A Study on the Effects of Different Interaction Combinations and Language Levels on Continuous Writing in Online Environments

This study was conducted with non-English sophomore students,aiming to explore the effects of different interaction combinations and language levels on continuous writing in an online environment,and compare the differences in lexical alignments and composition quality of learners with different interaction combinations and language levels in the same continuous writing task through experiments.The results show that the mean values of the word-phrase alignment of the paired group were higher than those of the individual group in different interaction combinations,and the two groups showed significant differences;in terms of composition quality,the individual group was better than the paired group,but there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of task continuation.Secondly,the word-phrase alignment and composition scores of the different language-level groups were higher than those of the same language-level groups,and there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of word-phrase alignments,but not in terms of composition scores.The results of this study can be useful and informative for second language teachers in future continuous teaching in online environments.

The Image of an Addressee in Translational Discourse： Exemplified by the Texts Translated From Slovenian Language

Translational discourse requires at least three participants, therefore it is suggested to consider the universal model of the picture of the world, according to which it is much easier for a translator to combine the pictures of the world of an addressee and an author. An addressee is a mental image existing in the mind of an addresser during the creative process. Having defined its parameters, a translator has an opportunity to deliver the thought of an addresser to an addressee as accurately as possible and to select the means of expression that are clear to an addressee. The type of an addressee correlates with ＂the relation to the new＂.

Self-development of the Teachers and Improvement on EnglishTeaching

For a long time, there have been extensive and deep studies and researches about how to upgrade the level of language education in universities. Now people have realized that the key factor that influences the language education most is teachers＇ self-development and the promotion of teachers＇ personalities. A new teaching concept -- reflective teaching has become very popular in the educational circles. It emphasizes that students should become positive and active learners while teachers should bear more dynamic and capacities for self-development.

High Level Languages Implementation and Analysis of 3D Navier-Stokes Solvers

In this work we introduce PRIN-3D(PRoto-code for Internal flows modeled by Navier-Stokes equations in 3-Dimensions),a new high level algebraic language(Matlab^(■))based code,by discussing some fundamental aspects regarding its basic solving kernel and by describing the design of an innovative advection scheme.The main focus was on designing a memory and computationally efficient code that,due to the typical conciseness of the Matlab coding language,could allow for fast and effective implementation of new models or algorithms.Innovative numerical methods are discussed in the paper.The pressure equation is derived with a quasi-segregation technique leading to an iterative scheme obtained within the framework of a global preconditioning procedure.Different levels of parallelization are obtainable by exploiting special pressure variable ordering patterns that lead to a block-structured Poisson-like matrix.Moreover,the new advection scheme has the potential of a controllable artificial diffusivity.Preliminary results are shown including a fully three-dimensional internal laminar flow evolving in a relatively complex geometry and a 3D methane-air flame simulated with the aid of libraries based on the Flamelet model.

The Effect of Background Knowledge on EFL Learners＇ Reading Comprehension

Schema is known to play an important role in reading comprehension. The schema embodying the learners background knowledge of cultural familiar materials facilitates the understanding of the text （Pritchard, 1990）. Also Steffensen, Joag-Dev, and Anderson （1979） and Nelson （1987） proposed that the schemata embodying background knowledge influenced how well the text would be comprehended. However, Hudson （1982） and Carrell （1984） found there was no significant background effect in advanced level learners. From those studies, it seems that background effect is different at different language proficiency levels. Thus, the present study examines the interaction between background knowledge and language proficiency in reading comprehension. The participants were freshmen of National Chiayi University. They were divided into three language proficiency levels based on the General English Proficiency Test. Four reading comprehension tests were constructed to assess their reading comprehension： cultural familiar/unfamiliar text and topic familiar/unfamiliar text. The results of this study showed that participants had better performance on the culture/topic familiar text than the culture/topic unfamiliar text. Thus the findings suggest that the teacher can use teaching activities, such as pre-reading activities or vocabulary teaching to increase the background knowledge when teaching readings to EFL （English as a foreign language） learners

DEVELOPING LEARNERS' LANGUAGE AWARENESS: A NEW APPROACH TO LANGUAGE LEARNING AT THE TERTIARY LEVEL

This paper presents some practical language awareness activities, and discusses ways of implementing them in the tertiary ELT classroom. 1. Sample language awareness activities in vocabulary learning LANGUAGE awareness, as an approach, can be applied in all aspects of English language study: phonol-

COMPREHENSION OF L2 IDIOMS BY CHINESE EFL LEARNERS——EFFECTS OF IDIOM TYPE AND PROFICIENCY LEVEL

The study investigates: (1) how different idiom types, classified on the basis of a cross-linguistic comparison of Chinese and English idioms in terms of conceptual basis, affect English idiom comprehension as revealed from both the general performance and the on-line processing strategies adopted by Chinese EFL learners at different proficiency levels, and (2) to what extent can the observed learner behavior be accounted for within the theoretical framework of idiom comprehension. The study has provided empirical evidence for the configuration hypothesis of idiom comprehension.

DESIGN AND STUDY OF SHADOWNET-BASED BICULTURAL COMMUNICATION MODE

A ShadowNet-based communication mode was designed,and some related activities planned and carried out,for an experimental cooperative project between two universities in China and the US.The students' post-survey results from both parties were analyzed and compared and it appeared that the ShadowNet system helped the students improve the following:an awareness of cultural difference,an openness toward cultural diversity,and a deeper appreciation for the significance of cultural identity in language learning and teaching.It also facilitated some direct improvements in the language acquisition of the Chinese ESL learners and the teaching ability of their American counter-parts.

Formal verification with HiLLS-specified models:A further step in multi-analysis modeling of complex systems

The multi-analysis modeling of a complex system is the act of building a family of models which allows to cover a large spectrum of analysis methods(such as simulation,formal methods,enactment,...)that can be performed to derive various properties of this system.The High-Level Language for Systems Specification(HiLLS)has recently been introduced as a graphical language for discrete event simulation,with potential for other types of analysis,like enactment for rapid system prototyping.HiLLS defines an automata language that also opens the way to formal verification.This paper provides the building blocks for such a feature.That way,a unique model can be used not only to perform both simulation and enactment experiments but also to allow the logical analysis of properties without running any experiment.Therefore,it saves from the effort of building three different analysis-specific models and the need to align them semantically.