KINEMATIC WAVE PROPERTIES OF ANISOTROPIC DYNAMICS MODEL FOR TRAFFIC FLOW

The analyses of kinematic wave properties of a new dynamics model for traffic flow are carried out. The model does not exhibit the problem that one characteristic speed is always greater than macroscopic traffic speed, and therefore satisfies the requirement that traffic flow is anisotropic. Linear stability analysis shows that the model is stable under certain condition and the condition is obtained. The analyses also indicate that the model has a hierarchy of first- and second-order waves and allows the existence of both smooth traveling wave and shock wave. However, the model has a distinctive criterion of shock wave compared with other dynamics models, and the distinction makes the model more realistic in dealing with some traffic problems such as wrong-way travel analysis.

Wave propagation of the traffic flow dynamic model based on wavefront expansion

This paper discusses propagation of perturbations along traffic flow modeled by a modified second-order macroscopic model through the wavefront expansion technique. The coefficients in this expansion satisfy a sequence of transport equations that can be solved analytically. One of these analytic solutions yields information about wavefront shock. Numerical simulations based on a Padé approximation of this expansion were done at the end of this paper and results showed that propagation of perturbations at traffic flow speed conforms to the theoretical analysis results.

Three-stage approach for dynamic traffic temporal-spatial model

In order to describe the characteristics of dynamic traffic flow and improve the robustness of its multiple applications, a dynamic traffic temporal-spatial model(DTTS) is established. With consideration of the temporal correlation, spatial correlation and historical correlation, a basic DTTS model is built. And a three-stage approach is put forward for the simplification and calibration of the basic DTTS model. Through critical sections pre-selection and critical time pre-selection, the first stage reduces the variable number of the basic DTTS model. In the second stage, variable coefficient calibration is implemented based on basic model simplification and stepwise regression analysis. Aimed at dynamic noise estimation, the characteristics of noise are summarized and an extreme learning machine is presented in the third stage. A case study based on a real-world road network in Beijing, China, is carried out to test the efficiency and applicability of proposed DTTS model and the three-stage approach.

Continuum modeling for two-lane traffic flow with consideration of the traffic interruption probability

Considering the effects that the probability of traffic interruption and the friction between two lanes have on the car-following behaviour, this paper establishes a new two-lane microscopic car-following model. Based on this microscopic model, a new macroscopic model was deduced by the relevance relation of microscopic and macroscopic scale parameters for the two-lane traffic flow. Terms related to lane change are added into the continuity equations and velocity dynamic equations to investigate the lane change rate. Numerical results verify that the proposed model can be efficiently used to reflect the effect of the probability of traffic interruption on the shock, rarefaction wave and lane change behaviour on two-lane freeways. The model has also been applied in reproducing some complex traffic phenomena caused by traffic accident interruption.

A macroscopic traffic model based on weather conditions

A traffic model based on the road surface conditions during adverse weather is presented. The surface of a road is affected by snow, compacted snow, and ice, which affects the traffic behavior. In this paper, a new macroscopic traffic flow model based on the transition velocity distribution is proposed which characterizes traffic alignment under adverse weather conditions. Two examples are considered to illustrate the effect of the transition velocity behavior on traffic velocity and density. Simulation results are presented which show that this model provides a more accurate characterization of traffic flow behavior than the well known Payne-Whitham model. The proposed model can be used to reduce accidents and improve road safety during adverse weather conditions.

A novel macroscopic traffic model based on generalized optimal velocity model

In this paper, we adopt the coarse graining method proposed by Lee H K et al. to develop a macroscopic model from the microscopic traffic model-GOVM. The proposed model inherits the parameter p which considers the influence of next-nearest car introduced in the GOVM model. The simulation results show that the new model is strictly consistent with the former microscopic model. Using this macroscopic model, we can avoid considering the details of each traffic on the road, and build more complex models such as road network model easily in the future.

