Study on Dynamic Changes of Land Utilization and Landscape Layout in Pearl River Estuary

Taking advantage of remote sensing(RS) technology and geographic information system(GIS) technology to interpret the four periods' data of remote sensing images of Pearl River Estuary in the years of 1990,1995,2000,and 2005,the changes in land utilization and landscape layout of Pearl River Estuary have been analyzed with reference to land utilization dynamic model and quantitative method in landscape ecology.Results indicate several points as followings.①Located in the region typical of high-speed economic development,Pearl River Estuary shows noticeable changes in land types and evident spatial temporal difference.During these 15 years,the areas of cultivated land and forests have experienced dramatic decline while the land for construction purposes shows the trend of powerful increase.②On the prospect of variation,landscape metrics have indicated great differences among other landscape pattern indices except for Area-Weighted Mean Patch Fractal Dimension(AWMPFD) especially during the period from 1990 to 1995 which experiences the most obvious changes.③On the prospect of landscape,landscape pattern indices also indicate great changes in the landscape layout of Pearl River Estuary from 1990 to 2005 as well as noticeable increase in the number of patches,and various landscape pattern indices show the increase in the degree of regional landscape fragmentation and increase in diversity.

Analysis of the Image Space of Rural Landscape of the Pearl River Delta

Through questionnaires and perceptual maps,we made a variation analysis of landscape spatial image to the people in the Pearl River Delta from the viewpoint of the subjective perception.It is found that the people of different ages and different education levels from different areas hold diversified perceptions towards rural landscape space,and they have different ideal rural landscapes.However,there is a common point that the development of rural landscape should retain its excellent local landscape features and the local spirit,which will provide references for building the ideal rural landscape model.

Difference Analysis of Urban Landscape Pattern Change at Both Banks of Pearl River Estuary in China

By using remote sensing image data of Landsat-5 TM (1988, 1995 and 1998) and Landsat-7 ETM (2002), remote sensing image data, land-use map and DEM had been put in the same coordinate system and projection. In ArcView, all data had been rasterized as grid data of 30 m×30 m. By Fragstats, landscape pattern indexes had been calculated. Based on the average area, patch density, landscape isolation, boundary density, shape index, fractal dimension, aggregation degree, diversity and evenness index, landscape pattern at different periods and its evolution had been analyzed, revealing the differentiation of spatio-temporal change of landscape pattern at both banks of Pearl River Estuary.

Evolution of the Pearl River and its Implication for East Asian Continental Landscape Reversion

As the link connecting the South China Continent and the northern South China Sea(SCS),the Pearl River is the focus of sedimentology and petroleum geology research.Its evolutionary process and controlling factors are of great significance in revealing the East Asian continental landscape reorganization during the Late Cenozoic.Based on published data,’source-to-sink’provenance analyses allow systematic deliberation on the birth and evolutionary history of the Pearl River.Close to the Oligocene/Miocene boundary,an abrupt shift in the sedimentary composition indicates significant westward and northward expansion of the river’s watershed area,followed by the establishment of a near-modern fluvial network.This sedimentary change generally concurred with a series of regional geological events,including the onset of the Yangtze throughflow,large-scale development of the loess plateau,and formation of the northwestern arid zone and Asian Monsoon system.These major changes in the geology-climate-ecoenvironment system are in close response to the process of the Cenozoic Xizang(Tibetan)Plateau uplift.Consequently,the East Asian continental landscape and most of midCenozoic drainage systems underwent critical reversion into east-tilting,or east-flowing networks.

Riverfront Landscape Design of Wojiang River in Longnan County, Jiangxi Province

Taking riverfront landscape construction of Wojiang River and its artery landscape engineering for example, the design follows the principle of "humanistic, ecological, landscape, sharable and open", respects and understands intentions of planning in the early stage, focuses on the extraction of historical elements, explores local cultural characteristics to integrate the features into riverfront landscape construction and create urban landscapes with local cultural connotations.

