Forest landscape and its ecological quality:A stepwise spatiotemporal evaluation through patch-matrix model in Jhargram District,West Bengal State,India

Landscape conversion becomes a continuous process in a natural landscape for any strategic development.In a forest landscape mosaic,the conversion from non-forest land to forest land implies a constructive approach.Various bio-geographic processes are enriched and developed when the land was converted to forest land in a given landscape matrix.The present study evaluated how the increased forest cover improves the ecological quality of forest in Jhargram District of West Bengal State,India,from 1985 to 2015.The quality of forests includes dominance,fragmentation and connectivity,which are the basis ecological indicators of habitat structure.To address this issue,we extracted forest cover maps of 1985 and 2015 from land use/land cover classification.A grid framework was overlaid on these forest cover maps for patch-matrix model analysis.Reliable landscape ecological indices were used for the measurements of forest landscape quality in 1985 and 2015.Then a simple linear regression model was used to compare the results.Temporally,forest cover increased in Jhargram District from 1985 to 2015.The comparison of measurement indices depicts that although only a small amount of land was changed into forest land in the study area,this small change has greatly improved the structural compositional quality of the forest land.Compared with 1985,the forest land area increased by about 6930.56 hm^(2) in 2015.This increased forest cover improved the basic landscape ecological characters,such as inter patch connectivity,forest core area,forest habitat dependence,forest habitat dominance and forest edge effect.As a result,the ecosystem function in Jhargram District has been improved,which again attracts wildlife and enriches biodiversity.

Ecological Landscape Planning Considering Landscape Aesthetics (Case Study: Part of Tehran-Qom Freeway)

Visual quality is a significant issue in today’s modern world which needs to be evaluated. This assessment is based on the observer’s perception and sight of space and attempts to introduce the criteria of spatial desirability in the landscape. Analysis of the relationships between visual quality and structural features of the landscape is an effective way of conducting cognitive research. For this purpose, the analysis of visual quality was considered by compiling measurement and evaluation criteria, based on the concept of user preferences, in the part of Tehran-Qom Freeway, near the northeastern side of Imam Khomeini International Airport (Iran). The main objective of this research is to present a strategic plan for preserving and restoring the ecological landscape, creating a sense of place in the region, emphasizing gradual changes in the landscape during the movement and considering its relation to landscape aesthetics. For this purpose, after the questionnaire was prepared, the classifying visual quality method (Q-Sort) was used. Finally, using the results obtained from landscape analysis, identifying the components which led to the lack of visibility of individuals, and by using the geographic information systems (GIS), the strategic design of the area was designed.

Development of a large-scale remote sensing ecological index in arid areas and its application in the Aral Sea Basin

The Aral Sea Basin in Central Asia is an important geographical environment unit in the center of Eurasia.It is of great significance to the ecological protection and sustainable development of Central Asia to carry out dynamic monitoring and effective evaluation of the eco-environmental quality of the Aral Sea Basin.In this study,the arid remote sensing ecological index(ARSEI)for large-scale arid areas was developed,which coupled the information of the greenness index,the salinity index,the humidity index,the heat index,and the land degradation index of arid areas.The ARSEI was used to monitor and evaluate the eco-environmental quality of the Aral Sea Basin from 2000 to 2019.The results show that the greenness index,the humidity index and the land degradation index had a positive impact on the quality of the ecological environment in the Aral Sea Basin,while the salinity index and the heat index exerted a negative impact on the quality of the ecological environment.The eco-environmental quality of the Aral Sea Basin demonstrated a trend of initial improvement,followed by deterioration,and finally further improvement.The spatial variation of these changes was significant.From 2000 to 2019,grassland and wasteland(saline alkali land and sandy land)in the central and western parts of the basin had the worst ecological environment quality.The areas with poor ecological environment quality are mainly distributed in rivers,wetlands,and cultivated land around lakes.During the period from 2000 to 2019,except for the surrounding areas of the Aral Sea,the ecological environment quality in other areas of the Aral Sea Basin has been improved in general.The correlation coefficients between the change in the eco-environmental quality and the heat index and between the change in the eco-environmental quality and the humidity index were–0.593 and 0.524,respectively.Climate conditions and human activities have led to different combinations of heat and humidity changes in the eco-environmental quality of the Aral Sea Basin.However,human activities had a greater impact.The ARSEI can quantitatively and intuitively reflect the scale and causes of large-scale and long-time period changes of the eco-environmental quality in arid areas;it is very suitable for the study of the eco-environmental quality in arid areas.