Bus frequency optimization in a large-scale multi-modal transportation system:integrating 3D-MFD and dynamic traffic assignment

A properly designed public transport system is expected to improve traffic efficiency.A high-frequency bus service would decrease the waiting time for passengers,but the interaction between buses and cars might result in more serious congestion.On the other hand,a low-frequency bus service would increase the waiting time for passengers and would not reduce the use of private cars.It is important to strike a balance between high and low frequencies in order to minimize the total delays for all road users.It is critical to formulate the impacts of bus frequency on congestion dynamics and mode choices.However,as far as the authors know,most proposed bus frequency optimization formulations are based on static demand and the Bureau of Public Roads function,and do not properly consider the congestion dynamics and their impacts on mode choices.To fill this gap,this paper proposes a bi-level optimization model.A three-dimensional Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram based modeling approach is developed to capture the bi-modal congestion dynamics.A variational inequality model for the user equilibrium in mode choices is presented and solved using a double projection algorithm.A surrogate model-based algorithm is used to solve the bi-level programming problem.

A new traffic model with a lane-changing viscosity term

In this paper, a new continuum traffic flow model is proposed, with a lane-changing source term in the continuity equation and a lane-changing viscosity term in the acceleration equation. Based on previous literature, the source term addresses the impact of speed difference and density difference between adjacent lanes, which provides better precision for free lane-changing simulation; the viscosity term turns lane-changing behavior to a ＂force＂ that may influence speed distribution. Using a flux-splitting scheme for the model discretization, two cases are investigated numerically. The case under a homogeneous initial condition shows that the numerical results by our model agree well with the analytical ones; the case with a small initial disturbance shows that our model can simulate the evolution of perturbation, including propagation,dissipation, cluster effect and stop-and-go phenomenon.

A new dynamics model for traffic flow

As a study method of traffic flow, dynamics models were developed and applied in the last few decades. However, there exist some flaws in most existing models. In this note, a new dynamics model is proposed by using car-following theory and the usual connection method of micro-macro variables, which can overcome some ubiquitous problems in the existing models. Numerical results show that the new model can very well simulate traffic flow conditions, such as congestion, evacuation of congestion, stop-and-go phenomena and phantom jam.

高速公路施工控制区动态交通流预测的LSTM-BiGRU-Attention模型

为提前准确预知高速公路施工控制区交通流变化趋势,解决交通流时间序列中的长期依赖问题,文中建立了高速公路施工控制区动态交通流预测的LSTM-BiGRU-Attention模型。首先,将预处理后的动态交通流数据集按时间步长顺序输入到LSTM网络,对交通流信息建模和学习。然后,引入BiGRU和Attention机制以更好地捕捉上下文信息和提供更具针对性的权重分配。最后,将构建的LSTM-BiGRU-Attention模型与其他模型进行交通流预测对比,评估模型性能。实验以G35济广高速公路某施工控制区交通运行情况为案例进行研究,结果显示该模型的平均绝对误差MAE为1.91,均方根误差RMSE为2.83,决定系数R^(2)为0.79,平均绝对百分数误差MAPE为3.23。对比其他模型,LSTM-BiGRU-Attention模型的4个评估指标均有所下降,说明该模型可为高速公路施工控制区提供更加精准的预测。

Lagrangian generic second order traffic flow models for node

This study sheds light on higher order macroscopic traffic flow modeling on road networks, thanks to the generic second order models （GSOM family） which embeds a myriad of traffic models. It has been demonstrated that such higher order models are easily solved in Lagrangian coordinates which are compatible with both microscopic and macroscopic descriptions. The generalized GSOM model is reformulated in the Lagrangian coordinate system to develop a more efficient numerical method. The difficulty in applying this approach on networks basically resides in dealing with node dynamics. Traffic flow characteristics at node are different from that on homogeneous links. Different geometry features can lead to different critical research issues. For instance, discontinuity in traffic stream can be an important issue for traffic signal operations, while capacity drop may be crucial for lane-merges. The current paper aims to establish and analyze a new adapted node model for macroscopic traffic flow models by applying upstream and downstream boundary conditions on the Lagrangian coordinates in order to perform simulations on networks of roads, and accompanying numerical method. The internal node dynamics between upstream and downstream links are taken into account of the node model. Therefore, a numerical example is provided to underscore the efficiency of this approach. Simulations show that the discretized node model yields accurate results. Additional kinematic waves and contact discontinuities are induced by the variation of the driver attribute.

