L1 and L2 acquisition, in some respects, are similar. Language development in children goes hand in hand with physical and cognitive development. Children learn their first language by imitation, but not always and no...L1 and L2 acquisition, in some respects, are similar. Language development in children goes hand in hand with physical and cognitive development. Children learn their first language by imitation, but not always and not only by imitation. There seems to be some "innate capacities" that make children start to speak at the same time they do and in the way they do it. Adults learning a second language usually are controlled more by their motivation. But language input is important for both L1 and L2 acquisition. Though there are differences between CL1 and between CL2 and AL2, the way in which these learners acquire some of the grammatical morphemes is similar. This, together with some other evidence, shows that it is not only children who can acquire language. Adults can also acquire a language. But when adults acquire a language, they should also learn it. Some of the ways in which children acquire their language can be used as a model for L2 acquisition, even for Chinese students whose language is unrelated to English and whose culture is different. Learning the culture of the English-speaking countries will benefit the learning of the language. Like children, listening should also be well in advance of speaking in L2 acquisition. To train listening comprehension skills, Asher’s TPR approach proves more effective. TPR approach is at the moment limited to the beginning stage only. In order for students to gain all the five skills in a second language learning, namely, listening, speaking, reading, writing, and interpreting/translating, other methods should be used at the same time, or at later stages.展开更多
Language is closely related to culture. Whenever you teach a language, you also teach a complex system of culture. Additionally, cultural knowledge facilitates language learning. The Language-Culture Connection princi...Language is closely related to culture. Whenever you teach a language, you also teach a complex system of culture. Additionally, cultural knowledge facilitates language learning. The Language-Culture Connection principle is about the complex interconnection of language and culture. This research paper focuses on the reasons why it is important to understand something about the culture to learn a language, and on ways to help students learn the culture of the language they are learning.展开更多
Parental influences on the development of child language have been debated in linguistic field.So parental responses,including both positive feedback and negative evidence,have been discussed in the paper.
Studies of robots which aim to entertain and to be conversational partners of the live-alone become very important. The robots are classified into DBC (Dialogue-Based Communication) robots and TBC (Touch-Based Communi...Studies of robots which aim to entertain and to be conversational partners of the live-alone become very important. The robots are classified into DBC (Dialogue-Based Communication) robots and TBC (Touch-Based Communication) robots. DBC robots have an effect to be conversational partners. A typical application of TBC robots is Paro (a baby harp seal robot) which has an effect to entertain humans. The combination of DBC and TBC will be able to achieve both a conversational ability and an entertaining effect, but there is no study of combination of DBC and TBC. This paper proposes a response algorithm that can combine conversational information and touch information from humans. Criterions for estimation are defined as follows: FFV (Familiarity Factor Value), EFV (Enjoyment Factor Value), CR (Concentration Rate), ER (Expression Rate), and RR (Recognition Rate). FFV and EFV are total ratings for questionnaire related to familiarity and enjoyment factors, respectively. CR measures attention for humans. ER is the interest of communication with robots by representing Level 2 (laugh with opening one’s mouse), Level 1 (smile), and Level 0 (expressionless). RR is recognition ability for voices and touch actions. From the experiment for impressions of robot responses with 11 subjects, it turns out that the proposed method with combination of DBC and TBC is improved by 20.7 points in FFV, and by 12.6 points in EFV compared to only TBC. From the robot communication experiment, it turns out that the proposed method is improved by 8 points in the ER, by 5.3 points in the ER with Level 2, and by 24.5 points in the RR compared to only DBC.展开更多