Temporal and spatial responses of ecological resilience to climate change and human activities in the economic belt on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, China

In the Anthropocene era,human activities have become increasingly complex and diversified.The natural ecosystems need higher ecological resilience to ensure regional sustainable development due to rapid urbanization and industrialization as well as other intensified human activities,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.In the study,we chose the economic belt on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains(EBNSTM)in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China as a case study.By collecting geographic data and statistical data from 2010 and 2020,we constructed an ecological resilience assessment model based on the ecosystem habitat quality(EHQ),ecosystem landscape stability(ELS),and ecosystem service value(ESV).Further,we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of ecological resilience in the EBNSTM from 2010 to 2020 by spatial autocorrelation analysis,and explored its responses to climate change and human activities using the geographically weighted regression(GWR)model.The results showed that the ecological resilience of the EBNSTM was at a low level and increased from 0.2732 to 0.2773 during 2010–2020.The spatial autocorrelation analysis of ecological resilience exhibited a spatial heterogeneity characteristic of"high in the western region and low in the eastern region",and the spatial clustering trend was enhanced during the study period.Desert,Gobi and rapidly urbanized areas showed low level of ecological resilience,and oasis and mountain areas exhibited high level of ecological resilience.Climate factors had an important impact on ecological resilience.Specifically,average annual temperature and annual precipitation were the key climate factors that improved ecological resilience,while average annual evapotranspiration was the main factor that blocked ecological resilience.Among the human activity factors,the distance from the main road showed a negative correlation with ecological resilience.Both night light index and PM2.5 concentration were negatively correlated with ecological resilience in the areas with better ecological conditions,whereas in the areas with poorer ecological conditions,the correlations were positive.The research findings could provide a scientific reference for protecting the ecological environment and promoting the harmony and stability of the human-land relationship in arid and semi-arid areas.

特大城市都市区生态空间识别评价、网络构建与优化模型研究

在国家生态文明建设的要求下,生态空间作为承载城市生态信息和能量的重要用地,是促进特大城市空间结构合理形成的重要因素,也是城市高质量发展及高品质人居环境建设的关键。以6个特大(超大)城市都市区为研究对象,基于MSPA-InVEST复合模型对生态空间进行识别和评价,通过生境质量评价结果提取核心生态源地并生成生态阻力面,运用最小累计阻力模型(MCR)构建各特大城市都市区生态空间网络。在此基础上,结合对特大城市生态空间结构进化趋势的分析,提出各特大城市都市区生态空间结构的优化模式,并探索构建了“绿楔+绿环”的环网放射式和“绿心+绿带”的带网棋盘式2种特大城市都市区生态空间结构优化模型,以期为中国特大城市都市区生态空间格局优化和可持续发展提供理论支撑和实践指导,也为优化特大城市国土空间格局提供参考和借鉴。

滨水生态驳岸对水体的净化效果研究——以南昌市象湖湿地公园为例

为研究滨水生态驳岸对水体的净化效果,本文以南昌市象湖湿地公园生态驳岸为例,通过重新构建生态驳岸植物群落等工程改造,监测和评价生态驳岸工程改造前后示范段的近岸水体净化效果。结果表明,改造前,区域内各水体的污染程度均较严重,原硬质驳岸、自然缓坡和木桩驳岸的近岸水质均为地表水Ⅴ类或Ⅴ类以下,以总氮为主要污染物,而总磷的污染程度较小。改造完成后,区域内的主要水体水质上升为地表水Ⅲ类,透明度明显增大;仅有局部的微小区域水质仍为Ⅴ类,但其污染指数已有明显降低。因此,生态驳岸的营建和滨水地带植物群落的合理布局,结合污染控制,能够较好地保护和重建水陆边缘地带的自然生态过程及岸栖生物栖息环境,有效地发挥其生态系统边缘效应,形成自然优美、生态功能持续稳定的湖泊湿地景观。

