Land-use structure and physical,socio-economic impacts in China

Many approaches exist in the field of landuse change study but few of which is suitable for the quantitative analysis A statistical method named as canonical correlation analysis was used in this paper to analyze the relationship between landuse structure and physical, socioeconomic impacts It was found that geographic factors such as landform and humidity dominated the structure of land use in China in 1990 generally, and that for different regions or different categories of land use, the effet al of physical or human variables might differ I conclude that the statistical method makes a further step in quantitative landuse change study Canonical correlation analysis is very beneficial to the explanation of landuse structure distribution

SSTA SIGNAL CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS OVER THE INDIAN OCEAN DURING RAINY SEASON IN CHINA

The teleconnection distribution characteristics of sea surface temperature (SST) over the India Ocean and the precipitation during rainy season in China were studied by using the methods of EOF and CCA. The results indicate that the change of SST field will affect the change of rain belt during rainy seasons in China, and greatly affect the precipitation in northwest and southwest China, the Yangzi and Yellow River downstream basins. Strong signal phenomena of SSTA over India Ocean were revealed that showed the anoma-lous distribution of drought and flood in China. It shows that the precipitation during rainy seasons in China may be forecast by analyzing SST distribution characteristics over the India Ocean.

Bacterial diversity and community structure in the East China Sea by 454 sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene

The 454 sequencing method was used to detect bacterial diversity and community structure in the East China Sea. Overall, 149 067 optimized reads with an average length of 454 nucleotides were obtained from 17 seawater samples and fi ve sediment samples sourced in May 2011. A total of 22 phyla, 34 classes, 74 orders, 146 families, and 333 genera were identifi ed in this study. Some of them were detected for the fi rst time from the East China Sea. The estimated richness and diversity indices were both higher in the sediment samples compared with in the seawater samples. All the samples were divided by their diversity indices into four regions. Similarity analysis showed that the seawater samples could be classifi ed into six groups. The groups differed from each other and had unique community structure characteristics. It was found that different water masses in the sampling areas may have had some infl uence on the bacterial community structure. A canonical correspondence analysis revealed that seawater samples in different areas and at different depths were affected by different environmental parameters. This study will lay the foundation for future research on microbiology in the East China Sea.

Canonical corelation analysis to land-use structure and its driving forces——Taking Yulin Prefecture as an example

In this paper, one of the most classical statistical methods, Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is applied to identify quantitatively the driving forces of landuse structure in Yulin Prefecture. The main analysis is carried out through the software SPSS with the data on the level of towns and townships in 1992. The results indicate that landuse structure is determined by comprehensive action of different factors. Landuse structure with rural characteristics is mainly determined by geographical factors such as the elevation, temperature and precipitation, while the landuse structure with urban characteristics is mainly determined by demographic and socioeconomic conditions. At the same time, tests were carried out through the canonical correlation coefficient and redundancy analysis.

Systematic Analysis and Optimization of the Agricultural Structure in Ethnic Regions in Northwest Sichuan Province

Based on introducing the basic conditions of the ethnic regions in northwest Sichuan Province,the thesis analyzes its agricultural development status,which can be classified into two aspects--rich natural resources and slow agricultural economic growth.Through the analysis on the agricultural structure of northwest Sichuan Province,it is found that the production efficiency and economic benefits of crop planting in this region are low,animal husbandry,as a major industry in pastoral region,sees high production efficiency,the agricultural production is still at the resource-oriented stage;its agricultural structure is still the farming-pastoral structure relying mainly on animal husbandry,planting is dominated by crop planting and potato planting,animal husbandry mainly produces dairy and beef;the ethnic regions in northwest Sichuan Province is endowed with the advantages to grow crops,beans and fruits as well as to produce beef,mutton and milk,among which,three industries,say fruit,beef and dairy are with increasing location quotient and gradually strengthening industrial comparative advantage,while the location quotient of the other industries is declining and their industrial comparative advantages are more stable.In order to promote the agriculture in northwest Sichuan Province to develop in breadth and depth,the thesis proposes the following measures and suggestions:the first one is to adhere to the development strategy of modern animal husbandry;the second is to appropriately improve the proportion of economic crops;the third is to accelerate the development of green food processing industry.

