FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AS A MODEL FOR SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: THE TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE APPROACH IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING

L1 and L2 acquisition, in some respects, are similar. Language development in children goes hand in hand with physical and cognitive development. Children learn their first language by imitation, but not always and not only by imitation. There seems to be some "innate capacities" that make children start to speak at the same time they do and in the way they do it. Adults learning a second language usually are controlled more by their motivation. But language input is important for both L1 and L2 acquisition. Though there are differences between CL1 and between CL2 and AL2, the way in which these learners acquire some of the grammatical morphemes is similar. This, together with some other evidence, shows that it is not only children who can acquire language. Adults can also acquire a language. But when adults acquire a language, they should also learn it. Some of the ways in which children acquire their language can be used as a model for L2 acquisition, even for Chinese students whose language is unrelated to English and whose culture is different. Learning the culture of the English-speaking countries will benefit the learning of the language. Like children, listening should also be well in advance of speaking in L2 acquisition. To train listening comprehension skills, Asher’s TPR approach proves more effective. TPR approach is at the moment limited to the beginning stage only. In order for students to gain all the five skills in a second language learning, namely, listening, speaking, reading, writing, and interpreting/translating, other methods should be used at the same time, or at later stages.

The Language-Culture Connection Principlein Foreign Language Teaching

Language is closely related to culture. Whenever you teach a language, you also teach a complex system of culture. Additionally, cultural knowledge facilitates language learning. The Language-Culture Connection principle is about the complex interconnection of language and culture. This research paper focuses on the reasons why it is important to understand something about the culture to learn a language, and on ways to help students learn the culture of the language they are learning.

The Role of Correction on Child's Language Acquisition

Parental influences on the development of child language have been debated in linguistic field.So parental responses,including both positive feedback and negative evidence,have been discussed in the paper.

A Method of Combination of Language Understanding with Touch-Based Communication Robots

Studies of robots which aim to entertain and to be conversational partners of the live-alone become very important. The robots are classified into DBC (Dialogue-Based Communication) robots and TBC (Touch-Based Communication) robots. DBC robots have an effect to be conversational partners. A typical application of TBC robots is Paro (a baby harp seal robot) which has an effect to entertain humans. The combination of DBC and TBC will be able to achieve both a conversational ability and an entertaining effect, but there is no study of combination of DBC and TBC. This paper proposes a response algorithm that can combine conversational information and touch information from humans. Criterions for estimation are defined as follows: FFV (Familiarity Factor Value), EFV (Enjoyment Factor Value), CR (Concentration Rate), ER (Expression Rate), and RR (Recognition Rate). FFV and EFV are total ratings for questionnaire related to familiarity and enjoyment factors, respectively. CR measures attention for humans. ER is the interest of communication with robots by representing Level 2 (laugh with opening one’s mouse), Level 1 (smile), and Level 0 (expressionless). RR is recognition ability for voices and touch actions. From the experiment for impressions of robot responses with 11 subjects, it turns out that the proposed method with combination of DBC and TBC is improved by 20.7 points in FFV, and by 12.6 points in EFV compared to only TBC. From the robot communication experiment, it turns out that the proposed method is improved by 8 points in the ER, by 5.3 points in the ER with Level 2, and by 24.5 points in the RR compared to only DBC.

The Symbiotic Relationship Unraveling the Interplay between Technology and Artificial Intelligence(An Intelligent Dynamic Relationship)

This article investigates the dynamic relationship between technology and AI(artificial intelligence)and the role that societal requirements play in pushing AI research and adoption.Technology has advanced dramatically throughout the years,providing the groundwork for the rise of AI.AI systems have achieved incredible feats in various disciplines thanks to advancements in computer power,data availability,and complex algorithms.On the other hand,society’s needs for efficiency,enhanced healthcare,environmental sustainability,and personalized experiences have worked as powerful accelerators for AI’s progress.This article digs into how technology empowers AI and how societal needs dictate its progress,emphasizing their symbiotic relationship.The findings underline the significance of responsible AI research,which considers both technological prowess and ethical issues,to ensure that AI continues to serve the greater good.

FAIR Enough:Develop and Assess a FAIR-Compliant Dataset for Large Language Model Training?