High-resolution sequence architecture and depositional evolution of the Quaternary in the northeastern shelf margin of the South China Sea

The northeastern shelf margin of the South China Sea(SCS) is characterized by the development of large scale foresets complexes since Quaternary. Based on integral analysis of the seismic, well logging and paleontological data, successions since ～3.0 Ma can be defined as one composite sequence, consist of a set of regional transgressive to regressive sequences. They can be further divided into six 3 rd order sequences(SQ0–SQ5) based on the Exxon sequence stratigraphic model. Since ～1.6 Ma, five sets of deltaic systems characterized by development of wedge-shaped foresets complexes or clinoforms had been identified. High-resolution seismic data and the thick foresets allowed further divided of sub-depositional sequences(4 th order) of regression to transgression, which is basically consistent with published stacked benthic foram O-isotope records. Depositional systems identified in the study area include deltaic deposits(inner-shelf deltas and shelf-edge deltas), incised valleys, and slope slumping massive deposits. Since ～1.6 Ma, clinoforms prograded from the southern Panyu Lower Uplift toward the northern Baiyun Depression, shelf slope break migrated seaward, whereas the shelf edge of SQ0 migrated landward. The development of incised valleys in the continental shelf increased upward,especially intensive on the SB3 and SB2. The slumping massive deposits increased abruptly since SB2, which corresponds to the development of incised valleys. The evolution of depositional systems of continental slope mainly controlled by the combined influence of sea level changes, tectonic movements, sediment supply and climate changes. Since ～3.0 Ma, relative sea level of the northern SCS had been experienced transgression(～3.0 Ma BP) to regression(～1.6 Ma BP). The regional regression and maximum transgressions of the composite sequences were apparently enhanced by uplift or subsidence related to tectono-thermal events. In addition,climatic variations including monsoon intensification and the mid-Pleistocene transition may have enhanced sediment supply by increasing erosion rate and have an indispensable influence on the development of the incised valleys and 5 sets of deltaic systems since ～1.6 Ma.

Urbanization Effect of Highways in the Pearl River Delta

Based on TM images,ArcGIS and landscape ecology,4 typical roads in the Pearl River Delta are taken for example to analyze infl uence range of highway,and study the laws of highway construction infl uencing landscape patterns by reviewing landscape pattern changes in areas along the highways. According to the research,for Yuebei Section(north Guangdong) of Beijing–Zhuhai Highway,road construction has signifi cant infl uence on landscape patterns of the 300-m wide buffer zone(especially woodland and urban land); for Foshan–Kaiping Highway,road construction has significant influence on landscape patterns of the 1,000-m wide buffer zone(especially woodland and agricultural land); for Dongguan–Shenzhen Highway,road construction has signifi cant infl uence on landscape patterns of the 8,000-m wide buffer zone(especially woodland and urban land).

Daily Changes of Spatial Patterns of Meteorological Elements over Pearl River Delta Based on GIS and MM5

The spatial distribution of meteorological elements is important for understanding the regional meteorology and climate changes. However, previous studies rarely focused on the daily changes of the spatial patterns of meteorological elements due to the limitation of remote sensing （RS） techniques and traditional meteorological methods. In this paper, the regional meteorological elements were simulated by the fifth-generation non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model （MM5）, and the spatial patterns of meteorological elements and their diurnal variations were analyzed in landscape level over the Pearl （Zhujiang） River Delta （PRD）, China. The results showed that there were several centers of urban heat islands, cold islands, dry islands, wet islands, high wind over the PRD at noon. The diurnal changes of Moran I of meteorological elements were obvious and they reached the extremum at noon and 2-3 hours after the sunrise. The landscape indices of meteorological elements, such as area-weighted mean Fractal Dimension Index （FRAC_AM）, Landscape Shape lndex （LSI）, Shannon＇s Diversity Index （SHDI） and Contagion lndex （CONTAG）, were more variable at about the sunrise, noon and sunset. The occurrence of wave crests and vales of landscape indices was affected by the surface net radiation, turbulence and local circumfluence. The spatial patterns of meteorological elements correlated well with the land surface, thermal exchanges and local circumfluence. A new approach combining GIS, RS and numerical simulations technologies and the landscape ecology method was presented to analyze spatial patterns of meteorological elements, which may be useful for studying global and regional climate changes.