“双减”背景下校外教育的价值与发展路径

当前,我国教育正处于提质增效、由高向强转变的关键时期,需要破解教育高质量发展的难题,“双减”改革给校外教育带来了新的机遇和挑战。校外教育作为大教育格局中的重要一环,是教育高质量发展的重要突破口,具有实践性强、开放性强、包容性强、黏合性强等特点,对教育生态重构有着不可替代的影响。因此,应重新审视校外教育的价值与作用,形成广泛共识,在教育大格局中推动校外教育的新发展:坚持以德为先,落实立德树人根本任务,将社会主义核心价值观融入校外教育全过程;以儿童为本,加强综合素质教育,提升儿童自我服务和实践能力,促进儿童全面发展;强化校外教育与家庭教育、学校教育的有机衔接,打造家校社协同育人的国民教育体系。

陕北黄土高原景观生态质量时空分异及驱动力分析

景观生态质量是衡量生态系统稳定度的重要指标。基于景观稳定性、景观干扰度和恢复与重建力三个层面构建景观生态质量评估模型,探究了陕北黄土高原20 a来景观生态质量及时空变化,并利用地理探测器进行了驱动力分析。结果表明:陕北黄土高原景观生态质量呈现中南部高、西部及北部低的分布特征,空间相关性和异质性显著;景观生态质量等级在中等及以上的区域面积占比由40.0%上升至63.5%,景观生态质量明显改善,并呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势;区域景观生态质量受自然因子和人为因子的共同作用,NDVI和高程是主要驱动因子,且与降水、气温、GDP和人口密度等因素交互后驱动力增强。

景观生态视角下武夷山国家公园生态质量空间分异

景观生态质量可以反映国家公园生态保护状态。以武夷山国家公园为案例地,制定接近行政村平均大小的正六边形作为评价单元,基于土地利用结构构建景观稳定性和干扰性指标体系,综合主观层次分析法和客观均方差决策法得到混合构权模型权重,结合标准化处理的单一指标值计算分级的景观生态质量。结果显示:1)研究区域整体景观生态质量空间分异明显,80%区域的景观稳定性较高,受人为因素影响较小或不受影响,自然景观较完整;不稳定区域受人为因素影响较大,自然景观有一定程度破碎化,以武夷山风景名胜区及其周边社区,以及中南部九峰村和长见村最为明显;2)于村域尺度设计的基于景观结构的景观稳定性和干扰性评估法能较好反映案例地景观生态质量,适用于县级以下村域尺度国家公园景观生态评估,结论与同类研究较为一致;3)应在整体性、多样性和连通性上加强景观生态保护,重视“适应性”和“反脆弱性”生态管护模式。可为武夷山国家公园保护、规划和管理决策提供信息。

The quality attribute of watershed ecosystem is more important than the landscape attribute in controlling erosion of red soil in southern China

Landscape and quality attributes are major ecosystem characteristics closely associated with soil conservation service(SCS).However,the intrinsic mechanisms by which these two attributes influence SCS are still unclear.Therefore,this study quantitatively analyzed the landscape pattern,ecological quality,and SCS in the Lianshui River watershed(a typical soil and water loss area of red soil in southern China)and its sub-watersheds in 2019.The boosted regression tree model was used to explore the influence of 15 factors(i.e.,landscape and quality attributes)on SCS at the sub-watershed scale.According to the results,compared with the landscape attribute,the quality attribute of the watershed ecosystem could better explain the spatial heterogeneity of SCS across 66 sub-watersheds.The overall degree of influence of five quality factors on SCS reached 57.81%,with the highest being the normalized differential build-up and bare soil index(NDBSI),at 25.11%.Among 10 landscape factors,aggregation had the greatest influence on SCS,at 28.64%.The relationships between key influencing factors and SCS were nonmonotonic and non-linear,with threshold effects.For example,NDBSI values of 0.18e0.41 had a positive influence on SCS,while NDBSI values of 0.41e0.65 had a negative influence on SCS.The findings broaden our understanding of the response of SCS to changes in landscape and quality attributes at the sub-watershed scale,and could offer comprehensive support for soil erosion management in the watershed ecosystem.