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models(LLMs)highlights the necessity for ethical considerations and data integrity in Al development,particularly emphasizing the role of FAIR(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)data principles.While these principles are crucial for ethical data stewardship,their specific application in the context of LLM training data remains an under-explored area.This research gap is the focus of our study,which begins with an examination of existing literature to underline the importance of FAIR principles in managing data for LLM training.Building upon this,we propose a novel frame-work designed to integrate FAIR principles into the LLM development lifecycle.A contribution of our work is the development of a comprehensive checklist intended to guide researchers and developers in applying FAIR data principles consistently across the model development process.The utility and effectiveness of our frame-work are validated through a case study on creating a FAIR-compliant dataset aimed at detecting and mitigating biases in LLMs.We present this framework to the community as a tool to foster the creation of technologically advanced,ethically grounded,and socially responsible Al models.

Learn to Learn a Foreign Language

This essay is a practical step to Learning Theory.By comparing cognitive learning with non-cognitive learning,the author tries to lay emphasis on creative foreign language learning.

Study on the Translation of Puns in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland from the Perspective of the Functional Equivalence Theory

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is a world-famous masterpiece in children’s literature.The adventure stories in the novel deeply attract the child readers in different countries in the world.The use of puns in the work adds to its aesthetic value.In China,many scholars have translated it.The research topic is the application of Nida’s theory of functional equivalence in the pun translation in children’s literature work Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and the degree of equivalence in Wu Juntao’s translation.The person who does the research has read the original work and the translator Wu Juntao’s translation of this book,analyzed the translation of puns in the book,read the relevant journal articles on the theory of functional equivalence and thought about the academic views in them.On the basis of text reading,translation analysis and reference analysis,the following conclusion has been made:According to the basic points in the theory,in the work,Wu Juntao’s translation of the puns has basically achieved the equivalence between the original text and the target text in readers’responses,language style and language meaning.

Culturally Responsive Teaching:Understanding and Embracing Cultural Diversity in the Chinese Classroom

Schools and society have become more diverse.Culturally responsive teaching as an effective teaching method has been applied in different school subject areas.This article introduces the concept of culturally responsive teaching and discusses its implementation in the Chinese classroom.This article addresses the establishment of an inclusive,safe,and academically rigorous learning environment,diversification of curriculum content knowledge and instructional strategies,and incorporation of culturally responsive assessment.Culturally responsive teaching in the Chinese classroom provides an opportunity for teachers not only to develop students'language skills and cultural understanding,but also to cultivate students'attitudes and dispositions toward diversity for their attainment of effective intercultural communication.

是“神马”还是“灰犀牛”:ChatGPT等大语言模型对教育的多维影响及应对之策

ChatGPT以“入侵”的方式在教育领域登陆,初露“灰犀牛”面貌,由此引发教育思想、教育体系和学校教育层面的危机。在教育思想层面,多将ChatGPT视为“神马”,在态度上选择抵制和观望,其背后既有思维惯性、惰性等历史原因,也有因ChatGPT等大语言模型管理制度缺位导致安全感无处寄放的现实依据。就教育体系而言,ChatGPT引发的教育自洽与替代焦虑加持,将从内外两个角度解构既有的教育目标体系,由此带来基于人的自由全面发展的教育目标体系的重构;ChatGPT将推动知识生产与知识学习的转向,进而以知识教育价值重估为“支点”,撬动教育整体价值重估,促使教育立足“人本”和“高阶”开展价值创造;ChatGPT还将引发学生发展与评价标准、方式的变革,渐次推动教育评价体系的全面创新。就学校教育而言,知识学习的变革必将推动学校教育时空的重组和学校生态的创新,使课堂教学由“三维”向“四维”转型,进而推动教学生态重塑、流程再造和课堂教学革命,引发教师角色、工作方式和发展方式的变革。

新一代全国地震应急响应服务技术系统建设构想

为满足“全灾种、大应急”框架下的地震应急响应服务要求,在梳理当前地震应急响应技术系统面临的挑战的基础上,引入新的技术和方法,提出新一代全国地震应急响应服务技术系统的建设构想,全方位提升地震应急响应服务能力,推进防震减灾工作更高“智”量、更高水平、更高效率的发展。

基于课堂应答系统的游戏化外语教学的探索

在大学外语课堂这一特殊的教学场景中,传统的互动教学策略达不到预期效果,学生在课堂上的参与度不高。课堂应答系统作为游戏化教学的工具,通过引入即时反馈和竞争机制游戏元素,可以有效提升学生的学习兴趣和参与度。作为基于现代信息技术的教学辅助工具,课堂应答系统通过将课堂教学与电子设备相结合,有效实现了教师与学生之间的实时互动。