珠三角地区近20年城镇化与景观生态安全耦合协调分析

针对城镇化进程加快导致的珠三角地区生态景观胁迫程度日趋严峻,亟需加强区域生态保护的现状,构建新型城镇化与景观生态安全的耦合协调模型,定量测度2000—2020年珠三角地区城镇空间扩展与景观生态安全耦合协调时空格局以及发展状态,运用多元回归分析和灰色预测模型揭示其驱动机理,并预测2040年城镇空间扩展和景观生态安全耦合的发展趋势。结果表明:珠三角地区9市城镇化与景观生态安全的耦合协调度在20年间呈现缓慢波动上升的趋势,耦合协调度由2000年的0.305~0.436升至2020年的0.385~0.545,现处于拮抗耦合阶段,未来20年将继续向着协调同步、有序发展的方向前进。珠三角地区经济发展不平衡,城镇开发建设和生态环境保护难以同步发展,景观生态状况不乐观,生态环境滞后型的地市逐渐增多,尚未全面形成良好的协调发展状态。对外开放程度、经济发展水平、科技投入水平等因素对耦合协调度的影响较为显著(P<0.05),今后对于区域可持续发展需要加强耦合协调的机理研究,持续关注城镇空间拓展与景观生态安全的协调发展趋势及特征。

山地城市江滩型非正式绿地游憩机会谱构建——以重庆两江四岸为例

【目的】江滩是山地城市中具有重要游憩价值的特殊的非正式绿地类型,当前存在游憩需求与游憩环境不适配、游憩体验下降的问题。为了探寻合理的江滩空间利用途径,需要从游憩机会的角度对江滩非正式绿地进行识别和分类优化。【方法】明确山地城市江滩型非正式绿地定义与特征,选取重庆两江四岸范围内20个江滩空间单元,通过现场调研、问卷调查与因子分析建立游憩机会指标体系并构建游憩机会谱。【结果】识别出自然体验型、日常生活型、人文特色型和城市观光型4种江滩游憩环境类型及对应特征,构建重庆两江四岸江滩型非正式绿地游憩机会谱,从整体与分类2个维度提出江滩游憩环境品质提升策略。【结论】山地城市江滩型非正式绿地游憩机会谱的构建与应用,可进一步指导各类型江滩及其周边环境的规划、建设与管理,对山地城市蓝绿空间开放共享具有重要意义。

黄河下游典型乡村景观形态类型特征与模式研究

乡村景观是在人与自然的相互作用下形成的,营造适宜的乡村景观能够促进生态资源与乡村人居环境协同发展。黄河战略提出要建立人文生态资源保护与乡村发展的互促机制,以流域视角探索乡村“三生”空间要素的结构关系,开展黄河下游乡村景观形态类型与模式研究,有利于流域乡村的生态保护与高质量发展。以黄河下游为研究区,按照环境特征分为三大景观区域,对区域内的聚落景观、农业生产景观及自然环境景观进行形态类型划分与特征分析;以黄河下游村落环境指标数据库为基础,借助SPSS皮尔逊相关性分析法,解析不同景观类型间的关联机制,最终总结出三大景观分区的景观类型特征与组合模式。研究成果可以丰富乡村景观理论,指导黄河下游乡村规划建设实践,并为其他流域乡村景观形态研究提供借鉴。

