Deepening National Security Reforms to Guarantee Consistent Advancement in Chinese Modernization

Persistent efforts are needed to fully implement the guiding principles of the third plenary session of the 20th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee and advance the reform of China's national security work on the new journey that lies ahead.All of us in the Party should never forget our original aspiration.Since the advent of the new era,China has pushed forward and made remarkable achievements in reforming its national security work,undergoing a process of constant evolvement and continuous improvement.The third plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee could be deemed the starting point of comprehensively deepening reform in the new era,opening a new epoch for reforming and innovating China's national security work.It identified modernizing China's system and capacity for governance as the overall goal of further deepening reform comprehensively and,most significantly,made a historic decision to establish the National Security Commission,having far-reaching impacts.General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed pursuing a holistic approach to national security,which provides us with fundamental guidance for further reform.The new version of the National Security Law of the People's Republic of China fully covers China's national security system and will guide the improvement of its legal system for national security in the new era.The fourth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee called for improving China's national security system in efforts to modernize the country's system and capacity for governance.The 20th CPC National Congress clarified the Party's central task on the new journey and made strategic plans for safeguarding Chinese modernization through modernizing the country's national security system and capacity.The third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee carried forward the spirit of the above meetings,from the third plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to the 20th CPC National Congress,reiterating the importance of further deepening reform comprehensively on the new journey,emphasizing national security as the foundation for advancing Chinese modernization,and setting out the road map and agenda for modernizing China's national security system and capacity in the next five years.Therefore,we must study and implement the guiding principles of the third plenary session of the 2Oth CPC Central Committee.

Research on Foreign Language Talent Cultivation Mode Based on the Concept of Language Security

Language security is an important part of national security,and in the current complex international environment,the issue of language security is becoming more and more prominent and has become an unignorable part of national security strategy.As the bridge and link of international communication,foreign language talents’language skills and the level of national security awareness directly affect our country’s international image and the effect of international communication.Therefore,the establishment of a foreign language talent cultivation mode based on the concept of language security is not only an important way to improve the quality of foreign language education but also a realistic need to safeguard national security and promote international exchanges.Starting from the influence of the language security concept on foreign language talent cultivation,this paper analyzes the foreign language talent cultivation mode based on the language security concept,with a view to providing new ideas and methods for the development of foreign language education.

Thoroughly Study and Implement a Holistic Approach to National Security to Safeguard Chinese Modernization

2024 marks the tenth anniversary of a holistic approach to national security. As an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, a holistic approach to national security provides fundamental guidance for China's national security work in the new era and is, therefore, of great theoretical and practical significance. This approach has several distinct features: it ref lects the trends of our times, is deeply rooted in China's national culture, and follows a people-centered, struggle-oriented, systematic, strategic, in novative, and practice-based approach. By upholding and developing a holistic approach to national security, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC) has comprehensively strengthened the Party's absolute leadership over national security, reshaped the systems and mechanisms for national security across the board, and made brilliant achievements in national security work in the new era. Given the context of the momentous changes unseen in a century that shape today's world, the national security situation facing China is increasingly complex and grim, characterized by many challenges and new characteristics. On the new journey toward rejuvenating the nation and building China into a strong country, we should fully implement the spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress, firmly pursue a holistic approach to national security, and accelerate the modernization of China's national security system and capacity to ensure steady and sustained progress in Chinese modernization.

Global and International Security Under Spatial Grasp Paradigm

Global and international security cannot be provided from a single point or a set of separate points whatever powerful these might be(even with quantum supercomputers!).It should rather be deeply embedded and integrated with bodies of real systems wherever in physical,virtual,or combined spaces they may exist.So global security capabilities should not only be distributed,but rather be really spatial,self-organized,and dynamic,also exhibiting overall integrity,awareness,and consciousness features.The paper describes applicability of the patented and revealed in 10 books Spatial Grasp Model and Technology(SGT)and its basic Spatial Grasp Language(SGL)which conceptually and functionally match security problems of large distributed and heterogeneous systems.It investigates very practical security solutions for finding and tracing distribution of forbidden items,world roaming criminals,recovery from natural and human-made disasters,tracing and elimination of moving dangerous objects in terrestrial and celestial spaces,as well as analysis and restoration of damaged transport networks.It advises how different security infrastructures can be organized and managed,and how to cooperate and integrate within global security systems with higher awareness and consciousness levels over them.The provided security-oriented version of SGL can be quickly implemented and integrated with existing distributed management and security systems.