基于语义理解与生成模型的铁路应急处置决策支持系统

本研究旨在提出一种新型的铁路应急处置决策支持系统,该系统基于语义理解与生成模型,能够有效生成应急处置策略、验证并更新处置流程,以及智能分发处置任务。首先,通过融合语义理解与生成模型及铁路应急处置专业知识库,处置策略动态生成模块能够自主生成应急处置策略,并提供决策支持。接着,处置策略验证与更新模块利用Petri网模型的多方面可量化特性,实现对生成策略的验证与更新,确保策略的实时性和有效性。最后,应急处置任务智能分发模块采用基于BERT的深度学习模型进行命名实体识别和关系抽取,构建出详细的〈处置任务—归属—部门〉知识图谱,并通过Neo4j图数据库及Cypher查询语言实现任务的智能分发。通过这一综合性决策支持系统,本研究为铁路应急处置领域的智能化调度提供了有效的解决方案,并开拓了大语言模型在该领域应用的新方向。

3岁听障儿童与健听儿童语法、句法能力测试结果分析

目的分析3岁听障儿童与同龄健听儿童语言细节句子测试结果,为提高康复教学效果提供参考依据。方法在康复机构和普通幼儿园选取听障儿童与健听儿童各30例,采用言语听觉反应评估(evaluation of auditory resporse to speech,EARS)中的语言细节句子测试表进行测试,比较两组儿童的句子和词汇水平得分。结果儿童的听力状况对语言细节句子测试得分影响显著(T句子(1,58)=3.36,P<0.01;T词语(1,58)=2.89,P<0.01),健听儿童句子和词汇水平得分(M句子=8.47,M词语=58.23)均显著高于听障儿童(M句子=7.03,M词语=56.63)(P<0.05)。结论与健听儿童相比,语言年龄达到3岁水平的听障儿童句法语法能力滞后,这可能与听障儿童输入性语言信息不足及输入环境有关。康复训练中应加强相应训练,拓展应用到生活场景中。

语言安抚和触摸护理结合层级链式护理干预对支气管哮喘患儿雾化治疗依从性及应激反应的影响

目的探讨语言安抚和触摸护理结合层级链式护理干预对支气管哮喘患儿雾化治疗依从性及应激反应的影响。方法选取2021年1月至2022年1月我院收治的120例支气管哮喘患儿为研究对象,按照护理方式的差异将其分为对照组和观察组,各60例。两组均接受雾化吸入治疗,对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组在常规护理基础上给予语言安抚和触摸护理结合层级链式护理干预。比较两组的干预效果。结果观察组的雾化治疗依从性优良率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、用力肺活量(FVC)高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的儿童医疗恐惧量表(CMFS)各维度评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论语言安抚和触摸护理结合层级链式护理干预有助于提高支气管哮喘患儿的雾化治疗依从性,促进肺功能改善,也能减轻心理应激反应,值得推广。

Cross-cultural pragmatics: compliments and compliment responses in English and Chinese

Language and culture are distinctly interdependent;one reflects the other.In cross-cultural communications,it is critical for language users to use and understand the language appropriately in a certain socio-cultural context.This paper aims to compare the similarities and differences of compliments and compliment responses in English and Chinese from the cross-cultural pragmatic perspective.The implications for teaching are also discussed so as to bridge the gap caused by cultural differences and minimize the occurrence of potential cross-cultural pragmatic failures.

孤独症谱系障碍儿童的听性脑干反应特点

目的探究孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的听性脑干反应临床特征。方法回顾性选取我院39例ASD患儿为研究对象(ASD组),另选择同期健康儿童39例作为对照组,均进行听性脑干反应(ABR)检查,对比两组的ABR结果。结果两组儿童的性别对比无明显差异(P>0.05);ASD组左耳ABR的Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期及Ⅰ~Ⅲ波间期均较对照组延长(P<0.05),Ⅲ~Ⅴ波间期、Ⅰ~Ⅴ波间期较对照组缩短(P<0.05);ASD组右耳ABRⅠ、Ⅲ波潜伏期均较对照组延长(P<0.05),Ⅲ~Ⅴ波间期、Ⅰ~Ⅴ波间期较对照组缩短(P<0.05),Ⅰ~Ⅲ波间期较对照组延长(P<0.05),而两组V波潜伏期对比无明显差异(P<0.05)。结论ASD患儿与健康儿童的ABR潜伏期和波间期均存在差异,提示ASD患儿具有听觉病理功能障碍,这对ASD患儿语言能力障碍的诊疗具有一定的临床意义。