Interpretation of Key Concepts in Language Testing: Validity, Validation and Reliability

Language testing is an important link in language teaching,in this paper,the two important criteria of language test the reliability and validity has carried on the detailed elaboration,in order to a language teacher proposition and evaluation test more scientific.

Validity and Reliability of an English Test Paper in Junior Middle School

Test plays an important role in our lives in that it can cause backwash towards our teaching and learning.Thus the pur pose of the present study is to examine the quality of an English test paper in a junior middle school of Urumqi according to the language test theories.Through the data collection and analyses,the results indicate that the test paper is a medium-level test and the reliability is suitable.From the correlation analysis,we can see that each part has a high correlation value to the total,indicat ing that all of them contribute to generate language proficiency.

Reliability and Validity of the English Oral Test

English oral test aimsto provide a fair and valid measure of a testee'soral proficiency so asto give an accurate description of his/her oral communicative ability.This paper analysesthe validity and reliability of the college entrance English oral test paper of Guangdong province of 2005.In designing an oral test,in order to make the test reliable,the teacher should take the following factors into consideration:test content,test method,testees'mood,rating scales and rater characteristics.

A Study on reliability and validity of Test for Intensive Reading Course in English Major

This paper evaluates the reliability and validity of a test for four lessons in the book Contemporary College English. The purposeof the paper is to test the proficiency of college teaching in English major by the methods in language testing. Through testing, I illustrate therelationship between English teaching and testing to explore the problems and possible solutions to overcome them.

An Empirical Study on the Reliability and Validity of English Tests

The paper makes a study on six parts, namely, speaking, writing, sentence, cloze, reading and listening in an English test with students at two different proficiency levels. Their score data were studied through reliability analysis, validity analysis, factor analysis and analysis of variance ( ANOVA) to conduct the validation of this English test. The paper tries to explore the score data internal consistency, group difference recognition to maintain the objectivity and accuracy in English tests.

College English Test: Reliability, Validity and Washback Effect

The intent of this paper is to evaluate College English Test(CET)’s reliability,validity and washback effect in the con⁃text of language assessment by applying Brown’s framework of test usefulness.The result of literature review and discussion shows that CET’s student-related reliability and rater reliability for writing section are unfavorable while its test administration reliability and rater reliability for CETSET has been increasing;CET’s content and construct validity are getting improved but its criterionrelated validity has been violated due to students’inappropriate learning attitude;CET’s negative washback has been caused due to the overemphasis on passing rate,but previous surveys shows positive washback in teaching and learning as students’reading and oral communication abilities have been improved.In the end,three suggestions for CET’s development are summed up:empha⁃sis less on test result;inform students with the significance of CET’s reform;the relationship among testing,teaching and learning should be built into a mutual promotion format.

Analysis of CET3 Based on Language Testing

In this paper,some basic theories and terms of language testing,like types of language tests and qualities of good tests were briefly discussed.Then CET3(College English Test Band3) in Beijing was analyzed from three perspectives:design principles,item formats and test content. In the end,some suggestions were given to improve this test.

Validity Considerations in Designing an Oral English Test

Speaking is the main purpose and most important skill for second language learning.This paper reviews the important validity considerations in designing a test,such as face validity,content validity,on the basis of which the author analyzes the oral test paper for the postgraduate entrance interview in Shaanxi University of Technology,thus putting forward some methods to improve the test paper.

Modem Development of Language Testing

This paper primarily focuses on the major development of language testing since 1980s. Critical to testing is me concept of language proficiency or ability which consists two components of language competence （or language knowledge） and strategic competence. A communicative approach to testing is demanding to catch up with the new teaching concept and to measure a learner＇ s cornmunicative competence. Communicative language tests are intended to measure people＇ s ability to use language communicatively in a variety of real life situations.

Enlightenment of the Chinese English Competence Scale on College English Teaching in Applied Colleges and Universities

CSE (China's Standards of English) is China's first English proficiency assessment standard covering all semester. Its abilitygrading reflects the correspondence between the English level of students in each scholastic school and the ability to describe thedescriptors, and it is targeted and instructive for college English teaching. As an English assessment reform that benefits allChinese English learners, the Chinese English Proficiency Rating Scale has an epoch-making significance. One of the core tasks ofthe construction of foreign language assessment system is to formulate a unified competency assessment standard, and to provide ascientific competency index system and accurate Competency Scale for various foreign language examinations. CSE provides acommon reference framework for English learning, teaching and assessment in China, and combines English learning, Englishteaching and English assessment system. Improving the quality of teaching is a concern of every English teacher. The introductionof CSE undoubtedly provides authoritative criteria and powerful impetus for the deepening and refinement of College Englishreform.

