Climate warming-induced rangeland degradation in arid and semiarid steppe imposes substantial threats to the livelihoods of people.But this dilemma can be solved by combining all sectors of agriculture,animal husbandr...Climate warming-induced rangeland degradation in arid and semiarid steppe imposes substantial threats to the livelihoods of people.But this dilemma can be solved by combining all sectors of agriculture,animal husbandry and tourism through their complementarity,i.e.by adopting integrated landscape ecosystem-based approaches.A number of experiences and lessons have been achieved in a specific sector for its successful development,but not in the multiple social,economic,and ecological systems.In this study,we use the perspective of integrated ecosystem management to strengthen crop-livestock integration and innovative livelihoods,and propose a multifunctional Kailash Landscape to activate the inter-linkage among agriculture,animal husbandry,and heritage pilgrimage/tourism in order to achieve multiple functions of the socio-ecological system.A case study of Kailash Sacred Landscape Conservation and Development Initiative in China was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by land use and land cover change and their consequences on multiple ecosystem services.Integrated landscape management was found to be effective in building resilience of socio-ecosystems by reducing the vulnerability of traditional agriculture in terms of improving crop production and animal husbandry.A multifunctional landscape is expected to be integrated and build a resilient sector complementarity including farming,pastorism,environmental and socioeconomic function.The analyses show that integrated landscape approaches provide an effective perspective for sustainable socio-economic development in this sacred landscape.The findings highlight the importance of landscape-scale ecosystem-based adaptation to environment change.展开更多
自然对人类的贡献(nature’s contributions to people,NCP)是指大自然对人类生活质量的一切积极贡献和消极影响,分为10个调节型NCP、4个物质型NCP和4个非物质型NCP.但目前这些NCP的全球时空分布及其相互作用规律尚不清楚,直接制约了加...自然对人类的贡献(nature’s contributions to people,NCP)是指大自然对人类生活质量的一切积极贡献和消极影响,分为10个调节型NCP、4个物质型NCP和4个非物质型NCP.但目前这些NCP的全球时空分布及其相互作用规律尚不清楚,直接制约了加强自然界多种有益贡献的生态系统管理实践.本研究构建基于指标体系的评价方法,结合生态系统演变、气候变化与人类活动全球尺度多源空间数据集,在全球范围内对1990~2018年所有18个NCPs进行空间制图,在15,204个流域单元上识别主导了NCP组合,并基于NCPs时空特征识别了全球景观变化的功能权衡关系和景观多功能性.结果表明,全球大部分NCPs的高值仅在局地出现.1992~2018年,6个调节型NCP、3个物质型NCP和2个非物质型NCP下降.29种调节型和物质型NCP组合(总共有54种组合)的主导流域占全球76%的陆地面积,而无NCP主导的流域占全球陆地面积的22%.NCPs变化的协同关系比权衡关系更为常见,但调节型和物质型NCP之间的关系普遍处于权衡状态.过渡气候地区的NCP相对少,并具有强烈的权衡关系;而低纬度地区NCPs之间的高度协同关系可能受到未来气候变化的影响.研究结果提供了对全球NCP空间变化规律的总体认知,可用于科学支撑区域景观功能的关系调控和景观多功能性提升,以增强全球人类福祉.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0502001)the Kailash Sacred Landscape Conservation and Development Initiative from ICIMOD.
文摘Climate warming-induced rangeland degradation in arid and semiarid steppe imposes substantial threats to the livelihoods of people.But this dilemma can be solved by combining all sectors of agriculture,animal husbandry and tourism through their complementarity,i.e.by adopting integrated landscape ecosystem-based approaches.A number of experiences and lessons have been achieved in a specific sector for its successful development,but not in the multiple social,economic,and ecological systems.In this study,we use the perspective of integrated ecosystem management to strengthen crop-livestock integration and innovative livelihoods,and propose a multifunctional Kailash Landscape to activate the inter-linkage among agriculture,animal husbandry,and heritage pilgrimage/tourism in order to achieve multiple functions of the socio-ecological system.A case study of Kailash Sacred Landscape Conservation and Development Initiative in China was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by land use and land cover change and their consequences on multiple ecosystem services.Integrated landscape management was found to be effective in building resilience of socio-ecosystems by reducing the vulnerability of traditional agriculture in terms of improving crop production and animal husbandry.A multifunctional landscape is expected to be integrated and build a resilient sector complementarity including farming,pastorism,environmental and socioeconomic function.The analyses show that integrated landscape approaches provide an effective perspective for sustainable socio-economic development in this sacred landscape.The findings highlight the importance of landscape-scale ecosystem-based adaptation to environment change.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0604701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41991235)+1 种基金the Australian Research Council Future Fellowship(FT200100096)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China。
文摘自然对人类的贡献(nature’s contributions to people,NCP)是指大自然对人类生活质量的一切积极贡献和消极影响,分为10个调节型NCP、4个物质型NCP和4个非物质型NCP.但目前这些NCP的全球时空分布及其相互作用规律尚不清楚,直接制约了加强自然界多种有益贡献的生态系统管理实践.本研究构建基于指标体系的评价方法,结合生态系统演变、气候变化与人类活动全球尺度多源空间数据集,在全球范围内对1990~2018年所有18个NCPs进行空间制图,在15,204个流域单元上识别主导了NCP组合,并基于NCPs时空特征识别了全球景观变化的功能权衡关系和景观多功能性.结果表明,全球大部分NCPs的高值仅在局地出现.1992~2018年,6个调节型NCP、3个物质型NCP和2个非物质型NCP下降.29种调节型和物质型NCP组合(总共有54种组合)的主导流域占全球76%的陆地面积,而无NCP主导的流域占全球陆地面积的22%.NCPs变化的协同关系比权衡关系更为常见,但调节型和物质型NCP之间的关系普遍处于权衡状态.过渡气候地区的NCP相对少,并具有强烈的权衡关系;而低纬度地区NCPs之间的高度协同关系可能受到未来气候变化的影响.研究结果提供了对全球NCP空间变化规律的总体认知,可用于科学支撑区域景观功能的关系调控和景观多功能性提升,以增强全球人类福祉.