Continuum modeling of freeway traffic flows:State-of-the-art,challenges and future directions in the era of connected and automated vehicles

Connected and automated vehicles(CAVs)are expected to reshape traffic flow dynamics and present new challenges and opportunities for traffic flow modeling.While numerous studies have proposed optimal modeling and control strategies for CAVs with various objectives(e.g.,traffic efficiency and safety),there are uncertainties about the flow dynamics of CAVs in real-world traffic.The uncertainties are especially amplified for mixed traffic flows,consisting of CAVs and human-driven vehicles,where the implications can be significant from the continuum-modeling perspective,which aims to capture macroscopic traffic flow dynamics based on hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations.This paper aims to highlight and discuss some essential problems in continuum modeling of real-world freeway traffic flows in the era of CAVs.We first provide a select review of some existing continuum models for conventional human-driven traffic as well as the recent attempts for incorporating CAVs into the continuum-modeling framework.Wherever applicable,we provide new insights about the properties of existing models and revisit their implications for traffic flows of CAVs using recent empirical observations with CAVs and the previous discussions and debates in the literature.The paper then discusses some major problems inherent to continuum modeling of real-world(mixed)CAV traffic flows modeling by distinguishing between two major research directions:(a)modeling for explaining purposes,where making reproducible inferences about the physical aspects of macroscopic properties is of the primary interest,and(b)modeling for practical purposes,in which the focus is on the reliable predictions for operation and control.The paper proposes some potential solutions in each research direction and recommends some future research topics.

Incident indicators for freeway traffic flow models

Developed in this paper is a traffic flow model parametrised to describe abnormal traffic behaviour.In large traffic networks,the immediate detection and categorisation of traffic incidents/accidents is of capital importance to avoid breakdowns,further accidents.First,this claims for traffic flow models capable to capture abnormal traffic condition like accidents.Second,by means of proper real-time estimation technique,observing accident related parameters,one may even categorize the severity of accidents.Hence,in this paper,we suggest to modify the nominal Aw-Rascle(AR)traffic model by a proper incident related parametrisation.The proposed Incident Traffic Flow(ITF)model is defined by introducing the incident parameters modifying the anticipation and the dynamic speed relaxation terms in the speed equation of the AR model.These modifications are proven to have physical meaning.Furthermore,the characteristic properties of the ITF model is discussed in the paper.A multi stage numerical scheme is suggested to discretise in space and time the resulting non-homogeneous system of PDEs.The resulting systems of ODE is then combined with receding horizon estimation methods to reconstruct the incident parameters.Finally,the viability of the suggested incident parametrisation is validated in a simulation environment.

An integrated approach for dynamic traffic routing and ramp metering using sliding mode control

The problem of designing integrated traffic control strategies for highway networks with the use of route guidance, ramp metering is considered. The highway network is simulated using a first order macroscopic model called LWR model which is a mathematical traffic flow model that formulates the relationships among traffic flow characteristics in terms of density, flow, and mean speed of the traffic stream. An integrated control algorithm is designed to solve the proposed problem, based on the inverse control technique and variable structure control（super twisting sliding mode）. Three case studies have been tested in the presence of an on-ramp at each alternate route and where there is a capacity constraint in the network. In the first case study, there is no capacity constraint at either upstream or downstream of the alternate routes and the function of the proposed algorithm is only to balance the traffic flow on the alternate routes. In the second case study, there is capacity constraint at downstream of alternate routes. The proposed algorithm aims to avoid congestion on the main road and balance the traffic flow on the alternate routes. In the last case study, there is capacity constraint at upstream of alternate routes. The objective of proposed algorithm is to avoid congestion on the main road and to balance the traffic flow on the alternate routes. The obtained results show that the proposed algorithms can establish user equilibrium between two alternate routes even when the on-ramps, located at alternate routes, have different traffic demands.