This article investigates the dynamic relationship between technology and AI(artificial intelligence)and the role that societal requirements play in pushing AI research and adoption.Technology has advanced dramaticall...This article investigates the dynamic relationship between technology and AI(artificial intelligence)and the role that societal requirements play in pushing AI research and adoption.Technology has advanced dramatically throughout the years,providing the groundwork for the rise of AI.AI systems have achieved incredible feats in various disciplines thanks to advancements in computer power,data availability,and complex algorithms.On the other hand,society’s needs for efficiency,enhanced healthcare,environmental sustainability,and personalized experiences have worked as powerful accelerators for AI’s progress.This article digs into how technology empowers AI and how societal needs dictate its progress,emphasizing their symbiotic relationship.The findings underline the significance of responsible AI research,which considers both technological prowess and ethical issues,to ensure that AI continues to serve the greater good.展开更多
The rapid evolution of Large Language Models(LLMs)highlights the necessity for ethical considerations and data integrity in Al development,particularly emphasizing the role of FAIR(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Re...The rapid evolution of Large Language Models(LLMs)highlights the necessity for ethical considerations and data integrity in Al development,particularly emphasizing the role of FAIR(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)data principles.While these principles are crucial for ethical data stewardship,their specific application in the context of LLM training data remains an under-explored area.This research gap is the focus of our study,which begins with an examination of existing literature to underline the importance of FAIR principles in managing data for LLM training.Building upon this,we propose a novel frame-work designed to integrate FAIR principles into the LLM development lifecycle.A contribution of our work is the development of a comprehensive checklist intended to guide researchers and developers in applying FAIR data principles consistently across the model development process.The utility and effectiveness of our frame-work are validated through a case study on creating a FAIR-compliant dataset aimed at detecting and mitigating biases in LLMs.We present this framework to the community as a tool to foster the creation of technologically advanced,ethically grounded,and socially responsible Al models.展开更多
This essay is a practical step to Learning Theory.By comparing cognitive learning with non-cognitive learning,the author tries to lay emphasis on creative foreign language learning.
Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is a world-famous masterpiece in children’s literature.The adventure stories in the novel deeply attract the child readers in different countries in the world.The use of puns in the ...Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is a world-famous masterpiece in children’s literature.The adventure stories in the novel deeply attract the child readers in different countries in the world.The use of puns in the work adds to its aesthetic value.In China,many scholars have translated it.The research topic is the application of Nida’s theory of functional equivalence in the pun translation in children’s literature work Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and the degree of equivalence in Wu Juntao’s translation.The person who does the research has read the original work and the translator Wu Juntao’s translation of this book,analyzed the translation of puns in the book,read the relevant journal articles on the theory of functional equivalence and thought about the academic views in them.On the basis of text reading,translation analysis and reference analysis,the following conclusion has been made:According to the basic points in the theory,in the work,Wu Juntao’s translation of the puns has basically achieved the equivalence between the original text and the target text in readers’responses,language style and language meaning.展开更多
Schools and society have become more diverse.Culturally responsive teaching as an effective teaching method has been applied in different school subject areas.This article introduces the concept of culturally responsi...Schools and society have become more diverse.Culturally responsive teaching as an effective teaching method has been applied in different school subject areas.This article introduces the concept of culturally responsive teaching and discusses its implementation in the Chinese classroom.This article addresses the establishment of an inclusive,safe,and academically rigorous learning environment,diversification of curriculum content knowledge and instructional strategies,and incorporation of culturally responsive assessment.Culturally responsive teaching in the Chinese classroom provides an opportunity for teachers not only to develop students'language skills and cultural understanding,but also to cultivate students'attitudes and dispositions toward diversity for their attainment of effective intercultural communication.展开更多