景观工程建设对人流密集区的生态质量提升评估——以福州大学城旗山湖公园为例

以福州大学城旗山湖公园为例,选取不同时期的福州旗山湖公园遥感影像数据,分析土地覆盖类型、地表温度反演与遥感生态指数。结果表明:福州旗山湖公园建成后,福州大学城的整体生态环境质量得到一定程度的提升。

影响合肥市河流水质的生境多样性关键因素研究

针对当下城市河流修复缺乏物理空间生境研究的知识缺口,面向生态文明建设与国土空间生态修复的国家战略需求,从提升生态系统服务综合效能的角度出发,通过学科交叉,定量揭示影响城市河流水质的生境多样性关键因素。以合肥市南淝河、塘西河作为实证研究案例,通过水质实验与天空地生境信息采集获取样本数据,依据水质评价与URS生境多样性评价体系的研究方法,揭示水质与生境多样性之间的相关性,发现了同时对水质与生境多样性产生影响的关键因素。产生正向显著影响的指标分别为河岸自然化形态比例、河道生境类型数量、滨水带种植宽度、河岸乔木连续性指数、水生植被平均覆盖度、主导水生植物类型、水生植物长势、河岸植被特征指数;产生负向显著影响的指标为河岸带植被相关特征、河岸表层植被平均高度、固定河床材料比例、护岸存在比例、河岸材质指数、主导护岸材质类型、护岸材质指数、入河排污口数量。这些关键因素可作为城市河流生态修复重点关注的生境指标,为基于生境多样性恢复的城市河流生态修复提供一定的理论依据与技术支撑。

厦漳泉新兴都市区生态质量遥感评价

城市生态系统和地表生物物理组分之间存在复杂的潜在非线性关系,这使得城市聚集的都市区生态质量客观评估遇到了技术挑战。针对性选取干度、路网密度、土地利用程度综合指数、植被覆盖率、生态连接度、湿度、热度、生态系统服务价值指数8个城市生态重要影响因子,利用主成分分析进行指标集成建立城市生态评价遥感指数UEQ,并分析不同等级UEQ与地表景观格局指标的定量关系,评价区域一体化背景下厦漳泉新兴都市区生态状况。结果表明,受8个指标综合作用,厦漳泉都市区UEQ均值为0.558,生态指数等级为中等。对比UEQ指数的8个指标分量,对生态质量起正向作用的生态系统服务价值指标值较低,对生态质量起负向作用的干度、土地利用程度综合指数和热度指标值较高,其它4个指标贡献度较低。从空间分布来看,厦漳泉都市区生态质量总体呈“西高东低”的空间格局。东部核心区高不透水面覆盖地区,生态用地的生态效益较低,其生态质量比都市区整体平均值低0.212;西部绿色山地保育带,完整连续的生态用地发挥的生态效益也更高,其平均生态质量比总体平均值高0.104。不透水面斑块小、斑块内部连通度低且斑块聚集度低的区域,其生态质量好于不透水面斑块大、斑块内部高度连通且斑块高度聚集的区域。

基于景观质量评价的桂林漓江风景区生态优化设计

为提升自然遗产的生态环境保护水平,推动桂林漓江风景区可持续发展,以桂林漓江风景区为研究对象,基于层次分析法构建桂林漓江风景区生态景观质量评价指标体系,并确定各指标因子权重;采用模糊综合评价法对桂林漓江风景区生态景观质量进行综合评价。结果表明,桂林漓江风景区生态景观质量综合评价得分为3.8762分,处于“较好”水平;4项准则层(整体风貌B_(1)、文化服务价值B_(2)、美学价值B_(3)、生态调节B_(4))评分均在“一般”等级之上,得分值分别为B_(1)=3.5871、B_(2)=4.2971、B_(3)=3.2913、B_(4)=3.0093,由大到小表现为文化服务价值、整体风貌、美学价值、生态调节。桂林漓江风景区生态景观质量在文化服务价值方面表现较好,在生态调节方面表现较弱。研究结果显示桂林漓江风景区需在保持山水形态原真性和完整性、实现生态保护与可持续发展方面持续发力,保持景观原生态美学价值,进而提升社会经济价值。

生态文明背景下“能量美学”的概念提出与设计探索

提出“能量美学”这一全新的理念,该理念的核心在于通过能量和资源的高效利用创造美好空间,同时促进环境保护和社会进步,推动生态文明建设和可持续发展。从背景与缘起、概念与解析、价值与意义、路径与实践、趋势与影响、结论与展望6个方面,阐释“能量美学”作为一种全新的理念,在生态价值、经济价值和文化价值方面都具有重大的战略意义,并通过应用实例,得出“能量美学”不仅在理论上具有创新性,而且在实际操作中也展现出极高的可行性和有效性。通过提升能量使用的效率和审美价值,创造更加绿色和谐的生活环境,满足人民对美好生活的追求,为构建更加和谐、绿色的未来提供新路径和新视角。

