The Use of Code-switching in English Foreign Language Classroom

people used to be negative on the use of code-switching in English foreign language classroom.However,more and moreresearches begin to argue that code-switching does have its practical significance.Some basic concepts of code-switching will first-ly be introduced in the article.Then,there is a literature review of the previous studies on the code-switching in English foreignlanguage class.By exposing detailed researches on it,some implications for teaching pedagogy will be explicated.From differentperspectives of the use of code-switching,this article aims to explore the necessity of code-switching in a context of foreign lan-guage teaching classroom by presenting some latest researches on it and reviewing different views on the use of code-switching inEnglish Foreign Language class.

On Some Properties of Graph of Prefix Code

We investigate decomposition of codes and finite languages. A prime decomposition is a decomposition of a code or languages into a concatenation of nontrivial prime codes or languages. A code is prime if it cannot be decomposed into at least two nontrivial codes as the same for the languages. In the paper, a linear time algorithm is designed, which finds the prime decomposition. If codes or finite languages are presented as given by its minimal deterministic automaton, then from the point of view of abstract algebra and graph theory, this automaton has special properties. The study was conducted using system for computational Discrete Algebra GAP. .

A Cross Language Code Security Audit Framework Based on Normalized Representation

With the rapid development of information technology,audit objects and audit itself are more and more inseparable from software.As an important means of software security audit,code security audit will become an important aspect of future audit that cannot be ignored.However,the existing code security audit ismainly based on source code,which is difficult to meet the audit needs of more and more programming languages and binary commercial software.Based on the idea of normalized transformation,this paper constructs a cross language code security audit framework(CLCSA).CLCSA first uses compile/decompile technology to convert different highlevel programming languages and binary codes into normalized representation,and then usesmachine learning technology to build a cross language code security audit model based on normalized representation to evaluate code security and find out possible code security vulnerabilities.Finally,for the discovered vulnerabilities,the heuristic search strategy will be used to find the best repair scheme from the existing normalized representation sample library for automatic repair,which can improve the effectiveness of code security audit.CLCSA realizes the normalized code security audit of different types and levels of code,which provides a strong support for improving the breadth and depth of code security audit.

The Appliance of Code Switching in the SM Language

Code-switching, a natural phenomenon that consists of alternating two or more languages in bilinguals' discourse, has traditionally been examined in its oral production. For over three decades, much attention has been emphasized on its form,meaning, and grammatical patterns. However, very little research focuses on code-switching in short message form. Code switching is a quite common phenomenon. As cell phones become the communication tools used by people more frequently, short message language(SM) attracts more attention by people. Through analyzing the code switching in the SM language, it will help us understand more about its use and explore more information for our study.

Attitudes of Second Language Learners towards Code-switching in L2 Classroom

This paper chiefly examines the attitudes of second language learners,specifically,Chinese postgraduate students studying in the UK,towards code-switching between English and Mandarin in group discussion in L2 classroom.Questionnaire is implemented as the data collection method and yields some corresponding findings based on research questions.Meanwhile,recent research on code-switching in classroom is introduced briefly.Moreover,limitations and pedagogical implication of the original research mentioned above are elaborated,as well as the implied future research is presented in this area.

Infant Cry Language Analysis and Recognition:An Experimental Approach

Recently, lots of research has been directed towards natural language processing. However, the baby's cry, which serves as the primary means of communication for infants, has not yet been extensively explored, because it is not a language that can be easily understood. Since cry signals carry information about a babies' wellbeing and can be understood by experienced parents and experts to an extent, recognition and analysis of an infant's cry is not only possible, but also has profound medical and societal applications. In this paper, we obtain and analyze audio features of infant cry signals in time and frequency domains.Based on the related features, we can classify given cry signals to specific cry meanings for cry language recognition. Features extracted from audio feature space include linear predictive coding(LPC), linear predictive cepstral coefficients(LPCC),Bark frequency cepstral coefficients(BFCC), and Mel frequency cepstral coefficients(MFCC). Compressed sensing technique was used for classification and practical data were used to design and verify the proposed approaches. Experiments show that the proposed infant cry recognition approaches offer accurate and promising results.

Totally Coded Method for Signal Flow Graph Algorithm

After a code-table has been established by means of node association information from signal flow graph, the totally coded method (TCM) is applied merely in the domain of code operation beyond any figure-earching algorithm. The code-series (CS) have the holo-information nature, so that both the content and the sign of each gain-term can be determined via the coded method. The principle of this method is simple and it is suited for computer programming. The capability of the computer-aided analysis for switched current network (SIN) can be enhanced.

