A Brief Analysis of the Key Points to Avoid Misunderstanding and Inappropriate Language Expressions in Business Communication

Opportunities for business cooperation have been increased dramatically in the new environment, and under such circumstance, language usage in business communication places a significant role, particularly in oral business language. To promote harmonious conversations, certain factors and manners of communication like paying attention to the cultural differences, the proper use of humor, mutual understanding, and the avoidance of misunderstanding ambiguity should be taken into consideration to avoid an unsuccessful result.

3D printed triboelectric nanogenerator as self-powered human–machine interactive sensor for breathing-based language expression

Human–machine interfaces(HMIs)are important windows for a human to communicate with the outside world.The current HMI devices such as cellphones,tablets,and computers can be used to help people with aphasia for language expression.However,these conventional HMI devices are not friendly to some particular groups who also lose their abilities of physical movements like in the intensive care unit(ICU)or vegetative patients to realize language expression.Herein,we report a breath-driven triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)acting as a HMI sensor for language expression through human breathing without voice controls or manual operations.The TENG is integrated within a mask and fabricated via a three-dimensional(3D)printing method.When wearing the mask,the TENG can produce responsive electric signals corresponding to the airflow from breathing,which is capable of recognizing human breathing types with different intensities,lengths,and frequencies.On the basis of the breathing recognition ability,a breathing-based language expressing system is further developed through introducing the Morse code as a communication protocol.Compared with conventional language expressing devices,this system can extract subjective information of a person from breathing behaviors and output corresponding language text,which is not relying on voices or physical movements.This research for the first time introduces the self-powered breathing-based language expressing method to the field of HMI technology by using a 3D printed TENG,and could make HMI interactions become more friendly and fascinating.

New Perspectives of Stylistic Study

As an open and ever-developing discipline with its integrated theoretical system and applied principles, stylistics is exerting a stronger influence on more fields. The author here attempts to talk about the studies of stylistics from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, applied linguistics, corpus linguistics and pragmatics respectively to make a presentation of its great vitality.

Neuroimaging studies of bilingual expressive language representation in the brain:potential applications for magnetoencephalography

Bilingualism is the ability to use two or more languages with equal or near equal fluency. How the brain, often seamlessly, selects, controls, and switches between languages is an enigma. Neuroimaging studies offer the unique opportunity to probe the mechanisms underlying bilingual brain function. Non-invasive methods, in particular, functional MRI （fMRI） and event-related potentials （ERPs）, have allowed examination in healthy control populations. Whole-head magnetoencephalography （MEG）, a relatively new addition to the cadre of neuroimaging tools, offers a combination of the high spatial resolution of fMRI with the high temporal resolution of ERPs. Thus far, MEG has been applied to the studies of bilingual receptive language, or bilingual language comprehension. MEG has not yet been applied to the study of bilingual language production as such studies have faced more challenges （see Salmelin, 2007 for a review）, and these have only recently been addressed. Here, we review the literature on MEG expressive language studies and point out a direction for the application of MEG to the study of bilingual language production.