山地城市崖壁景观特征及保护利用策略——以重庆两江四岸区域为例

【目的】崖壁作为山地城市重要的地域性景观之一,在城市意象、社会生活和相关城市职能中发挥着重要作用。新时代背景下,崖壁景观的地位和角色也逐渐发生变化。崖壁景观的可持续发展于城市及其本身都具有重要意义,然而目前关于崖壁景观的系统性认知比较匮乏。【方法】以崖壁景观分布集中的重庆两江四岸区域为例,综合运用实地调查、史料梳理、ArcGIS空间分析等手段对山地城市崖壁景观特征及保护利用途径进行深入调查和讨论。【结果】两江四岸区域崖壁景观在总体空间分布上呈现依附山形地势与滨江临水两大特征;在空间形态上可划分为自然崖壁、人工介入崖壁,人工崖壁3种类型,自然崖壁生境类型丰富多样,人工介入崖壁和人工崖壁则相对单一;崖壁景观提供了多元复合的功能空间,是重要的人文景观载体。【结论】从崖壁空间功能转型、周边资源整合利用和自然生境保育3个方面提出崖壁景观的可持续发展策略,为山地城市崖壁景观的保护和开发利用提供参考。

珠江口盆地白云凹陷始新统物源体系展布特征

珠江口盆地白云凹陷是南海北部陆缘主要的油气产区之一,因其广阔的油气远景而受到了国内外学者的广泛关注;然而目前对始新统沉积的源区构造背景、源岩成分、古水系及古地貌特征有待进一步研究,坳陷期—断坳转换期物源体系的演化仍不甚清晰。本文通过岩石矿物学分析、稀土元素特征研究及三维地震数据体解析等手段,系统揭示了白云凹陷始新统古地貌演化及物源展布特征。结果表明:文昌期、恩平期源区构造背景均具有再旋回造山带属性,而恩平组沉积同时受到了混合造山带及稳定陆块源区的制约,显示了断坳转换期混源的特征。此外,金红石/石榴石等深成岩矿物比重在恩平组较高,可能指示了源区强烈的构造变质作用。稀土元素特征显示白云凹陷始新统源岩与花岗岩的配分模式相似。坳陷期—断坳转换期古水系由收敛至发散,整体呈顺时针摆动。物源供给总体呈现盆内轴向供给—北部缓坡供给—盆外长轴供给的转换特征,湖盆特征也呈现出小盆浅湖—大盆深湖—宽缓湖盆—浅水广盆的特征。

水文学知识介入风景园林设计的空间机制分析框架

随着风景园林设计对水文分析要求的提升,设计师在设计实践中,往往存在着无法准确理解与应用水文学知识的情况。在引入“空间机制”概念后,发现明晰景观空间(自变量x)与景观功能(因变量y)之间的因果关系是解决该问题的关键,而基于水文学知识的水文过程分析则是研究特定景观空间与景观功能因果关系的有效途径,因此构建了“景观空间变量-水文要素变量-景观功能变量”的分析框架。应用该框架,将河流流速相关的水文学知识转译为设计语言,并分析河流流速与河流廊道空间变量和景观功能变量之间如何相互影响,从而提出不同功能目标导向下的河流廊道景观设计策略,并提炼出水文学知识向风景园林设计语言转译及应用于实践的一般途径。

嘉陵江沿线古城“山-水-城”景观特征研究

嘉陵江是长江水系中第二大支流,空间上连接南北丝绸之路,是巴蜀地区重要的文化廊道。在典型山地曲流环境中,其沿线古城蕴含了丰富的山水营建智慧。从自然环境、文化环境、行政建制三方面梳理了嘉陵江沿线古城的形成基础,并以上、中、下游8个古城为例,通过历史文献系统梳理及结合GIS平台的历史地图空间转译,提炼其“山-水-城”景观特征。具体为“宏观格局把控”方面“巴蜀要冲,控扼形胜”的城市选址、“襟江带河,群山四望”的山水格局、“江山聚结,生气聚集”的风水脉络;“中微观空间结构塑造”方面“迎山接水,不拘一格”的城市空间结构、“依形江山,因地制宜”的城市功能营建;以及“沿江山集群,南北人文关联”的“跨尺度风景审美经营”等在地特征,以期为巴蜀文化遗产保护与传承、西南山地宜居城乡建设提供参考。