Analysis on Industry Structure Adjustment and Energy Consumption Based on Grey Theory——A Case Study of Qinghai Province

In view of the complexity and non-linearity of energy consumption system and the status quo of the development of energy in Qinghai Province,the relations between energy consumption and industrial structure is analyzed by using the quantitative analysis of grey relation degree by using the grey system theory.The relevancy degree among the primary industry,the secondary industry and the tertiary industry and living energy consumption are obtained,and then the trend of energy consumption in the following several years can be predicted.The results show that the secondary industry has the largest relevancy degree to the total energy consumption.In the end,according to the results of the research,several suggestions on how to saving energy are put forward.Firstly,the government should improve the high-tech industry and restrict the development of high-consumption and high-pollution industries.Secondly,the government should promote the low-carbon way of life;promote energy saving and control the energy consumption of the department of life.Thirdly,clean production should be actively promoted in the tertiary industry and the circular economy should be vigorously expanded.

典型相关分析与结构方程模型方法的比较研究

典型相关分析(CCA)和结构方程模型(SEM)的应用日益广泛,但由于二者存在较大的相似性而常使研究者在使用过程中面临选择困难等问题,因而准确理解和区分二者之间的差异至关重要。文章基于SPSS和AMOS操作环境对典型相关分析和结构方程模型在函数式、基本图形、二阶因素、中介效应及使用条件等方面进行系统性比较,研究结果表明:(1)CCA可以进行线性组合计算,直接计算一个潜变量与另一组显变量的关系,能有效处理二阶因素计算问题。(2)SEM可以同时考虑多个潜变量之间的关系、计算和呈现误差方差和残差、准确地计算和展示中介效应、运用辅助性标准来判断模型适配度并通过调整变量之间的逻辑联系来修正模型,其输出结果全面而精确。(3)CCA适用于含有两个潜变量的简单模型,而SEM适用于含有多个潜变量的复杂模型。在特定条件下,可以结合使用CCA和SEM,或用CCA代替SEM。

The Relationship between Precipitation Heterogeneity and Meteorological Drought/Flood in China

In this study, we investigated the spatial and temporal characteristics of precipitation heterogeneity and meteorological drought/flood in China based on the precipitation-concentration degree （PCD） and the inte- grated meteorological drought index. We also studied the corresponding relationship between precipitation heterogeneity and meteorological drought/flood in China by using Spearman correlation analysis and canon- ical correlation analysis. The results show that： （1） The severity of meteorological drought/flood exhibited a spatial pattern of gradual change from Northwest to Southeast China. （2） With a higher PCD and a delayed precipitation-concentration period （PCP）, the drought severity was higher but the flood severity was lower. In contrast, with a lower PCD and an early PCP, the drought severity was lower and the flood severity was higher. （3） The correlation between meteorological drought/flood and PCD was significant. The higher the PCD, the longer the duration of drought and more frequently, the droughts occurred, and vice versa. It is concluded that PCD and PCP were significantly correlated with meteorological drought/flood in China.