A Fuzzy Set-Based Approach for Model-Based Internet-Banking System Security Risk Assessment

A fuzzy set-based evaluation approach is demonstrated to assess the security risks for internet-banking System. The Internet-banking system is semi-formally described using Unified Modeling Language （UML） to specify the behavior and state of the system on the base of analyzing the existing qualitative risk assessment methods. And a quantitative method based on fuzzy set is used to measure security risks of the system, A case study was performed on the WEB server of the Internet-banking System using fuzzy-set based assessment algorithm to quantitatively compute the security risk severity. The numeric result also provides a method to decide the most critical component which should amuse the system administrator enough attention to take the appropriate security measure or controls to alleviate the risk severity. The experiments show this method can be used to quantify the security properties for the Internet-banking System in practice.

Impact of Africa Regional Food Security Program on Nigerian Farmers： The Case of National Special Program for Food Security

This paper examined the impact of National Special Program for Food Security （NSPFS） on the beneficiaries through a qualitative measurement of the food security status of the beneficiaries. A food insecurity index was estimated to measure the well-being of the beneficiaries as affected by the impact of the program. Beneficiaries were classified into four categories： food secure （41%）, food insecure without hunger （46%）, food insecure with moderate hunger （11%）, and food insecure with severe hunger （2%）. Perceptions of beneficiaries were measured. In conclusion, the program has had a positive impact and enhanced food security among the Nigerian beneficiaries. It is not without its short comings which include delayed and untimely disbursement of funds and lack of output markets, irrigation facilities, production inputs and adequate training on technology know-how. The default rate and number of debtors remain high among beneficiaries. Efforts should be made to correct the short comings to improve the effectiveness of the program and justify the huge financial resources that have been committed.

Groundwork for True XML-based Security Pattern Languages

A pattern is used to describe best practices and principles. Patterns have been used successfully in architecture and in software design. We propose to apply the pattern method to XML-based security engineering. Organized collections of interrelated patterns (called pattern languages) can embody whole bodies of knowledge on specific topics. We will discuss patterns and security pattern, pattern languages and the requirements of the pattern languages proposing its essential requirement (the template), and lays the groundwork for our future development of a true XML-based security pattern language.

National Security Theory with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated changes unseen in a century,ushering profound transitions in the development environment of China.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC),with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core,maintains a firm hold on the strategic initiative in ensuring China’s security.It has developed new understandings and new ideas of the laws underlying national security,and emphasized the need to take a holistic approach to national security.This holistic approach is a powerful theoretical instrument that has become a fundamental guideline by incorporating China-specific characteristics to safeguarding and shaping national security.We must conscientiously study a holistic approach to national security to strengthen our consciousness of the need to keep in alignment with the Party Central Committee.We must closely follow the Party Central Committee in terms of our thinking,political orientation,and actions.We should put into practice Xi Jinping Thought on the Governance of China and implement the strategic decision to coordinate the needs of both development and security.We must remain committed to the principle of complying with China’s overall interests in ensuring both development and security as our nation marches toward rejuvenation.We must arm ourselves with Xi Jinping’s national security theory with Chinese characteristics for a new era and use it to guide our practices,thereby enhancing our professional abilities,quality,and methodologies to achieve levels commensurate with the requirements of a major and responsible country.We should adeptly align our efforts to the big picture of ensuring China’s national security in a holistic manner.

The Income Security System in Japanese Traditional Performing Arts： A Strategy for Utilizing the Nation＇s Traditional Arts Resources

The objective of this paper is to examine an effective strategy for maintaining and utilizing the traditional arts resources of Japan. The authors explore two pillars of the strategy. One is to improve the quality of Japanese traditional performing arts by securing incomes for artists. The other is to utilize the traditional arts as a medium to expand Japanese cultural influence in foreign countries and to improve Japan＇s branding as a nation. First, the authors focus on the income security system practiced in traditional Japanese music and describe the discrepancy between short- and long-run optimality. The authors prove that the reputation of this art form affects its popularity and that it is optimal for the Iemoto （the head of the music school） to restrict the number of pupils in onstage performances in order to maintain stage quality. Second, the authors provide evidence that effective methods for a country to expand its cultural influence across the world differ among nations. The authors conduct willingness-to-pay （WTP） experiments and find that while German audiences largely prefer traditional Japanese music, those in the USA are slightly partial to its mixed fusion form. Therefore, the effective ways to expand Japanese cultural influence in foreign countries differ from one country to another.

