Convenience rice has become widely popular due to its easy availability for cooking. This study investigated the starch structure and composition of leachate and the microstructure of reheated convenience rice using n...Convenience rice has become widely popular due to its easy availability for cooking. This study investigated the starch structure and composition of leachate and the microstructure of reheated convenience rice using novel processing technologies: super-heated steaming(SHS), auto-electric cooking(AEC), and pressurized-steam cooking(PSC). Additionally, the effect of two different target water contents(58% and 63%) was also evaluated. The PSC_63% sample had the highest total solids and amylopectin amount in the leachate. The amylopectin amount in the leachate differed significantly based on the targeted water content. Morphological characterization revealed that the swelling of starch and the coated layer on the surface of rice grains were most pronounced in the PSC_63% sample due to the pressure processing. The textural hardness of the AEC_58% sample was much higher than that of the other samples. The PSC_63% sample had the highest textural adhesiveness value, which can be attributed to the highest amylopectin amount in the leachate. Sensory characterization showed that the PSC_63% sample had the highest glossiness, whiteness, moistness, and overall acceptability. The principal component analysis score plots presented substantial differences in the leachate and textural and sensory characteristics of reheated convenience rice among the different processing technologies.展开更多
The recent GMP （good medical practice） rules actualisation and its requirements introduction widened the GMP guidelines for every life cycle of medicinal products, including the stage of processes scaling and techno...The recent GMP （good medical practice） rules actualisation and its requirements introduction widened the GMP guidelines for every life cycle of medicinal products, including the stage of processes scaling and technology transfer. This requires the technology transfer process to be regulated as the part of pharmaceutical quality system and the following development of corresponding written procedures. The following publication is dedicated to the development of TTP （technology transfer process） and its accessible graphic formalisation alongside the definition of main stages and possible procedures limited by the offered model. According to the actualized GMP rules, the technology transfer is an essential part of pharmaceutical quality system at a modem pharmaceutical company.展开更多
In order to promote the quality of brick tea and reduce its fluoride content, the fluoride contents in leaves of 25 tea varieties at the .stage of one bud and five leaves were determined by the method of fluodde-ion s...In order to promote the quality of brick tea and reduce its fluoride content, the fluoride contents in leaves of 25 tea varieties at the .stage of one bud and five leaves were determined by the method of fluodde-ion selective electrode method. The results showed that the fluodde contents in the 25 varieties were in the range of 181.92-345.06 mg/kg, end the fluoride content in ＇Zhongcha 302＇ was the lowest. Based on traditional production process of brick tea, 3 new low-fluoride brick tea production processes with ＇Zhongcha 302＇ as the raw material at the stage of one bud and five leaves were constructed. The fluoride content, physicochemical in- dex, sensory end main chemical contents in the brick tea samples were determined. The best processing process of Iow-fluodde brick tea was process 3, which included aldng, fixing, rolling, second fixing, second roiling, sun-drying, pile-fermentation, steaming, pile-fermentation, drying and shaping into brick by vapor treating. The re- sults showed that the fluoride content and physicochemical index of the brick tea sample of the third low-fluoride brick tea production process accorded with National Standard GB/T 9833.4-2013. The sensory evaluation of the brick tea sample was better than that of brick tea manufacture by the traditional process. The water extract, tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine and water-soluble sugar in the brick tea sample increased by 9.41%, 36.39%, 26.94%, 27.23% and 15.29%, respectively. Low-fluodds bdck tea could be produced by selecting low fluoride tea varieties, controlling the tondemess of fresh leaves, and optimizing the processing technique.展开更多