青稞品种对青稞发酵酒营养与感官品质的影响

本研究以7种西藏特有的青稞品种及相应发酵青稞酒为对象,基于理化性质、营养、风味和感官等指标,采用典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis,CCA)和主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)等探究青稞品种与其发酵酒品质的关系。研究表明,与青稞原粮相比,青稞酒体氨基酸中必需氨基酸占比增加,可能是酿造过程中非必需氨基酸转化形成了必需氨基酸。CCA结果显示不同品种青稞原粮在总氨基酸、γ-氨基丁酸、β-葡聚糖和总多酚含量等方面具有一定相似性,但其营养结构的差异经微生物生物化学转化得以放大,为筛选青稞酒的优质品种提供了可能。通过青稞原粮及相应青稞酒中的蛋白质、氨基酸、γ-氨基丁酸和总多酚水平等营养指标分析初步优选出‘藏青2000’为酿酒青稞品种,其次是‘隆子黑’‘芶芝黑’‘藏青25’。结合青稞酒营养、风味和感官等多维度指标,最终确定‘藏青2000’为最佳酿酒青稞品种,其次为各具特色风味的‘芶芝黑’‘隆子黑’‘藏青25’。本研究可为我国青稞酒领域的发展提供参考。

湖南栎类天然次生林林分空间结构对林下幼树物种多样性的影响

【目的】林分空间结构是影响幼树物种多样性的重要因子之一,研究林分空间结构对林下幼树物种多样性的影响规律,可为提高生态系统结构的稳定性和进行合理的森林经营管理提供理论依据。【方法】在湖南省宁乡县青羊湖林场、郴州市五盖山林场、平江县芦头林场、益阳市龙虎山林场以及桑植县八大公山自然保护区内设置并调查了49块20 m×30 m的栎类天然次生林典型样地。以混交度、树冠指数、开敞度和聚集指数来描述林分空间结构,以Margalef指数、Auclair&Goff指数和Pielou指数来描述幼树物种多样性,采用Pearson相关分析、多元线性逐步回归法和典型相关分析3种方法探索乔木层空间结构对林下幼树物种多样性的影响规律。【结果】1)Pearson相关分析结果表明混交度对丰富度指数Margalef影响极其显著(P<0.01);对于均匀度指数Pielou指标,聚集指数对其有显著影响(P<0.05),混交度和树冠指数对其影响极显著(P<0.01);对于多样性指数Auclair&Goff指标,树冠指数对其影响显著(P<0.05),混交度对其有极显著影响(P<0.01);2)多元线性逐步回归分析结果表明,影响3个物种多样性指数的主导因子均为混交度和树冠指数;3)由典型相关分析结果得到,第一组典型相关变量关系数为0.6471(P<0.01),说明林分空间结构与幼树物种多样性在整体相关程度极显著,典型载荷分析结果指出,混交度和树冠指数是幼树物种多样性的关键因素;4)由上述3种统计方法的分析结果可知,混交度和树冠指数是影响湖南栎类天然次生林幼树物种多样性的主要驱动因子。【结论】混交度和树冠指数是影响湖南栎类天然次生林幼树物种多样性关键林分空间结构因子,因此可以通过调控树种混交程度和冠层结构改变林分结构的混交度和树冠指数,从而促进其天然更新,达到保护和丰富其幼树物种多样性的目的。

小麦冠层结构与产量及其构成因素的典范相关分析

选用 2 0个小麦品种 (系 ) ,采用典范相关分析方法 ,分析了小麦冠层结构与产量及其构成因素的相关性。结果表明 ,产量与其构成因素和植株特性呈显著相关 ,穗粒数和穗数对产量和单株产量的贡献均较大 ,干物重和株高对产量的贡献最大 ;叶长与产量呈显著相关 ,倒三叶长对产量的影响最大 ,对单株产量的影响 3片叶相近 ;茎壁厚、节间长与单株产量呈显著相关。产量构成因素与各冠层结构特性均存在显著的典范相关。茎壁厚和节间长与茎粗均相关显著 ;在叶片特性中 ,除叶宽与披垂度相关不显著外 。