On the Optimization of the Quality of Language Tests

Language tests are frequently used as devices to evaluate language learning and teaching; therefore,we must be concerned about the quality—reliability and validity—of our tests.Many researches have showed that the quality of language tests has been decreased owing to the misuse of multiple-choice items.It is necessary to reduce the percentage of objective items in the tests,but what is more important is test writers’ professional skills which can directly affect the quality of the tests. This essay focuses on how to optimize the quality of language tests through the training for test writers. It has become quite urgent and important now,which should involve in familiarizing the writers with basic testing theories,purposes and types of testing,and main specific testing methods.

Key Elements to a Valid Language Test

In developing and using measures of Language abilities, the most important consideration is the use of a language test, so that the most important quality of a test is its usefulness. A model of test usefulness is regarded as the essential basis for quality control throughout the entire test development process. A model of test usefulness includes following qualities--validity, reliability, discrimination and backwash effects.

To What Extent does the Nature of the Language Skill being Taught Influence Test Design

There are many various kinds of English language tests in the world,ranging from IELTS(International English Lan⁃guage Testing System)to TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language).All these tests are designed for different purposes relat⁃ing to various groups of testees.Usually the English language test covers the testing of the four language skills of reading,writing,listening and speaking.The essay will discuss the relationship between the nature of four skills and the test design respectively.

Washback of Task-based Communicative Language Test in a Vocational College(I)

The present study aims at revealing the washback effect of task-based communicative language test(TBCLT) in a vo cational college, with the further purpose to work out some ways to promote positive washback effect and reform the current tests hence to improve vocational teaching.

Washback of Task-based Communicative Language Test(Ⅱ)

The essay aims at revealing the washback effect of task-based communicative language test(TBCLT) in a vocational college, with the further purpose to work out some ways to promote positive washback effect and reform the current tests hence to improve vocational learning.

How to Design an English Test Paper

It is quite necessary for teachers of English to know the basic knowledge and techniques about how to design good English testpapers. To meet this necessity, this paper first tells of the basic principles and requirements of designing English test papers, then the procedures,and, at last, the characters of some test questions and the techniques when designing them.

基于《量表》的英语口语测试开发及效度验证研究

《中国英语能力等级量表》(以下简称《量表》)为我国各学段的英语教、学、评实践提供了理论指导。基于《量表》中口语分量表的口头表达能力描述框架及相应分量表三级到六级的描述语,开发面向西部某高校非英语专业新生的入学后英语口语测试及评分标准,并基于Weir的社会-认知效度验证理论开展多项效度研究。结果表明:《量表》的口语能力描述语对口语测试能力构念的界定和评分标准的研制具有较好的指导作用;基于《量表》开发的口语测试能够准确评估学生的口语水平;基于该测试的口语评定对学生后续英语课程的学业成绩具有良好的预测性。

高中英语完形填空校本测验效度分析——以上海某重点高中为例

完形填空是各类英语测验中备受青睐的题型之一,使用广泛但对其研究较少。目前高中英语完形填空的相关研究主要集中于高考试题,针对校本测验的研究不足,也缺乏相应的分析框架。在《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》出台的背景下,面对高考英语(上海卷)采取题库方式命题的现实情况,本文梳理相关文献,制订出完形填空校本测验效度分析框架,并以一篇完形填空校本测验作为实例分析,以期加强完形填空校本测验命题的科学性,完善校本测验题库建设,以考促教。

考试、标准与教学——学考合格考阅读部分与《量表》对接的实证研究及教学启示

本研究采用改良Angoff法,通过框架熟悉、试题检视、标准设定、效度验证4个步骤,将普通高中学业水平合格性考试阅读部分与《中国英语能力等级量表》(简称《量表》)中“阅读理解能力总表”三至五级对接,测算出三个级别的划界分。通过与《量表》对接,普通高中学业水平合格性考试成绩的解释意义、考试评价功能和社会效应得到了扩展。在对接实证研究的基础上,本研究绘制出基于《量表》的高中阅读教学实践路径图,并分析其实践成效。

外语口语考试的效度和信度研究述评

外语口语考试旨在对考生的口语能力进行公正、合理的测量,从而准确地反映考生的口语水平.但是,口语考试的效度和信度受到多方面因素的影响,例如,口试形式、任务内容、评分标准和考官素质等.本文查阅研究了国内外近10年来在外语测试及外语学习研究期刊上发表的相关文献,对口语考试的效度和信度研究进行了评述.结合目前国内开展的英语口试实践和研究,提出改进建议.