目的分析3岁听障儿童与同龄健听儿童语言细节句子测试结果,为提高康复教学效果提供参考依据。方法在康复机构和普通幼儿园选取听障儿童与健听儿童各30例,采用言语听觉反应评估(evaluation of auditory resporse to speech,EARS)中的语...目的分析3岁听障儿童与同龄健听儿童语言细节句子测试结果,为提高康复教学效果提供参考依据。方法在康复机构和普通幼儿园选取听障儿童与健听儿童各30例,采用言语听觉反应评估(evaluation of auditory resporse to speech,EARS)中的语言细节句子测试表进行测试,比较两组儿童的句子和词汇水平得分。结果儿童的听力状况对语言细节句子测试得分影响显著(T句子(1,58)=3.36,P<0.01;T词语(1,58)=2.89,P<0.01),健听儿童句子和词汇水平得分(M句子=8.47,M词语=58.23)均显著高于听障儿童(M句子=7.03,M词语=56.63)(P<0.05)。结论与健听儿童相比,语言年龄达到3岁水平的听障儿童句法语法能力滞后,这可能与听障儿童输入性语言信息不足及输入环境有关。康复训练中应加强相应训练,拓展应用到生活场景中。展开更多
Language and culture are distinctly interdependent;one reflects the other.In cross-cultural communications,it is critical for language users to use and understand the language appropriately in a certain socio-cultural...Language and culture are distinctly interdependent;one reflects the other.In cross-cultural communications,it is critical for language users to use and understand the language appropriately in a certain socio-cultural context.This paper aims to compare the similarities and differences of compliments and compliment responses in English and Chinese from the cross-cultural pragmatic perspective.The implications for teaching are also discussed so as to bridge the gap caused by cultural differences and minimize the occurrence of potential cross-cultural pragmatic failures.展开更多
文摘L1 and L2 acquisition, in some respects, are similar. Language development in children goes hand in hand with physical and cognitive development. Children learn their first language by imitation, but not always and not only by imitation. There seems to be some "innate capacities" that make children start to speak at the same time they do and in the way they do it. Adults learning a second language usually are controlled more by their motivation. But language input is important for both L1 and L2 acquisition. Though there are differences between CL1 and between CL2 and AL2, the way in which these learners acquire some of the grammatical morphemes is similar. This, together with some other evidence, shows that it is not only children who can acquire language. Adults can also acquire a language. But when adults acquire a language, they should also learn it. Some of the ways in which children acquire their language can be used as a model for L2 acquisition, even for Chinese students whose language is unrelated to English and whose culture is different. Learning the culture of the English-speaking countries will benefit the learning of the language. Like children, listening should also be well in advance of speaking in L2 acquisition. To train listening comprehension skills, Asher’s TPR approach proves more effective. TPR approach is at the moment limited to the beginning stage only. In order for students to gain all the five skills in a second language learning, namely, listening, speaking, reading, writing, and interpreting/translating, other methods should be used at the same time, or at later stages.
文摘Language is closely related to culture. Whenever you teach a language, you also teach a complex system of culture. Additionally, cultural knowledge facilitates language learning. The Language-Culture Connection principle is about the complex interconnection of language and culture. This research paper focuses on the reasons why it is important to understand something about the culture to learn a language, and on ways to help students learn the culture of the language they are learning.
文摘Parental influences on the development of child language have been debated in linguistic field.So parental responses,including both positive feedback and negative evidence,have been discussed in the paper.
文摘Studies of robots which aim to entertain and to be conversational partners of the live-alone become very important. The robots are classified into DBC (Dialogue-Based Communication) robots and TBC (Touch-Based Communication) robots. DBC robots have an effect to be conversational partners. A typical application of TBC robots is Paro (a baby harp seal robot) which has an effect to entertain humans. The combination of DBC and TBC will be able to achieve both a conversational ability and an entertaining effect, but there is no study of combination of DBC and TBC. This paper proposes a response algorithm that can combine conversational information and touch information from humans. Criterions for estimation are defined as follows: FFV (Familiarity Factor Value), EFV (Enjoyment Factor Value), CR (Concentration Rate), ER (Expression Rate), and RR (Recognition Rate). FFV and EFV are total ratings for questionnaire related to familiarity and enjoyment factors, respectively. CR measures attention for humans. ER is the interest of communication with robots by representing Level 2 (laugh with opening one’s mouse), Level 1 (smile), and Level 0 (expressionless). RR is recognition ability for voices and touch actions. From the experiment for impressions of robot responses with 11 subjects, it turns out that the proposed method with combination of DBC and TBC is improved by 20.7 points in FFV, and by 12.6 points in EFV compared to only TBC. From the robot communication experiment, it turns out that the proposed method is improved by 8 points in the ER, by 5.3 points in the ER with Level 2, and by 24.5 points in the RR compared to only DBC.