洱海流域沿岸带石质基质上周丛藻类群落研究

2009年12月-2010年1月调查了云南洱海流域中洱海、西湖和茈碧湖沿岸带周丛藻类群落的物种组成、生物量、群落多样性以及水体理化因子，并运用典范对应分析（CCA）探讨了影响周丛藻类群落结构的主要环境因子．结果表明洱海周丛藻类优势种属是刚毛藻属、等片藻属、暗丝藻，而西湖和茈碧湖均以硅藻为主．洱海的周丛藻类生物量大于西湖和茈碧湖，最高值出现在洱海白族小庙（EH31），Chl—a达到78．71ug／cm2．洱海的绿藻密度也高于西湖和茈碧湖．茈碧湖的周丛藻类多样性最高，Shannon—wiener指数均值为2．47；西湖次之。Shannon—wiener指数均值为2．34；而处于流域下游的洱海沿岸带周丛藻类的耐污种数目增加，多样性最低．CCA结果表明水体中的NH4＋及TP浓度是影响洱海流域物种分布的主要环境因子．

东北过伐林灌木层物种多样性与林分因子的典型相关分析

研究林分特征尤其是经营上可以控制的因子对生物多样性的影响 ,将有助于制定合理的经营措施来维持和保护生物多样性 .本文作者以我国东北过伐林区 3种典型天然林类型为对象 ,采用典型相关分析方法 ,研究影响灌木层物种多样性的主要因子 .结果表明 :影响灌木层物种多样性的主要因子包括土壤含水率、树种多样性和林分密度 ;灌木层多样性组的变异被林分组第一典型变量解释的比例为 6 8.32 % ,仍有 31.6 8%的变异不能得到解释 .表 8参

三峡库区马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林林分结构特征对灌木层物种多样性的影响

林分结构特征对灌木层物种多样性有重要影响,对其之间关系进行研究,可为提高生态系统功能稳定性、进行合理的林分经营管理提供理论依据。以马尾松林为研究对象,采用多元逐步回归、因子分析和典型相关分析等方法分上林层、中林层和下林层研究林分结构对灌木层多样性的影响。结果表明:(1)Pearson相关分析结果表明,上林层是影响灌木层物种多样性的主要层次,而林分总体结构特征与灌木层物种多样性无显著性关系;(2)用13个林分结构参数和灌木层物种多样性各参数进行多元逐步回归,拟合方程都通过显著性检验,R2为0.246-0.630,且仅剔除了树高和大小比数2个变量而保留了其它11个林分结构变量,说明林分结构的综合作用对灌木层物种多样性有较大影响;(3)林分结构可分为3类,分别为林分竞争状况因子、水平结构及冠幅因子和垂直结构及生长因子;(4)上林层林分结构总体上与灌木层物种多样性之间存在着较强的相关性,典型相关系数为0.822(P=0.014),其中垂直结构及生长因子为主要影响因子,权重为0.962。在马尾松林中,上林层林分结构中的垂直结构与生长因子和灌木层物种多样性表现为正相关关系,在经营管理中,可通过调控上林层林木的胸径、冠长及冠层垂直结构等以达到提高林分灌木层物种多样性的目的。

中国汛期降水的印度洋SSTA信号特征分析

用EOF和CCA方法研究了印度洋海表温度距平场与中国汛期降水场的遥相关分布特征,结果表明:印度洋SSTA场与中国汛期降水场相关明显,海温场异常分布对中国汛期南北经向雨带的变化及中国西北、西南和长江黄河下游地区汛期旱涝的影响明显,揭示了中国汛期旱涝异常分布的印度洋海温变化的强信号现象,说明特定的印度洋海温分布可以作为中国汛期旱涝预报的强信号因子。

