From a linguistic point of view, all English dialects are‘equally complex, structured and valid linguistic systems'(Trudgill,1992:26) while non-linguists may find it hard to accept, as they are not holding lingui...From a linguistic point of view, all English dialects are‘equally complex, structured and valid linguistic systems'(Trudgill,1992:26) while non-linguists may find it hard to accept, as they are not holding linguistic attitudes but social language attitudes, which are based on their social and cultural values. The relevant researches on language attitudes show how subjective is language attitudes and the reasons behind that is analysed. The study is significant in that it helps us to understand the factors that influences the language attitudes such identities, personal experience and contexts.展开更多
Worldwide,there has been a number of researchers studying how children acquire two or more languages since bilingualism or multilingualism were increasingly prevalent.China,a monolingual culture is a late participant ...Worldwide,there has been a number of researchers studying how children acquire two or more languages since bilingualism or multilingualism were increasingly prevalent.China,a monolingual culture is a late participant engaged in the field of bilingualism studies.Recent years witnessed a growing number of Chinese parents who attempted to raise their children bilingual by speaking English to them at home,however,relevant research on bilingualism acquisition in China lagged behind.This article reviews existing studies on early child bilingualism acquisition and bilingual parenting,displays language context in China,and explores solutions to difficulties Chinese parents face.Different from their counterparts in culturally diverse context,these Chinese parents living in a monolingual environment were confronted with unique and more challenges:the quality of English they speak as a second language to children;the quantity of English input;the monolingual environment in China;and resistance to English by children.Solutions are proposed to tackle these issues respectively.展开更多
In this paper we proved that the function class CFRF and its proper subclass CFPRF are respectively the partial recursive functions and primitive recursive functions of context free languages (CFLs). Also we discussed...In this paper we proved that the function class CFRF and its proper subclass CFPRF are respectively the partial recursive functions and primitive recursive functions of context free languages (CFLs). Also we discussed the relation between them and recursive functions defined on other domains . It is indicated that the functions of natural numbers and/or symbol strings (words) are functions of CFLs. Several frequently used primitive recursive functions on words were given, including logical connectives, conditional expressions. Also the powerful operators (bounded maximization and minimization operators) for constructing primitive recursive functions were defined. Two important nontrivial algorithms, the characteristic function of arbitrary CFL and the parse function of CFL sentences were constructed. Based on them, the method for extending or restricting function domain was described.展开更多
It is intended to establish the recursive function theory on context free languages (CFLs). In this paper, the function class CFRF and its proper subclass CFPRF were defined on CFLs; it is quite straightforward to use...It is intended to establish the recursive function theory on context free languages (CFLs). In this paper, the function class CFRF and its proper subclass CFPRF were defined on CFLs; it is quite straightforward to use them for describing non-numerical algorithms. In fact, they are respectively the partial recursive functions and primitive recursive functions of context free languages. The structure induction method for proving CFPRF function properties was presented. A method for CFL sentence enumeration was given, the minimization operator was defined. Based on CFL sentence enumeration, the minimization operator evaluation method was given. Finally, the design and implementation principles of executable specification languages with the CFRF as theoretical basis were discussed.展开更多
文摘From a linguistic point of view, all English dialects are‘equally complex, structured and valid linguistic systems'(Trudgill,1992:26) while non-linguists may find it hard to accept, as they are not holding linguistic attitudes but social language attitudes, which are based on their social and cultural values. The relevant researches on language attitudes show how subjective is language attitudes and the reasons behind that is analysed. The study is significant in that it helps us to understand the factors that influences the language attitudes such identities, personal experience and contexts.
文摘Worldwide,there has been a number of researchers studying how children acquire two or more languages since bilingualism or multilingualism were increasingly prevalent.China,a monolingual culture is a late participant engaged in the field of bilingualism studies.Recent years witnessed a growing number of Chinese parents who attempted to raise their children bilingual by speaking English to them at home,however,relevant research on bilingualism acquisition in China lagged behind.This article reviews existing studies on early child bilingualism acquisition and bilingual parenting,displays language context in China,and explores solutions to difficulties Chinese parents face.Different from their counterparts in culturally diverse context,these Chinese parents living in a monolingual environment were confronted with unique and more challenges:the quality of English they speak as a second language to children;the quantity of English input;the monolingual environment in China;and resistance to English by children.Solutions are proposed to tackle these issues respectively.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 69873042) .
文摘In this paper we proved that the function class CFRF and its proper subclass CFPRF are respectively the partial recursive functions and primitive recursive functions of context free languages (CFLs). Also we discussed the relation between them and recursive functions defined on other domains . It is indicated that the functions of natural numbers and/or symbol strings (words) are functions of CFLs. Several frequently used primitive recursive functions on words were given, including logical connectives, conditional expressions. Also the powerful operators (bounded maximization and minimization operators) for constructing primitive recursive functions were defined. Two important nontrivial algorithms, the characteristic function of arbitrary CFL and the parse function of CFL sentences were constructed. Based on them, the method for extending or restricting function domain was described.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 69873042) .
文摘It is intended to establish the recursive function theory on context free languages (CFLs). In this paper, the function class CFRF and its proper subclass CFPRF were defined on CFLs; it is quite straightforward to use them for describing non-numerical algorithms. In fact, they are respectively the partial recursive functions and primitive recursive functions of context free languages. The structure induction method for proving CFPRF function properties was presented. A method for CFL sentence enumeration was given, the minimization operator was defined. Based on CFL sentence enumeration, the minimization operator evaluation method was given. Finally, the design and implementation principles of executable specification languages with the CFRF as theoretical basis were discussed.