This study was undertaken to develop a numerical process that can be used as a quality criterion to determine the technological value of the Egyptian cotton varieties, which in turn would denote the end-use of their f...This study was undertaken to develop a numerical process that can be used as a quality criterion to determine the technological value of the Egyptian cotton varieties, which in turn would denote the end-use of their fibers. However the material used in the study comprised the 6 Egyptian cotton varieties Giza70, Giza80, Giza86, Giza88, Giza90 and Giza92. According to the local practice in Egypt, Giza70, Giza88 and Giza92 belong to the Extra-Long Staple (ELS) category, while Giza80, Giza86 and Giza90 are included under the Long Staple (LS) category. The regression analysis of the relationships between fiber properties and yarn skein strength (lea product) of the 2 carded ring counts 40 and 50 Ne, was employed to drive an equation for calculating the Multiplicative Analytic Hierarchy Process (MIAHP) values. The values of the MIAHP have been used as numerical determinations of the technological values of the Egyptian cotton varieties. Nevertheless, the findings of this study clarified that with respect to the criteria weights, the pair-wise comparisons denoted that fiber length properties of Egyptian cotton ranked first where they revealed the most dominant effect on yarn strength, while tensile properties ranked second with a relative weight close to that of fiber length. On the contrary, the relative weight of fiber fineness (micronaire reading) was found to be marginal. With regard to the relative weight of sub-criterion, the pair-wise comparisons indicated that the role of fiber tenacity as a determinant of yarn strength is much superior to that of fiber elongation. Further the global weights of the sub-criterion of fiber length pointed out that the UHML (upper half mean length) plays an important role in determining yarn strength of the Egyptian cotton comparing with either the UI (uniformity index) or the SFC (short fiber content). In conformity with the values of the MIAHP, it was found that in the order of descending rank, Giza88 ranked first, followed by Giza92, Giza70, Giza86, Giza80 and finally Giza90.展开更多
Pharmaceutical production is changing from batch production to continuous production,during which granulation is one of the most important unit operations.The quality of mass-produced products is traditionally guarant...Pharmaceutical production is changing from batch production to continuous production,during which granulation is one of the most important unit operations.The quality of mass-produced products is traditionally guaranteed by conducting off-line testing,which cannot meet the demand of continuous production for real-time monitoring of critical process parameters and critical quality attributes(CQAs)of the pharmaceutical granulation technology.Since the U.S.Food and Drug Administration proposed process analytical technology(PAT)in 2004,many PAT tools have been developed to monitor the granulation process and provide information regarding the granulation operation conditions and endpoint determination.In this article,we review the recent research and application of two PAT modes in the granulation process,namely,single CQA and multi-CQA PAT,with the aim to provide references for comprehensively improving the technological level of the pharmaceutical granulation process.Furthermore,the potential applications in traditional Chinese Medicine are discussed.展开更多
A rice mill survey covering diverse rice processing companies in terms of their milling output, type of technology and year of establishment was conducted to understand the current situation of the rice milling indust...A rice mill survey covering diverse rice processing companies in terms of their milling output, type of technology and year of establishment was conducted to understand the current situation of the rice milling industry and to identify enablers and barriers to its growth in Nepal. Coarse rice varieties dominate Nepal’s rice processing industry, with a 42% share by total weight, followed by medium rice (34%) and fine varieties (less than 7%). Polished white rice (<em>Arwa</em>) was the dominant rice type in Nepal in the survey, followed by parboiled and steamed rice. The price and profit margins increased from coarse to fine rice varieties and from <em>Arwa</em> to parboiled and steamed rice. The cost of milling also followed a similar trend. The rice milling industry in Nepal largely influences the adoption or non-adoption of any specific type of rice variety by dictating specific brands in the market and this has important implications for rice research and development. The rice processing industry of Nepal was unable to compete with the Indian rice milling industry because of: 1) low profit margins due to the high cost of rice production and procurement, 2) a lack of economies of scale, 3) a lack of milling technologies for long and extra-long and steamed rice in the country and a lack of investment to modernize rice milling technology, and 4) unavailability of paddy throughout the year locally. Millers were willing to upgrade their rice milling technology to include high throughput parboiling, steamed rice as well as long and extra-long grain rice. This will be a strategic decision in counteracting the ever-increasing rice imports in Nepal. We believe that the findings of the study will be vital for formulating an appropriate rice research, development and rice processing strategy for Nepal to achieve food and nutritional security and the Sustainable Development Goals.展开更多
