In the field of second language acquisition, an increasing amount of research has been conducted on learner＇s beliefs. Few empirical studies, however, have been focused on students＇ conceptions of learning English ...In the field of second language acquisition, an increasing amount of research has been conducted on learner＇s beliefs. Few empirical studies, however, have been focused on students＇ conceptions of learning English （COLE）. This study aims to assess conceptions of learning particularly in the domain of English. Data were collected through the COLE questionnaire among 284 college students in China. Seven factors of COLE are identified, such as ＂memorizing＂, ＂testing＂, ＂drill and practice＂, ＂increasing knowledge＂, ＂understanding＂, ＂application＂, and ＂seeing in a new way＂. These findings also provide some pedagogical implications for English language instructors and researchers.展开更多
Description logics （DLs） are widely employed in recent semantic web application systems. However, classical description logics are limited when dealing with imprecise concepts and roles, thus providing the motivatio...Description logics （DLs） are widely employed in recent semantic web application systems. However, classical description logics are limited when dealing with imprecise concepts and roles, thus providing the motivation for this work. In this paper, we present a type-2 fuzzy attributive concept language with complements （ALC） and provide its knowledge representation and reasoning algorithms. We also propose type-2 fuzzy web ontology language （OWL） to build a fuzzy ontology based on type- 2 fuzzy ALC and analyze the soundness, completeness, and complexity of the reasoning algorithms. Compared to type-1 fuzzy ALC, type-2 fuzzy ALC can describe imprecise knowledge more meticulously by using the membership degree interval. We implement a semantic search engine based on type-2 fuzzy ALC and carry out experiments on real data to test its performance. The results show that the type-2 fuzzy ALC can improve the precision and increase the number of relevant hits for imprecise information searches.展开更多
文摘In the field of second language acquisition, an increasing amount of research has been conducted on learner＇s beliefs. Few empirical studies, however, have been focused on students＇ conceptions of learning English （COLE）. This study aims to assess conceptions of learning particularly in the domain of English. Data were collected through the COLE questionnaire among 284 college students in China. Seven factors of COLE are identified, such as ＂memorizing＂, ＂testing＂, ＂drill and practice＂, ＂increasing knowledge＂, ＂understanding＂, ＂application＂, and ＂seeing in a new way＂. These findings also provide some pedagogical implications for English language instructors and researchers.
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 60873225, 60873083, and 70771043）, the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （2007AA01Z403）, the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province （2009CDB298）, the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province for Distinguished Young Scholars （2008CDB351）, the Wuhan Youth Science and Technology Chenguang Program （200950431171）, the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering （SKLSE20080718）, the Innovation Fund of Huazhong University of Science and Technology （2010MS068, Q2009021）.
文摘Description logics （DLs） are widely employed in recent semantic web application systems. However, classical description logics are limited when dealing with imprecise concepts and roles, thus providing the motivation for this work. In this paper, we present a type-2 fuzzy attributive concept language with complements （ALC） and provide its knowledge representation and reasoning algorithms. We also propose type-2 fuzzy web ontology language （OWL） to build a fuzzy ontology based on type- 2 fuzzy ALC and analyze the soundness, completeness, and complexity of the reasoning algorithms. Compared to type-1 fuzzy ALC, type-2 fuzzy ALC can describe imprecise knowledge more meticulously by using the membership degree interval. We implement a semantic search engine based on type-2 fuzzy ALC and carry out experiments on real data to test its performance. The results show that the type-2 fuzzy ALC can improve the precision and increase the number of relevant hits for imprecise information searches.
