律,分析了立柱隆起对支撑体系内力的影响规律。计算结果表明,立柱隆起主要受基底土体隆起变形的控制,并随着基坑开挖深度的增加而增大;立柱桩越长,立柱隆起量就越小,增加立柱桩桩长是降低立柱隆起量的有效措施,但同时也会增大桩身拉应力;立柱隆起会显著改变支撑体系的内力分布规律,且立柱过大的差异沉降会显著增大支撑体系的内力。工程设计时,建议合理选择立柱桩桩长来控制立柱隆起,避免相邻立柱桩桩长出现过大差别。

拱桥拱肋段缆索吊装状态时的风致响应研究

山区地形地貌复杂,受施工场地的限制,大跨桥梁施工多采取跨越能力强的缆索吊装法,但缆索系统轻柔的力学特性使其抗风问题突出。为掌握拱肋段缆索吊装过程中的风致响应特性,该文以某山区钢管混凝土拱桥为对象,首先通过有限元分析研究了缆索吊装体系在空载和吊重状态下的模态特性,讨论了拱肋段的动力学行为及影响因素;然后通过计算流体力学仿真模拟识别了不同拱肋段的气动力系数;最后通过瞬态分析计算了拱肋段缆索吊装状态时的风致响应。研究结果表明:当缆索吊装系统为吊重状态时,起吊索和吊重物在横桥向和绕竖轴扭转的风致振动现象明显;当吊装段由边跨向跨中行进时,其振动大小呈先增大后减小趋势;当吊装段下降时,除横桥向振动增大外,其余方向的振动均有所减小。

BFRP模壳不排水加固RC墩柱恢复力模型

为研究玄武岩纤维增强聚合物(basalt fiber reinforced polymer, BFRP)模壳不排水加固钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete, RC)墩柱抗震恢复力模型,在拟静力试验基础上,采用OpenSees有限元软件对模壳加固墩柱进行数值分析,主要研究参数为填充层混凝土强度、模壳厚度、加固高度、轴压比。研究表明:填充层混凝土强度等级越高,墩柱抗震性能有所增强,但C40以上的填充层混凝土强度等级墩柱的抗震性能较为接近;模壳加固厚度较大墩柱的抗震性能优于厚度较小墩柱;当模壳加固高度较高时,墩柱的抗震性能较好,当加固高度大于2~3倍原墩柱塑性铰高度时,抗震性能提升效果趋于稳定;轴压比越大,墩柱的刚度退化较快,不利延性发展。后通过数据回归分析,建立了BFRP模壳加固RC墩柱恢复力模型,对比可知,恢复力模型与试验曲线拟合较好,能有效反映加固墩柱的滞回性能,可为此类结构的抗震性能分析提供参考。