Quality by Test was the only way to guarantee quality of drug products before FDA launched current Good Manufacturing Practice. To clearly understand the manufacture processes, FDA generalized Quality by Design(QbD) i...Quality by Test was the only way to guarantee quality of drug products before FDA launched current Good Manufacturing Practice. To clearly understand the manufacture processes, FDA generalized Quality by Design(QbD) in the field of pharmacy, which is based on the thorough understanding of how materials and process parameters affect the quality profile of final products. The application of QbD in drug formulation and process design is based on a good understanding of the sources of variability and the manufacture process. In this paper,the basic knowledge of QbD, the elements of QbD, steps and tools for QbD implementation in pharmaceutics field, including risk assessment, design of experiment, and process analytical technology(PAT), are introduced briefly. Moreover, the concrete applications of QbD in various pharmaceutical related unit operations are summarized and presented.展开更多
Quality by Test (Qb T) was the only way to guarantee the quality of drug products before FDA launches current Good Manufacturing Practice (c GMP)[1], which is an approach without clear understanding of the processes. ...Quality by Test (Qb T) was the only way to guarantee the quality of drug products before FDA launches current Good Manufacturing Practice (c GMP)[1], which is an approach without clear understanding of the processes. In order to solve this problem,FDA generalized Quality by Design (QbD) in the field of pharmacy (2)In pharmaceutical industry, Qb D brings cost-efficiency and simplicity of manufacturing process into reality.展开更多
Objective:A novel processing analytical framework of Chinese Material Medica (CMM) includes breeding process analysis,planting process analysis,producing process analysis and manufacture process analysis.In order to s...Objective:A novel processing analytical framework of Chinese Material Medica (CMM) includes breeding process analysis,planting process analysis,producing process analysis and manufacture process analysis.In order to study this framework,we used quality control of honeysuckle flower (Lonicerae japonicae Flos) including diploid and tetraploid Lonicera japonica,and wild honeysuckle flower (Lonicerae Flos) including Lonicerae hypoglauca,Lonicerae confusa,Lonicerae fulvotomentosa and Lonicerae macranthoides as an example.Methods:A total of 360 samples were analyzed from three variables including species,growing areas,and optimization of processing methods.For quantitative analysis,chlorogenic acid (CA),isochlorogenic acid A (3,5-DCA),and isochlorogenic acid C (4,5-DCA) were measured with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results:The three organic acids contents are higher in wild honeysuckle flower than honeysuckle flower;L.japonica (tetraploid) is higher than L.japonica (diploid).Modern processing methods (kill-enzyme torrefaction and fixing machine drying) are popular in growing areas and are superior to traditional methods (sun and shade drying).Conclusions:Novel process analysis concepts in processing analytical technology (PAT) enriched the Chinese MateHal Medica contents.展开更多
Thirty-five fruits and seventeen vegetables from Martinique were evaluated for total phenol content (TPC), Vitamin C and carotenoid content. TPC, Vitamin C and carotenoid contents ranged from 11.7 to 978.6 mg/100g, 0....Thirty-five fruits and seventeen vegetables from Martinique were evaluated for total phenol content (TPC), Vitamin C and carotenoid content. TPC, Vitamin C and carotenoid contents ranged from 11.7 to 978.6 mg/100g, 0.1 to 2853.8 mg/100g and 9.7 to 9269.7 μg/100g respectively. Fruits and vegetables from Martinique have equivalent or higher TPC, Vitamin C and carotenoid contents than fruits and vegetables from temperate climates. Cashew apple had high values for all three parameters (55.8 mg/100g of Vitamin C, 603 mg/100g of