A Piecewise Switched Linear Approach for Traffic Flow Modeling

Traffic modeling is a key step in several intelligent transportation systems（ITS） applications. This paper regards the traffic modeling through the enhancement of the cell transmission model. It considers the traffic flow as a hybrid dynamic system and proposes a piecewise switched linear traffic model. The latter allows an accurate modeling of the traffic flow in a given section by considering its geometry. On the other hand, the piecewise switched linear traffic model handles more than one congestion wave and has the advantage to be modular. The measurements at upstream and downstream boundaries are also used in this model in order to decouple the traffic flow dynamics of successive road portions. Finally, real magnetic sensor data, provided by the performance measurement system on a portion of the Californian SR60-E highway are used to validate the proposed model.

基于三维宏观基本图的城市机非混行交通研究

为解决城市交通中机动车与非机动车混合行驶造成的交通拥堵,提出一种三维宏观基本图的理论分析方法,探究机动车与非机动车混行交通流的微观运行特征和宏观演化规律,揭示在非机动车干扰下交通拥堵的形成、传播和消散机理。先分别建立描述非机动车流的元胞自动机模型和机动车流的元胞传输模型,并借助非机动车越线次数函数将两个模型耦合;然后,在Simulink仿真平台上,运行该耦合模型以求得路网的三维宏观基本图,并以此分析非机动车驶入流量与路网平均流量、冲突次数三者间的相互关系;最后,提出提高路网硬隔离占比和加大非机动车道宽度的两种方法,借助三维宏观基本图来验证其缓解交通拥堵的效果。研究结果表明:三维宏观基本图的分析方法可量化机动车和非机动车冲突的影响,指导混行交通拥堵的治理,该结论为改善中国城市交通出行秩序和出行环境提供了参考。

THE RELATIONS BETWEEN MODEL PARAMETERS AND CERTAIN PHENOMENA IN TRAFFIC FLOW

Based on the dimensionless dynamic model of traffic flow, the modelparameters were compared with numerically simulating solutions, and the effects of the former on thelatter was investigated. Some relations between the parameters were obtained. Investigation severalidealized results from dimensionless dynamic model of traffic flow were concluded.

Study on the Reduced Traffic Congestion Method Based on Dynamic Guidance Information

This paper studies how to generate the reasonable information of travelers' decision in real network. This problem is very complex because the travelers' decision is constrained by different human behavior. The network conditions can be predicted by using the advanced dynamic OD(Origin-Destination, OD) estimation techniques. Based on the improved mesoscopic traffic model, the predictable dynamic traffic guidance information can be obtained accurately.A consistency algorithm is designed to investigate the travelers' decision by simulating the dynamic response to guidance information. The simulation results show that the proposed method can provide the best guidance information. Further,a case study is conducted to verify the theoretical results and to draw managerial insights into the potential of dynamic guidance strategy in improving traffic performance.

A NEW APPROACH TO MODELING OF TRAFFIC FLOW IN CITIES

Based on the properties of traffic, macroscopic dynamic equations are set up to simulate the flow of traffic. Besides relaxation term and compressibility term, a changeable area term is composed in the model to describe the effect of car parking, toll-booth, traffic incidents, road grading and bicycles on traffic flow. With numerical method, three cases are presented to simulate the changing lane area with time and space and the propagating process of high traffic density. The results show that the dynamic model can reasonably describe the evolution of traffic states in various complicated occasions.

高速公路交通流建模综述

交通流建模是智能交通自动控制、分析、设计、仿真和决策的前提 ,历来是交通工程界的一个重要的研究课题 ,分三条主线 (宏观交通流模型、微观交通流模型、其它交通流模型 )对交通流建模的发展做了详细介绍 。