景观格局对河流黑臭水体生态修复的影响研究

为取得理想的河流黑臭水体生态修复效果,展开景观格局对黑臭水体修复的影响研究。在汉江中游选取研究区域,在该区域内划分8个水质监测断面,明确断面污染程度以及采集水样的水质均值指标;在不同宽度的缓冲区内对总氮、溶解氧、氨氮、总磷以及化学需氧量5种水质参数展开测定,并使用景观格局指数对水质参数的响应展开分析。结果表明,不同宽度缓冲区内的景观结构变量对水体修复的影响作用大于景观组成变量;研究区域内农用地对黑臭水体的修复产生的消极影响最显著;不同缓冲区的斑块面积和斑块面积对黑臭水体的修复的效果不同。

基于景观格局与遥感生态指数的成都市碳排放分析

首先利用景观格局分析方法建立最优的土地利用分类粒度;随后进行城市生态质量评价并对土地利用分类结果进行碳排放计算,然后分析成都市各区、县碳排放空间格局变化。分析可得,30 m为最佳分类粒度,2015—2020年成省市城市整体生态质量得到提升,各区、县碳排放总量处于增加状态,且城市生态质量提升区域多处于碳排放增加量大的区域。综上可得,成都市没有因为城市化进程加快使城市生态质量变差,而在城市化进程快速区域的生态质量改善明显,因此成都市整体处于生态改善建设中。

基于SBE-Matlab法的合肥市大蜀山国家森林公园绿地结构质量评价

以合肥市大蜀山国家森林公园为研究对象,选取三种典型绿地,包括一般绿地,滨水景观绿地,建筑、小品及道路等人造硬质景观绿地,拍摄搜集三类绿地实地照片,采用SBE法对其进行评价打分,并利用Matlab软件中“多元数量化模型”功能构建合肥市大蜀山国家森林公园三类绿地相应的景观结构质量模型,为后期公园景观优化提出参考性建议。结果显示:一般绿地中,色彩数量对森林公园一般性绿地景观美景度的贡献最大,达28.5%,其他景观要素的贡献率排序为景观自然度>绿视率>郁闭度>树群轮廓线>树种组成数;滨水景观绿地中,总体协调性对景观美景度的贡献最大,达25.5%,其他景观要素的贡献率排序为植被覆盖率>景观自然程度>层片结构>树木栽植方式>驳岸类型>水的类型;人造硬质景观周边绿地中,景观自然程度对公园硬质景观周围绿地景观美景度的贡献最大,达24.6%,其他景观要素的贡献率排序为树木栽植方式>生活型构成>人工景观风貌>空间结构。基于三类绿地景观美景度模型分析结果,建议后期公园景观优化应注重增加植物色彩数量,营造不同色系植物水平和垂直结构组合的自然式群落结构,注重协调植物和水域空间的比例关系,利用不同生活型植物的组合搭配,构建适宜开展林下活动的绿色开放空间,以满足休闲游憩的需求。

基于InVEST模型的淀山湖片区生境质量评估及景观优化研究

随着城市化和农业规模化加剧,自然流域遭到破坏,生态环境面临严重威胁。基于开源软件InVEST模型对淀山湖片区2015年和2022年的生境质量进行评估。结果表明,城市化与农业扩张对生态系统造成了较大影响,导致淀山湖生境质量整体下降。针对不同的威胁因素与退化程度,总结出5种景观优化策略,并以柳河上游沿岸为例,进行景观设计改造。总体上说,采用的生态模型评估方法提供了淀山湖片区生境质量的时空分布信息,并以案例设计为决策者提供参考,有助于改进城市规划和发展,促进城市河湖沿线生境保护。

景观生态质量评价研究——以吴江市为例

从土地生态学的角度探讨景观生态质量的评价理论和方法。景观生态质量(LsEQ)是景观生态系统维持自身结构与功能稳定性的能力,因此,景观生态质量的衡量标准是景观生态系统的稳定性,其稳定性取决于景观生态系统的自身稳定程度与外部生态学干扰程度的对比。以吴江市为例进行实证研究,结果表明,吴江市景观生态质量等级呈西南高、东北低的空间分布态势,评价结果与实际情况吻合,表明该评价方法有一定可行性。