TPC and 924 μg/100g of carotenoids). Bassignac mango and mamey apple had the highest carotenoid contents, with 3800.3 and 3199.7 μg/100g respectively. Acerola had the highest Vitamin C and polyphenol contents with 2853.8 μg/100g and 727.4 mg/100g respectively. Pigeon peas had high values for all three parameters (569.2 mg/100g of Vitamin C, 978.6 mg/100g of TPC and 364.3 μg/100g of carotenoids). Pumpkin and watercress had the highest carotenoid content, with 9269.7 and 4339 μg/100g respectively. TPC, Vitamin C and carotenoid content were significantly impacted by processing techniques. TPC, Vitamin C and carotenoid contents decreased by up to 75.78%, 100% and 70.18% respectively, depending on the processing technique used.展开更多
基金supported by the High Value-added Food Technology Development Program in Korea (Grant No. 323002-4)the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Korea。
文摘Convenience rice has become widely popular due to its easy availability for cooking. This study investigated the starch structure and composition of leachate and the microstructure of reheated convenience rice using novel processing technologies: super-heated steaming(SHS), auto-electric cooking(AEC), and pressurized-steam cooking(PSC). Additionally, the effect of two different target water contents(58% and 63%) was also evaluated. The PSC_63% sample had the highest total solids and amylopectin amount in the leachate. The amylopectin amount in the leachate differed significantly based on the targeted water content. Morphological characterization revealed that the swelling of starch and the coated layer on the surface of rice grains were most pronounced in the PSC_63% sample due to the pressure processing. The textural hardness of the AEC_58% sample was much higher than that of the other samples. The PSC_63% sample had the highest textural adhesiveness value, which can be attributed to the highest amylopectin amount in the leachate. Sensory characterization showed that the PSC_63% sample had the highest glossiness, whiteness, moistness, and overall acceptability. The principal component analysis score plots presented substantial differences in the leachate and textural and sensory characteristics of reheated convenience rice among the different processing technologies.
文摘The recent GMP （good medical practice） rules actualisation and its requirements introduction widened the GMP guidelines for every life cycle of medicinal products, including the stage of processes scaling and technology transfer. This requires the technology transfer process to be regulated as the part of pharmaceutical quality system and the following development of corresponding written procedures. The following publication is dedicated to the development of TTP （technology transfer process） and its accessible graphic formalisation alongside the definition of main stages and possible procedures limited by the offered model. According to the actualized GMP rules, the technology transfer is an essential part of pharmaceutical quality system at a modem pharmaceutical company.
文摘In order to promote the quality of brick tea and reduce its fluoride content, the fluoride contents in leaves of 25 tea varieties at the .stage of one bud and five leaves were determined by the method of fluodde-ion selective electrode method. The results showed that the fluodde contents in the 25 varieties were in the range of 181.92-345.06 mg/kg, end the fluoride content in ＇Zhongcha 302＇ was the lowest. Based on traditional production process of brick tea, 3 new low-fluoride brick tea production processes with ＇Zhongcha 302＇ as the raw material at the stage of one bud and five leaves were constructed. The fluoride content, physicochemical in- dex, sensory end main chemical contents in the brick tea samples were determined. The best processing process of Iow-fluodde brick tea was process 3, which included aldng, fixing, rolling, second fixing, second roiling, sun-drying, pile-fermentation, steaming, pile-fermentation, drying and shaping into brick by vapor treating. The re- sults showed that the fluoride content and physicochemical index of the brick tea sample of the third low-fluoride brick tea production process accorded with National Standard GB/T 9833.4-2013. The sensory evaluation of the brick tea sample was better than that of brick tea manufacture by the traditional process. The water extract, tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine and water-soluble sugar in the brick tea sample increased by 9.41%, 36.39%, 26.94%, 27.23% and 15.29%, respectively. Low-fluodds bdck tea could be produced by selecting low fluoride tea varieties, controlling the tondemess of fresh leaves, and optimizing the processing technique.