文摘This article investigates the dynamic relationship between technology and AI(artificial intelligence)and the role that societal requirements play in pushing AI research and adoption.Technology has advanced dramatically throughout the years,providing the groundwork for the rise of AI.AI systems have achieved incredible feats in various disciplines thanks to advancements in computer power,data availability,and complex algorithms.On the other hand,society’s needs for efficiency,enhanced healthcare,environmental sustainability,and personalized experiences have worked as powerful accelerators for AI’s progress.This article digs into how technology empowers AI and how societal needs dictate its progress,emphasizing their symbiotic relationship.The findings underline the significance of responsible AI research,which considers both technological prowess and ethical issues,to ensure that AI continues to serve the greater good.
文摘The rapid evolution of Large Language Models(LLMs)highlights the necessity for ethical considerations and data integrity in Al development,particularly emphasizing the role of FAIR(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)data principles.While these principles are crucial for ethical data stewardship,their specific application in the context of LLM training data remains an under-explored area.This research gap is the focus of our study,which begins with an examination of existing literature to underline the importance of FAIR principles in managing data for LLM training.Building upon this,we propose a novel frame-work designed to integrate FAIR principles into the LLM development lifecycle.A contribution of our work is the development of a comprehensive checklist intended to guide researchers and developers in applying FAIR data principles consistently across the model development process.The utility and effectiveness of our frame-work are validated through a case study on creating a FAIR-compliant dataset aimed at detecting and mitigating biases in LLMs.We present this framework to the community as a tool to foster the creation of technologically advanced,ethically grounded,and socially responsible Al models.
文摘This essay is a practical step to Learning Theory.By comparing cognitive learning with non-cognitive learning,the author tries to lay emphasis on creative foreign language learning.
文摘Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is a world-famous masterpiece in children’s literature.The adventure stories in the novel deeply attract the child readers in different countries in the world.The use of puns in the work adds to its aesthetic value.In China,many scholars have translated it.The research topic is the application of Nida’s theory of functional equivalence in the pun translation in children’s literature work Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and the degree of equivalence in Wu Juntao’s translation.The person who does the research has read the original work and the translator Wu Juntao’s translation of this book,analyzed the translation of puns in the book,read the relevant journal articles on the theory of functional equivalence and thought about the academic views in them.On the basis of text reading,translation analysis and reference analysis,the following conclusion has been made:According to the basic points in the theory,in the work,Wu Juntao’s translation of the puns has basically achieved the equivalence between the original text and the target text in readers’responses,language style and language meaning.
文摘Schools and society have become more diverse.Culturally responsive teaching as an effective teaching method has been applied in different school subject areas.This article introduces the concept of culturally responsive teaching and discusses its implementation in the Chinese classroom.This article addresses the establishment of an inclusive,safe,and academically rigorous learning environment,diversification of curriculum content knowledge and instructional strategies,and incorporation of culturally responsive assessment.Culturally responsive teaching in the Chinese classroom provides an opportunity for teachers not only to develop students'language skills and cultural understanding,but also to cultivate students'attitudes and dispositions toward diversity for their attainment of effective intercultural communication.
文摘目的分析3岁听障儿童与同龄健听儿童语言细节句子测试结果,为提高康复教学效果提供参考依据。方法在康复机构和普通幼儿园选取听障儿童与健听儿童各30例,采用言语听觉反应评估(evaluation of auditory resporse to speech,EARS)中的语言细节句子测试表进行测试,比较两组儿童的句子和词汇水平得分。结果儿童的听力状况对语言细节句子测试得分影响显著(T句子(1,58)=3.36,P<0.01;T词语(1,58)=2.89,P<0.01),健听儿童句子和词汇水平得分(M句子=8.47,M词语=58.23)均显著高于听障儿童(M句子=7.03,M词语=56.63)(P<0.05)。结论与健听儿童相比,语言年龄达到3岁水平的听障儿童句法语法能力滞后,这可能与听障儿童输入性语言信息不足及输入环境有关。康复训练中应加强相应训练,拓展应用到生活场景中。
文摘Language and culture are distinctly interdependent;one reflects the other.In cross-cultural communications,it is critical for language users to use and understand the language appropriately in a certain socio-cultural context.This paper aims to compare the similarities and differences of compliments and compliment responses in English and Chinese from the cross-cultural pragmatic perspective.The implications for teaching are also discussed so as to bridge the gap caused by cultural differences and minimize the occurrence of potential cross-cultural pragmatic failures.