Ensuring Both Development and Security:Theoretical Construction and Practical Achievements

The third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)stressed that,to further deepen reform,we must adhere to systematic thinking and properly handle the relationship between development and security;furthermore,we must achieve positive interplay between high-quality development and high-level security to effectively ensure China's long-term stability.Ensuring both development and security is a major principle underlying the CPC's governance.This principle has been gradually established and enriched in the CPC's struggle to promote socio-economic development and safeguard national security.It is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era,encapsulating the worldview and methodology of the CPC's innovative theories in the new era and realizing the dialectical unity of political security and economic security,a people-centered development philosophy and a people-oriented security philosophy,the fundamental approaches to development and the fundamental requirements of security,high-quality development and high-level security,and maintaining the initiative for development and enhancing security preparedness.Since the 18th CPC National Congress,the principle of ensuring both development and security has demonstrated great strength in guiding our thinking and promoting practical creativity,showing that the CPC's understanding of the dialectical relationship between development and security and its capacity to enhance security through development and ensure development through security have reached new heights.

The New Military Revolution and International Security

The fourth wave science and technology revolution is quickly ushering in a worldwide military revolution.The major powers such as the United States,Russia and China are all striving to catch up with the wave by accelerating their own research on new military technology and the deployment of new military equipment.This presents significant changes to the international security system:the existing disarmament and arms control system is on the brink of collapse,strategic competition among the big powers has intensified,and the risk of global turbulence is on the rise.The future of international security and its mechanism depends both on the method and direction of the technology revolution,and on the ability of the big powers to put aside their differences and avoid conflict in the major arenas of competition.In this process,China should seek to play a bigger and more constructive role.This would not only be conducive to world peace and development,but is also the only way for China to secure a seat in the future international system.

U. S. -Iraq War and China's National Security

Discussions about the U. S-Iraq war would last for years, but the war will surely produce long-term influences on international strategic structure and China’s security environment. The feature and influence of the war are determined by the America’ purposes in launching the war, which, in the common.

Impacts of Nontraditional Security Issues on National Security

New changes are taking place in nontraditional security fields,characterized by the increase in confrontation and conflict,the intensification of threats,and diversification.The interconnectivity,unpredictability,and transmissibility of nontraditional security threats are unprecedented.The emergence and even perpetuation of the above-mentioned new features are both attributed to objective factors,such as social development,ideological shifts,and scientific and technological advancement,and are closely related to the moves of certain major countries to instigate the so-called remarkable power competition recklessly and boost geopolitical contest.The rapid resurgence of securitization in global politics is hidden behind the rise of nontraditional security threats.Nontraditional security issues have generally entered a dynamic phase,which exerts an impact on the international security environment and the global landscape.A growing number of countries have emphasized on the realistic and urgent threat of nontraditional security challenges to their national security.These countries have tended to achieve traditional security goals via nontraditional means and tackle nontraditional security challenges with traditional mindsets.Thus,the boundary between traditional and nontraditional security issues is increasingly blurred.The methodology that dichotomizes traditional and nontraditional security issues may no longer be useful during assessments of major threats confronting national security.The connotations of peace and war have significantly changed in the new era.Distinguishing"hot"security issues from"cold"ones or traditional security issues from nontraditional ones is difficult.Such distinction requires consideration of all security issues when recognizing and addressing national security challenges.Thus,these increasingly complex security issues must be analyzed within a wide context of the oncein-a-century changes occurring worldwide and China should pursue a holistic approach to national security as a fundamental principle in response to various threats.

End-to-End Encryption in Messaging Services and National Security—Case of WhatsApp Messenger

The ubiquity of instant messaging services on mobile devices and their use of end-to-end encryption in safeguarding the privacy of their users have become a concern for some governments. WhatsApp messaging service has emerged as the most popular messaging app on mobile devices today. It uses end-to-end encryption which makes government and secret services efforts to combat organized crime, terrorists, and child pornographers technically impossible. Governments would like a “backdoor” into such apps, to use in accessing messages and have emphasized that they will only use the “backdoor” if there is a credible threat to national security. Users of WhatsApp have however, argued against a “backdoor”;they claim a “backdoor” would not only be an infringement of their privacy, but that hackers could also take advantage of it. In light of this security and privacy conflict between the end users of WhatsApp and government’s need to access messages in order to thwart potential terror attacks, this paper presents the advantages of maintaining E2EE in WhatsApp and why governments should not be allowed a “backdoor” to access users’ messages. This research presents the benefits encryption has on consumer security and privacy, and also on the challenges it poses to public safety and national security.