Novel non-coherent integration method using binary phase-coded radar signal

The m series with 511 bits is taken as an example being applied in non-coherent integra- tion algorithm. A method to choose the bi-phase code is presented, which is 15 kinds of codes are picked out of 511 kinds of m series to do non-coherent integration. It is indicated that the power in- creasing times of larger target sidelobe is less than the power increasing times of smaller target main- lobe because of the larger target＇ s pseudo-randomness. Smaller target is integrated from larger tar- get sidelobe, which strengthens the detection capability of radar for smaller targets. According to the sidelobes distributing characteristic, a method is presented in this paper to remove the estimated sidelobes mean value for signal detection after non-coherent integration. Simulation results present that the SNR of small target can be improved approximately 6. 5 dB by the proposed method.

Initial orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites based on new code signals

For the two newly launched satellites(PRN number 27 and 28) of the future global BeiDou navigation satellite system(BDS-3), there is no available broadcast ephemeris data and other initial orbit information, but the initial orbit is the fundamental of the comprehensive analysis of the satellites and their signals. Precise orbit determination(POD) also requires determination of a priori initial value with a certain precision in order to avoid problems such as filter divergence during POD. Compared with the Newton iteration method, which relies on the initial value, this study utilizes the Bancroft algorithm to directly solve the nonlinear equations with the advantage of numerical stability. The initial orbits of these two satellites are calculated based on new code signals, and their results are analyzed and discussed. The experimental results show that, with the exception of very few epochs, when the new code signal is utilized, the median and robust variance factor of the observed residuals computed using pseudo-range observations and the solved initial orbits are less than 4 and 2 m, respectively. It also shows that this solution can be used for rapid initial orbit recovery after maneuvers of the new BeiDou satellites.

Implementation of a kind of FPGA-based binary phase coded radar signal processor architecture

A flexible field programmable gate array based radar signal processor is presented. The radar signal processor mainly consists of five functional modules： radar system timer, binary phase coded pulse compression（PC）, moving target detection （MTD）, constant false alarm rate （CFAR） and target dots processing. Preliminary target dots information is obtained in PC, MTD, and CFAR modules and Nios I! CPU is used for target dots combination and false sidelobe target removing. Sys- tem on programmable chip （SOPC） technique is adopted in the system in which SDRAM is used to cache data. Finally, a FPGA-based binary phase coded radar signal processor is realized and simula- tion result is given.

Recognition Method Based on Wigner-Hough Transform for Poly-Phase Code Radar Signal

In order to solve the recognition of polyphase code radar signal, this paper gives two methods based on Frank code, i.e. the high-order spectrum recognition method and the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) method, by analyzing the micro characteristics of polyphase code signals in time and frequency domain respectively. And a recognition algorithm based on Wigner-Hough transform (WHT) is developed in this paper. We verify the validity of each method by computer simulation and give relative merits and demerits. A set of results demonstrate that the algorithm based on Wigner-Hough transform has better recognition performance in low signal-to-noise (SNR) than others.

Efficient practical codebook-precoding MIMO scheme based on signal space diversity

A novel practical codebook-precoding multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） system based on signal space diversity（SSD） with the minimum mean squared error（MMSE）receiver is proposed.This scheme utilizes rotation modulation and space-time-frequency component interleaving.A novel precoding matrix selection criterion to maximize the average signal to interference plus noise ratio（SINR） is also put forward for the proposed scheme,which has a larger average mutual information（AMI）.Based on the AMI- maximization criterion,the optimal rotation angles for the proposed system are also investigated.The new scheme can make full use of space-time-frequency diversity and signal space diversity,and exhibit high spectral efficiency and high reliability in fading channels.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme greatly outperforms the conventional bit- interleaved coded modulation（BICM） MIMO-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM） scheme without SSD,which is up to4.5 dB signal-to-noise ratio（SNR） gain.

Polyphase coded signal design for MIMO radar using MO-MicPSO

A novel modified optimization technique known as the multi-objective micro particle swarm optimization（MO-MicPSO） is proposed for polyphase coded signal design.The proposed MO-MicPSO requires only a small population size compared with the standard particle swarm optimization that uses a larger population size.This new method is guided by an elite archive to finish the multi-objective optimization.The orthogonal polyphase coded signal（OPCS） can fundamentally improve the multiple input multiple output（MIMO） radar system performance,with which the radar system has high resolution and abundant signal channels.Simulation results on the polyphase coded signal design show that the MO-MicPSO can perform quite well for this high-dimensional multi-objective optimized problem.Compared with particle swarm optimization or genetic algorithm,the proposed MO-MicPSO has a better optimized efficiency and less time consumption.

ENERGY CALCULUSIN CHINESE LANGUAGE SEGMENTATION

Based on cognitive science, the EnergyCalculus in Chinese language segmentation was presented to eliminate segmentation ambiguity. The notion of “EnergyCost” was advanced to denote the extent of the under standability of a certain segmentation. EnergyCost function was defined with Z notation. This approcah is effective to all natural language segmentation.