文摘This study was undertaken to develop a numerical process that can be used as a quality criterion to determine the technological value of the Egyptian cotton varieties, which in turn would denote the end-use of their fibers. However the material used in the study comprised the 6 Egyptian cotton varieties Giza70, Giza80, Giza86, Giza88, Giza90 and Giza92. According to the local practice in Egypt, Giza70, Giza88 and Giza92 belong to the Extra-Long Staple (ELS) category, while Giza80, Giza86 and Giza90 are included under the Long Staple (LS) category. The regression analysis of the relationships between fiber properties and yarn skein strength (lea product) of the 2 carded ring counts 40 and 50 Ne, was employed to drive an equation for calculating the Multiplicative Analytic Hierarchy Process (MIAHP) values. The values of the MIAHP have been used as numerical determinations of the technological values of the Egyptian cotton varieties. Nevertheless, the findings of this study clarified that with respect to the criteria weights, the pair-wise comparisons denoted that fiber length properties of Egyptian cotton ranked first where they revealed the most dominant effect on yarn strength, while tensile properties ranked second with a relative weight close to that of fiber length. On the contrary, the relative weight of fiber fineness (micronaire reading) was found to be marginal. With regard to the relative weight of sub-criterion, the pair-wise comparisons indicated that the role of fiber tenacity as a determinant of yarn strength is much superior to that of fiber elongation. Further the global weights of the sub-criterion of fiber length pointed out that the UHML (upper half mean length) plays an important role in determining yarn strength of the Egyptian cotton comparing with either the UI (uniformity index) or the SFC (short fiber content). In conformity with the values of the MIAHP, it was found that in the order of descending rank, Giza88 ranked first, followed by Giza92, Giza70, Giza86, Giza80 and finally Giza90.
基金the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.82074276)Tianjin Science and Technology project(No.20ZYJDJC00090).
文摘Pharmaceutical production is changing from batch production to continuous production,during which granulation is one of the most important unit operations.The quality of mass-produced products is traditionally guaranteed by conducting off-line testing,which cannot meet the demand of continuous production for real-time monitoring of critical process parameters and critical quality attributes(CQAs)of the pharmaceutical granulation technology.Since the U.S.Food and Drug Administration proposed process analytical technology(PAT)in 2004,many PAT tools have been developed to monitor the granulation process and provide information regarding the granulation operation conditions and endpoint determination.In this article,we review the recent research and application of two PAT modes in the granulation process,namely,single CQA and multi-CQA PAT,with the aim to provide references for comprehensively improving the technological level of the pharmaceutical granulation process.Furthermore,the potential applications in traditional Chinese Medicine are discussed.
文摘A rice mill survey covering diverse rice processing companies in terms of their milling output, type of technology and year of establishment was conducted to understand the current situation of the rice milling industry and to identify enablers and barriers to its growth in Nepal. Coarse rice varieties dominate Nepal’s rice processing industry, with a 42% share by total weight, followed by medium rice (34%) and fine varieties (less than 7%). Polished white rice (<em>Arwa</em>) was the dominant rice type in Nepal in the survey, followed by parboiled and steamed rice. The price and profit margins increased from coarse to fine rice varieties and from <em>Arwa</em> to parboiled and steamed rice. The cost of milling also followed a similar trend. The rice milling industry in Nepal largely influences the adoption or non-adoption of any specific type of rice variety by dictating specific brands in the market and this has important implications for rice research and development. The rice processing industry of Nepal was unable to compete with the Indian rice milling industry because of: 1) low profit margins due to the high cost of rice production and procurement, 2) a lack of economies of scale, 3) a lack of milling technologies for long and extra-long and steamed rice in the country and a lack of investment to modernize rice milling technology, and 4) unavailability of paddy throughout the year locally. Millers were willing to upgrade their rice milling technology to include high throughput parboiling, steamed rice as well as long and extra-long grain rice. This will be a strategic decision in counteracting the ever-increasing rice imports in Nepal. We believe that the findings of the study will be vital for formulating an appropriate rice research, development and rice processing strategy for Nepal to achieve food and nutritional security and the Sustainable Development Goals.