Evolving National Security: A Roadmap from Present to Future in Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Policies (A Technical Review)

This comprehensive exploration delves into the intricate dynamics of national security policies in the realm of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources.From the present landscape characterized by the diversification of energy portfolios to the long-term vision encompassing nuclear fusion,this article navigates through the nuanced interplay of technology,resilience,and environmental responsibility.The synthesis of established nuclear fission technologies and evolving renewable sources forms the cornerstone of a strategic approach,addressing challenges and opportunities to ensure a secure,sustainable energy future.

Changes in the US National Security Council in the Trump Administration

The structure of the National Security Council(NSC)under Donald Trump has been tweaked only slightly on the basis of the previous administration’s"three tiers of committees"model,and without any breakthrough in reform.However,the NSC also faces a series of new changes and features,including instability caused by changes in the President’s entourage,and dysfunction induced by the decreased number of formal meetings.These changes may be attributed principally to the impact of Trump’s governing style,management style and informal decision-making process.The NSC’s role in the decision-making system varies according to the frequent changes in National Security Advisor.In the 70 plus year history of the NSC,it is evident that its development direction is determined by structural changes in the international pattern,US national security challenges and the transfer of power within the decision-making system.How the President positions and utilizes the NSC ultimately determines the structure and efficiency of the mechanism.

Ethnic Issues of China's Neighboring Countries and Their Impact on National Security

In the international community,the internal ethnic issues of one country can easily spread out of its borders through the impact of internal and external factors to affect the national security of other countries,known as the spillover effect.Presently,the ethnic issues of China's neighboring countries that have real consequences on the country's national security break down mainly into four types:the internal ethnic conflict,the transnational ethnic issue,the issues related with immigrants and the collaboration of the Three Forces.The risk of spillover can be summed up according to the intensity of its effect in five categories:infiltration,springboard,spillover,immigration and harassment.As diverse ethnic issues of the neighboring countries have different effects on China's national security,the Chinese government must grasp the core element of each issue to formulate specific policies.

Challenges Confronting China's Financial Security from the Perspective of a Holistic Approach to National Security

Finance is the lifeblood of a modern economy.The 2008 international financial crisis,which changed the course of history,has highlighted the decisive role of financial security in the sustainable development of the contemporary world—all sovereign states included.Implementing the national rejuvenation strategy within a wider context of the once-in-a-century changes taking place in the world,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has constantly deepened its understanding of financial security,making it an important component of a holistic approach to national security and Xi Jinping's economic thought.In the wake of the Russia-Ukraine crisis,the US and Europe launched a"financial nuclear strike"against Russia.The comprehensive war centered on financial sanctions they have waged in response to Russia's military operations not only represents a shift in the form of future warfare,but also offers a preview of the major-country strategic competition in the future,which will inevitably grow in scope and intensity.This thesis intends to discuss the current changes in and challenges to China's financial security from the perspective of a holistic approach to national security and provide opinions based on domestic and international changes.

Strategic Thinking on the Path of National Security with Chinese Characteristics

General Secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee Xi Jinping has creatively put forward a holistic approach to national security and the path of national security with Chinese characteristics,which are synergistic and inseparable.Compared with other major global powers,China is embarking on a path of national security that incorporates distinctive Chinese characteristics.Unlike the United States,which seeks international expansion and hegemony while pursuing national security,China is dedicated to maintaining global security and building a community with a shared future for humanity.Unlike Russia,which prioritizes national security over everything else,China places greater emphasis on balancing development and security.Unlike Europe and Japan,which entrust their national security to other countries,China has always adhered to the principle of independence and self-reliance.An essential feature of the path of national security with Chinese characteristics is that it upholds the unity of the people’s security,political security,and the supremacy of national interests.Moreover,China will remain committed to peaceful development while defending its interests.China will continue to balance development and security imperatives,maintaining an independent foreign policy while building a community with a shared future for humanity.To make solid strides on the path of national security with Chinese characteristics,the fundamental task will be pursuing a holistic approach to national security and implementing the Ten Upholds.