湖南栎类天然次生林林分空间结构对灌木物种多样性的影响

林分空间结构会显著影响其林下植被多样性,为明确其影响灌木物种多样性的关键因子,以栎类天然次生林为研究对象,利用Pearson简单相关分析、多元线性逐步回归法与典型相关分析探索乔木层空间结构与林下灌木物种多样性的相关关系,为保护林下植被多样性提供生态经营建议。以混交度、聚集指数和开敞度表达林分空间结构,以Margalef指数、Pielou指数和Auclair&Goff指数作为灌木物种多样性评价指标,利用3种统计分析方法分析两者之间的相关关系,研究结果表明:(1)Pearson相关分析结果显示混交度对灌木层Pielou指数和Auclair&Goff指数影响显著(P<0.05),其余指数均不显著;(2)多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示林下灌木物种多样性受到多个林分空间指标的综合影响,其中Pielou指数受到混交度、聚集指数和开敞度的显著影响,Auclair&Goff指数受到混交度与开敞度的显著影响;(3)典型相关分析结果显示,第一对典型相关变量通过显著性检验,典型相关系数为0.5427,林分空间结构与灌木层多样性指标两组变量在整体上相关性较强,其中混交度是影响力最大的变量。因此,欲提高栎类天然次生林下灌木物种多样性,应选择以调整树种结构为主,综合考虑林木空间分布格局的调整方案。

2014年夏季南海北部浮游植物群落结构

2014年8月20日—9月6日对南海北部（18°-22°N,114°-116°E）的11个站位进行了浮游植物群落结构的调查,其中2个站位为时间连续站。共鉴定出浮游植物4门68属229种（包括变种、变型及未定种）,其中硅藻门43属147种,甲藻门20属75种。浮游植物平均细胞丰度为16.318×10^3 cells/L,硅藻的平均细胞丰度为14.653×10^3 cells/L,占总丰度的89.80%,硅藻的分布决定了浮游植物的分布。近岸冲淡水含有丰富的营养盐,因此近岸海域的细胞丰度高于大洋海域,垂直分布表现出先增加后降低的趋势。本次调查的优势种为铁氏束毛藻（Trichodesmium thiebautii）、中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）、拟脆杆藻（Fragilariopsis sp.）、短孢角毛藻（Chaetoceros brevis）、菱形海线藻（Thalassionema nitzschioides）、柔弱伪菱形藻（Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima）、尖刺伪菱形藻（Pseudo-nitzschia pungens）、扁面角毛藻（Chaetoceros compressus）、洛氏角毛藻（Chaetoceros lorenzianus）以及海洋角毛藻（Chaetoceros pelagicus）,各优势种的分布趋势相似,呈现出近岸高于外海的趋势。Shannon-Weiner多样性指数与Pielou均匀度指数的平均值分别为2.37和0.56。浮游植物昼夜垂直变化明显。典范对应分析结果显示浮游植物空间分布主要受总氮盐、硅酸盐、微型浮游动物与盐度的影响。根据细胞丰度进行的站位的聚类分析显示浮游植物群落明显可划分为近岸群聚与大洋群聚。

我国西部地区芥菜型油菜农艺性状典型相关分析

[目的]探讨我国西部地区芥菜型油菜农艺性状间的相互关系,为西部地区芥菜型油菜育种提供科学依据。[方法]以39份西部地区芥菜型油菜材料为对象,运用典型相关分析方法,对其产量性状(5个变量)、主茎性状(6个变量)、分枝性状(3个变量)、角果性状(4个变量)4组生态性状(共含18个变量)间的典型相关关系进行了研究。[结果]西部地区芥菜型油菜单株产量主要靠每株有效角果数取胜,每株角果总数、每角果粒数、千粒重的影响不明显;影响西部地区芥菜型油菜产量性状最重要的性状是主茎性状,其次是分枝性状和角果性状;西部地区芥菜型油菜产量性状、主茎性状、分枝性状、角果性状4组性状间均有密切的联系。[结论]要提高我国西部地区栽培芥菜型油菜产量性状,重点要抓好主茎性状,其次是分枝性状和角果性状;要选择每株角果总数、每株有效角果数优良的油菜品种应重点从有效分枝数、株高、主花序角果数、主花序果柄数等性状方面选择,要选择每角果粒数、千粒重优良的油菜品种应重点从果喙长度等性状方面选择。

长江下游沿线土地利用区域结构演化分析

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