A great deal of research has been conducted on public language usage in Cameroon （Echu, 2003a, 2003b; Chumbow, 1996; Wolf, 2001） but very little has been done on advertising. Focus has been on administration, educat...A great deal of research has been conducted on public language usage in Cameroon （Echu, 2003a, 2003b; Chumbow, 1996; Wolf, 2001） but very little has been done on advertising. Focus has been on administration, education, and politics. Unlike in South Africa where the 11 official languages are accorded equal status and used in major sectors of the economy, in Cameroon, English and French dominate the landscape. Consequently, there is discontent among the speakers of the marginalized languages, who argue that the exclusive use of English and French accords these European languages unfair advantage. Leaving out their tongues denies them access to information and participation in economic development. This qualitative study examines the current state of advertising in Cameroon and South Africa using a questionnaire, interviews, and observations for data collection. The findings suggest that in order to improve relations between speakers of the indigenous languages in Cameroon, especially those who speak neither English nor French, and speakers of the official languages, advertising should include the use of the major indigenous languages, and perhaps Cameroon Pidgin English too. To affect equity, the hegemonic Cameroonian advertising should take a leaf from the dynamic multilingual practices of South African advertising.展开更多
With Adaptation Theory as its theoretical basis, this research makes comparison between Lisa See＇s original version of Snow Flower and the Secret Fan and Xin Yuanjie＇s Chinese translation based on a self-compiled ma...With Adaptation Theory as its theoretical basis, this research makes comparison between Lisa See＇s original version of Snow Flower and the Secret Fan and Xin Yuanjie＇s Chinese translation based on a self-compiled manual annotation English-Chinese bilingual corpus. It aims at exploring the choice of language and the choice of translation method in the foreign language creation and rootless back-translation of Snow Flower and the Secret Fan, discussing whether these choices adapt to the source language or the target language, and finding out the communicative effects they have achieved. The preliminary results show that： the choice of language and the choice of translation method in Foreign Language Creation mainly adapt to the target language to make easier for the target English readers to understand and partly adapt to the source language to keep local flavor; the choice of language and the choice of translation method in rootless back translation mainly adapt to the target language to make the translation authentic, accurate and smooth, and adaption to source language will lead to translationese. This research sheds new light on this special kind of writing and translation.展开更多
Language testing is very important and necessary,and moreover as we all know,nowadays,in English language testing, the muhiple-choice item is most widely used and many users regard the multiple-choice item as the most...Language testing is very important and necessary,and moreover as we all know,nowadays,in English language testing, the muhiple-choice item is most widely used and many users regard the multiple-choice item as the most flexible and probably the most effective of the objective item types.The multiple-choice item has its characteristics,advantages and disadvantages.We should bring out its strengths to make up for its weaknesses and use it appropriately.Although it has its limitations,it is suitable for large-scale tests and tests dealing with wide-range knowledge.We should correctly ap- ply testing principles and methods in order to make testing more effective and reliable.展开更多
The use of French in medieval England started with the arrival of the Norman conquerors. The disuse of French, then, was noticed more than three hundred years later. A variety of changes, either political economica...The use of French in medieval England started with the arrival of the Norman conquerors. The disuse of French, then, was noticed more than three hundred years later. A variety of changes, either political economical or social had contributed to the use and disuse of French. These changes were slow and sometimes overlapping during this process. The total replacement of French by English still had a long way to go by the end of the medieval time. This article intends to outline a picture in which French stepped in and faded out in medieval England and highlight the true message behind this linguistic competition.展开更多
文摘A great deal of research has been conducted on public language usage in Cameroon （Echu, 2003a, 2003b; Chumbow, 1996; Wolf, 2001） but very little has been done on advertising. Focus has been on administration, education, and politics. Unlike in South Africa where the 11 official languages are accorded equal status and used in major sectors of the economy, in Cameroon, English and French dominate the landscape. Consequently, there is discontent among the speakers of the marginalized languages, who argue that the exclusive use of English and French accords these European languages unfair advantage. Leaving out their tongues denies them access to information and participation in economic development. This qualitative study examines the current state of advertising in Cameroon and South Africa using a questionnaire, interviews, and observations for data collection. The findings suggest that in order to improve relations between speakers of the indigenous languages in Cameroon, especially those who speak neither English nor French, and speakers of the official languages, advertising should include the use of the major indigenous languages, and perhaps Cameroon Pidgin English too. To affect equity, the hegemonic Cameroonian advertising should take a leaf from the dynamic multilingual practices of South African advertising.
文摘With Adaptation Theory as its theoretical basis, this research makes comparison between Lisa See＇s original version of Snow Flower and the Secret Fan and Xin Yuanjie＇s Chinese translation based on a self-compiled manual annotation English-Chinese bilingual corpus. It aims at exploring the choice of language and the choice of translation method in the foreign language creation and rootless back-translation of Snow Flower and the Secret Fan, discussing whether these choices adapt to the source language or the target language, and finding out the communicative effects they have achieved. The preliminary results show that： the choice of language and the choice of translation method in Foreign Language Creation mainly adapt to the target language to make easier for the target English readers to understand and partly adapt to the source language to keep local flavor; the choice of language and the choice of translation method in rootless back translation mainly adapt to the target language to make the translation authentic, accurate and smooth, and adaption to source language will lead to translationese. This research sheds new light on this special kind of writing and translation.
文摘Language testing is very important and necessary,and moreover as we all know,nowadays,in English language testing, the muhiple-choice item is most widely used and many users regard the multiple-choice item as the most flexible and probably the most effective of the objective item types.The multiple-choice item has its characteristics,advantages and disadvantages.We should bring out its strengths to make up for its weaknesses and use it appropriately.Although it has its limitations,it is suitable for large-scale tests and tests dealing with wide-range knowledge.We should correctly ap- ply testing principles and methods in order to make testing more effective and reliable.
文摘The use of French in medieval England started with the arrival of the Norman conquerors. The disuse of French, then, was noticed more than three hundred years later. A variety of changes, either political economical or social had contributed to the use and disuse of French. These changes were slow and sometimes overlapping during this process. The total replacement of French by English still had a long way to go by the end of the medieval time. This article intends to outline a picture in which French stepped in and faded out in medieval England and highlight the true message behind this linguistic competition.