当代江南私家园林中传统山水营造的传承与发展

【目的】当代江南地区的私家园林正在持续繁荣发展之中,因它对营造传统的继承与发展最为紧密地结合着生活现实而具有认知价值,需要探究其兴造状况、面貌特点、方法取向等方面的问题,改变相关学术研究还较为缺乏的局面。【方法】结合文献、考察、访谈等多方面资料,从理论、现状、营造3个层面对当代江南私家园林中传统山水营造的传承与发展进行初步探讨。【结果】基本理论层面,私家园林的概念范围应包含更大量的民间自发造园,形态以相对小型的庭园为多,核心特征是以叠山理石为显著标志的山水营造;兴造现状层面,当代江南私家园林自改革开放以后复苏,近年趋向全面兴盛,山水营造也是其中显著特征;具体营造层面,既有对叠山理石传统的丰富传承,也有新思路的引入而使传统得到创新发展。【结论】对当代江南私家园林中传统山水营造的传承与发展的认识,不仅可加深对现实的理解,也可为更大范围的当代风景园林实践提供极具活力的源泉。

论“卷阿”形胜观的内涵与嬗递

最早记载于《诗经》的“卷阿”有着独特的“飘风自南”自然山水景观。在考辨“有卷者阿”历史源流的基础上分析其发轫、形成及“形胜”特征,认为“卷阿”形胜观历经“自然景观空间-建筑空间-精神空间”的发展过程,由物质空间升华到精神空间的文化意象。在皇权观念中,以高大广阔的建筑景观空间寓于“有卷者阿”形态,体现君王礼贤下士、君子纳才的宽广胸怀;对于贤臣来说,彰显其所追求修身治国之抱负和聿修厥德的情操。诠释“卷阿”山水格局并传承其文化内涵,构建蕴含人文精神的风景游赏地,形成物质与精神交融的山水景观空间,以达育人、化人的目的。

黄河国家战略背景下“景观生态规划原理与方法”课程教学实践与思政融入探索

风景园林专业研究生培养应主动服务国家战略、对接行业产业需求,实现从“知识本位教育”转向“应用能力本位教育”。黄河国家战略的实施为黄河流域沿线省份风景园林专业研究生教育带来新的挑战与机遇,山东建筑大学风景园林专业研究生课程“景观生态规划原理与方法”,聚焦黄河下游生态保护与高质量发展,将理论讲授、思政融入、案例解析等全面融入黄河国家战略,积极探索响应国家重大战略、顺应时代发展需求的风景园林研究生课程建设与教学实践。从课程目标与设计理念、课程模块与思政融入、教学方法与教学手段以及典型教学案例设计与实施4个方面,总结课程教学实践与课程思政融入的经验,探索育人理念与教学模式、课程内容与教学组织的创新,达成“价值塑造、能力培养、知识传授”的立德树人目的。

济南洪范池泉群浪溪河流域泉水聚落水适应性景观演变研究

水影响着人们的生产、生活以及地区文化,在特定区域内,人类和水及其自然环境长期且持续地相互适应,最终呈现出具有适应性的复合景观系统。洪范池泉群作为济南十大泉群之一,其中浪溪河流域泉水分布众多,泉水聚落分布密集,独特的泉水系统形成了具有典型地域特征的水适应性景观。基于认知水适应性视角,将浪溪河流域泉水聚落水适应性景观分为水适应主体(林田系统、聚落系统)、水适应客体(自然水系统、人工水系统)和水适应过程,并根据“人—水—地”相互适应作用的不同阶段特点,将其水适应性景观演变过程划分为萌芽期、发展期、转变期以及稳定期,对各时期水适应性景观系统要素特征进行分析,最终归纳整体演变规律。

珠江三角洲沙田的景观特征与生物文化多样性解析

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