基金financially supported by Talents Project of Liaoning Province, China (LR2013047)
文摘Quality by Test was the only way to guarantee quality of drug products before FDA launched current Good Manufacturing Practice. To clearly understand the manufacture processes, FDA generalized Quality by Design(QbD) in the field of pharmacy, which is based on the thorough understanding of how materials and process parameters affect the quality profile of final products. The application of QbD in drug formulation and process design is based on a good understanding of the sources of variability and the manufacture process. In this paper,the basic knowledge of QbD, the elements of QbD, steps and tools for QbD implementation in pharmaceutics field, including risk assessment, design of experiment, and process analytical technology(PAT), are introduced briefly. Moreover, the concrete applications of QbD in various pharmaceutical related unit operations are summarized and presented.
文摘Quality by Test (Qb T) was the only way to guarantee the quality of drug products before FDA launches current Good Manufacturing Practice (c GMP)[1], which is an approach without clear understanding of the processes. In order to solve this problem,FDA generalized Quality by Design (QbD) in the field of pharmacy (2)In pharmaceutical industry, Qb D brings cost-efficiency and simplicity of manufacturing process into reality.
基金Financial support of this work from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31370360 and No.81303218)National Science and Technology Support Programme(No.2011BAI07B07)Independent Subject of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(No:JYBZZ-7S016)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Objective:A novel processing analytical framework of Chinese Material Medica (CMM) includes breeding process analysis,planting process analysis,producing process analysis and manufacture process analysis.In order to study this framework,we used quality control of honeysuckle flower (Lonicerae japonicae Flos) including diploid and tetraploid Lonicera japonica,and wild honeysuckle flower (Lonicerae Flos) including Lonicerae hypoglauca,Lonicerae confusa,Lonicerae fulvotomentosa and Lonicerae macranthoides as an example.Methods:A total of 360 samples were analyzed from three variables including species,growing areas,and optimization of processing methods.For quantitative analysis,chlorogenic acid (CA),isochlorogenic acid A (3,5-DCA),and isochlorogenic acid C (4,5-DCA) were measured with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results:The three organic acids contents are higher in wild honeysuckle flower than honeysuckle flower;L.japonica (tetraploid) is higher than L.japonica (diploid).Modern processing methods (kill-enzyme torrefaction and fixing machine drying) are popular in growing areas and are superior to traditional methods (sun and shade drying).Conclusions:Novel process analysis concepts in processing analytical technology (PAT) enriched the Chinese MateHal Medica contents.
文摘Thirty-five fruits and seventeen vegetables from Martinique were evaluated for total phenol content (TPC), Vitamin C and carotenoid content. TPC, Vitamin C and carotenoid contents ranged from 11.7 to 978.6 mg/100g, 0.1 to 2853.8 mg/100g and 9.7 to 9269.7 μg/100g respectively. Fruits and vegetables from Martinique have equivalent or higher TPC, Vitamin C and carotenoid contents than fruits and vegetables from temperate climates. Cashew apple had high values for all three parameters (55.8 mg/100g of Vitamin C, 603 mg/100g of TPC and 924 μg/100g of carotenoids). Bassignac mango and mamey apple had the highest carotenoid contents, with 3800.3 and 3199.7 μg/100g respectively. Acerola had the highest Vitamin C and polyphenol contents with 2853.8 μg/100g and 727.4 mg/100g respectively. Pigeon peas had high values for all three parameters (569.2 mg/100g of Vitamin C, 978.6 mg/100g of TPC and 364.3 μg/100g of carotenoids). Pumpkin and watercress had the highest carotenoid content, with 9269.7 and 4339 μg/100g respectively. TPC, Vitamin C and carotenoid content were significantly impacted by processing techniques. TPC, Vitamin C and carotenoid contents decreased by up to 75.78%, 100% and 70.18% respectively, depending on the processing technique used.