Finite rate of innovation sparse sampling for a binary frequency-coded ultrasonic signal

To achieve sparse sampling on a coded ultrasonic signal,the finite rate of innovation(FRI)sparse sampling technique is proposed on a binary frequency-coded(BFC)ultrasonic signal.A framework of FRI-based sparse sampling for an ultrasonic signal pulse is presented.Differences between the pulse and the coded ultrasonic signal are analyzed,and a response mathematical model of the coded ultrasonic signal is established.A time-domain transform algorithm,called the high-order moment method,is applied to obtain a pulse stream signal to assist BFC ultrasonic signal sparse sampling.A sampling of the output signal with a uniform interval is then performed after modulating the pulse stream signal by a sampling kernel.FRI-based sparse sampling is performed using a self-made circuit on an aluminum alloy sample.Experimental results show that the sampling rate reduces to 0.5 MHz,which is at least 12.8 MHz in the Nyquist sampling mode.The echo peak amplitude and the time of flight are estimated from the sparse sampling data with maximum errors of 9.324%and 0.031%,respectively.This research can provide a theoretical basis and practical application reference for reducing the sampling rate and data volume in coded ultrasonic testing.

Arsenic effect of English on the Igbo language

Arsenic is a metallic-looking poisonous chemical substance, which is odourless and tasteless. It is used for the manufacture of insecticides and fungicides. Arsenic may be absorbed accidentally through ingestion （food poisoning）, inhalation （toxic air） and permeation of skin. It has been scientifically proved that as little as 20 milligrams of arsenic may be life-threatening. It attacks delicate internal organs of the body, thereby, leading to health disorders and eventual death. On the one hand, this paper is set out to prove that the English language exerts similar killing effects on the Igbo language. On the other hand, the author will suggest ways of salvaging Igbo people＇s mother tongue from such killing effects.

A Statistical Theory of Language Translation Based on Communication Theory

We propose the first statistical theory of language translation based on communication theory. The theory is based on New Testament translations from Greek to Latin and to other 35 modern languages. In a text translated into another language, all linguistic variables do numerically change. To study the chaotic data that emerge, we model any translation as a complex communication channel affected by “noise”, studied according to Communication Theory applied for the first time to this channel. This theory deals with aspects of languages more complex than those currently considered in machine translations. The input language is the “signal”, the output language is a “replica” of the input language, but largely perturbed by noise, indispensable, however, for conveying the meaning of the input language to its readers. We have defined a noise-to-signal power ratio and found that channels are differently affected by translation noise. Communication channels are also characterized by channel capacity. The translation of novels has more constraints than the New Testament translations. We propose a global readability formula for alphabetical languages, not available for most of them, and conclude with a general theory of language translation which shows that direct and reverse channels are not symmetric. The general theory can also be applied to channels of texts belonging to the same language both to study how texts of the same author may have changed over time, or to compare texts of different authors. In conclusion, a common underlying mathematical structure governing human textual/verbal communication channels seems to emerge. Language does not play the only role in translation;this role is shared with reader’s reading ability and short-term memory capacity. Different versions of New Testament within the same language can even seem, mathematically, to belong to different languages. These conclusions are everlasting because valid also for ancient Roman and Greek readers.

On Language—switching and its Functions

Language-switching is an important part of the study of code-switching. In this paper the author distinguishes code-switching from code-mixing first. Then the relationship between language-switching and borrowing is explained. At last, starting from the perspec tive of sociolinguistics, the author illustrates the special functions of language switching and the special effects and purpose that lan guage-switching can achieve.

“私教”还是“枪手”:基于大模型的计算机实践教学探索

以大模型为代表的新一代人工智能技术正深刻影响传统教学模式。在计算机实践教学过程中,如果大模型被合理应用,它可以充当学生的“私教”,辅助学生的个性化学习;否则大模型可能沦为学生完成作业的“枪手”,削弱学生的独立思考及实践能力。该文首先论述了计算机实践教学的层次,并分析了大模型对各个层次实践教学的正面和负面影响。然后,以“算法设计与分析”课程为案例,设计了面向算法设计实践的大模型应用模式,包括过程报告、逆向思考和集中考核等主要形式,初步应用结果表明,84.8%的学生在课程中使用大模型,其中51%的学生认可大模型的帮助作用,大模型应用显著提高了课程实践作业的完成度。

基于模型驱动的密码算法可视化开发平台研究

针对密码算法开发平台普适性差、无法跨平台的问题,本文采用模型驱动实现密码算法开发的方法,设计了一种基于模型驱动的密码算法可视化开发平台,提出了一种基于模型驱动的密码算法开发的领域语言—MCL密码元语言;实现了基于模型的代码生成器和代码映射器.实验证明,该开发平台仅需要开发者拖拽图形块的操作就可以实现密码算法模型的建立,然后平台可以根据建立的密码算法模型生成不同编程环境下的代码.平台实现了C和python的代码映射器模块,密码算法模型可快速映射为C、python代码.平台有较好的实用性,开发者的密码算法实现过程简洁、高效,不同编程环境下的代码均可以通过平台自动生成,提高了密码算法实现的跨平台性.