The pace of urbanisation,with the increase in the number of metropolitan areas,has been paralleled with the heritage discourse of past generations that valorises monuments in isolation,and has pushed the appreci...The pace of urbanisation,with the increase in the number of metropolitan areas,has been paralleled with the heritage discourse of past generations that valorises monuments in isolation,and has pushed the appreciation of urban heritage to a grim corner in the face of development.Since the turn of the millennium there are international efforts to reverse this trend by placing culture and people-centred approaches into the heritage discourse in order to allow inclusive policies that see culture and cultural heritage as an asset and driving force for sustainable urban development.As one of such instruments,the UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape,as an integrated management model,is considered in this article to have potentials to bridge existing divides to achieve sustainable urban development.With this belief,the paper looks into the future,with supporting arguments that come from discussions as a result of the WHITRAP International Expert Meeting on the Implementation of the HUL approach which took place in 2018,Shanghai,China.展开更多
Monitoring secondary forest regrowth is a priority in forest restoration strategies. A site history helps in understanding the present status of natural regeneration in the three landscapes impacted by bauxite mining....Monitoring secondary forest regrowth is a priority in forest restoration strategies. A site history helps in understanding the present status of natural regeneration in the three landscapes impacted by bauxite mining. Nonetheless, high rainfall in bauxite residue storage areas can facilitate natural regeneration of forest. This research analyzed the natural regeneration of forest after thirty years of different land use histories at three bauxite mining areas of the Upper Demerara—Berbice region of Guyana. There are no man made forest plantations in the three landscapes being reviewed. The methodology included: 1) the selection of three sampling landscapes with different land use histories 2) the generation Land Use/Land Cover maps using KMeans unsupervised classification of satellite images in each landscape and 3) the assessment of landscape structure of the land cover classes for year 2020 at class and landscape level using landscape metrics. The assessment of landscape structure of the land cover classes was carried-out with landscape metrics for the comparisons at class and landscape level. Principal component analysis enables the identification of main patterns among landscape-level metrics and land cover classes. Discriminant classification of the landscape classes was analyzed with the different metrics. The results suggest that Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and KMeans unsupervised classification can be used to evaluate the difference in natural forest regeneration among landscapes with differing land use histories. The landscape metrics revealed secondary stages of forest succession. The Landscape Shape Index and Edge Density were the most significant for landscape differentiation. The result of the various land uses reveals a mosaic of early, intermediate, and late successional sequences.展开更多
Georgia has been the country of vines and wine since ancient times, and historically vine growing and wine making has performed the function of one of the leading branches of economy. The diverse and rich information ...Georgia has been the country of vines and wine since ancient times, and historically vine growing and wine making has performed the function of one of the leading branches of economy. The diverse and rich information about growing vines and producing wine in Georgia can be found in historical and modem scientific literatures as well. Javakhishvili reviewed 413 vine species from the ancient period in his work： ＂Economic History of Georgia＂. Nowadays there are more than 420 species in Georgia or 2.5% of the whole world assortment, from which 27 are for wine, 14 edible and 41 standard species. According to the ecological and economic conditions, Georgia is divided into 11 main regions from the viewpoint of specialization and concentration of vine growing, of which Kakheti, Kartli, Imereti, Racha and Lechkhumi are the most important regions. All these regions are both producers and users of grapes and wine. The climate of Kakheti is favorable to develop the vine industry here. They are： Rkatsiteli, Saperavi, Mtsvane, Kabeme and Khikhvi. Kakheti gives more than half of branded wines of the republic. Fifty-four percent of vineyards of the country are placed, and 65%-68% of total wines in Georgia are produced in Kakheti.展开更多
文摘The pace of urbanisation,with the increase in the number of metropolitan areas,has been paralleled with the heritage discourse of past generations that valorises monuments in isolation,and has pushed the appreciation of urban heritage to a grim corner in the face of development.Since the turn of the millennium there are international efforts to reverse this trend by placing culture and people-centred approaches into the heritage discourse in order to allow inclusive policies that see culture and cultural heritage as an asset and driving force for sustainable urban development.As one of such instruments,the UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape,as an integrated management model,is considered in this article to have potentials to bridge existing divides to achieve sustainable urban development.With this belief,the paper looks into the future,with supporting arguments that come from discussions as a result of the WHITRAP International Expert Meeting on the Implementation of the HUL approach which took place in 2018,Shanghai,China.
文摘Monitoring secondary forest regrowth is a priority in forest restoration strategies. A site history helps in understanding the present status of natural regeneration in the three landscapes impacted by bauxite mining. Nonetheless, high rainfall in bauxite residue storage areas can facilitate natural regeneration of forest. This research analyzed the natural regeneration of forest after thirty years of different land use histories at three bauxite mining areas of the Upper Demerara—Berbice region of Guyana. There are no man made forest plantations in the three landscapes being reviewed. The methodology included: 1) the selection of three sampling landscapes with different land use histories 2) the generation Land Use/Land Cover maps using KMeans unsupervised classification of satellite images in each landscape and 3) the assessment of landscape structure of the land cover classes for year 2020 at class and landscape level using landscape metrics. The assessment of landscape structure of the land cover classes was carried-out with landscape metrics for the comparisons at class and landscape level. Principal component analysis enables the identification of main patterns among landscape-level metrics and land cover classes. Discriminant classification of the landscape classes was analyzed with the different metrics. The results suggest that Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and KMeans unsupervised classification can be used to evaluate the difference in natural forest regeneration among landscapes with differing land use histories. The landscape metrics revealed secondary stages of forest succession. The Landscape Shape Index and Edge Density were the most significant for landscape differentiation. The result of the various land uses reveals a mosaic of early, intermediate, and late successional sequences.
文摘Georgia has been the country of vines and wine since ancient times, and historically vine growing and wine making has performed the function of one of the leading branches of economy. The diverse and rich information about growing vines and producing wine in Georgia can be found in historical and modem scientific literatures as well. Javakhishvili reviewed 413 vine species from the ancient period in his work： ＂Economic History of Georgia＂. Nowadays there are more than 420 species in Georgia or 2.5% of the whole world assortment, from which 27 are for wine, 14 edible and 41 standard species. According to the ecological and economic conditions, Georgia is divided into 11 main regions from the viewpoint of specialization and concentration of vine growing, of which Kakheti, Kartli, Imereti, Racha and Lechkhumi are the most important regions. All these regions are both producers and users of grapes and wine. The climate of Kakheti is favorable to develop the vine industry here. They are： Rkatsiteli, Saperavi, Mtsvane, Kabeme and Khikhvi. Kakheti gives more than half of branded wines of the republic. Fifty-four percent of vineyards of the country are placed, and 65%-68% of total wines in Georgia are produced in Kakheti.
