The Benzhu worship is a traditional folk activity of the Bai ethnic group in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Prov?ince, which has long history with colourful culture. When the sacred ceremonies are held, Bai vi...The Benzhu worship is a traditional folk activity of the Bai ethnic group in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Prov?ince, which has long history with colourful culture. When the sacred ceremonies are held, Bai villagers always get together to celebrate. In the Benzhu worship, language plays significant functions, including the performative function, recreational function, emotive function and interpersonal function.展开更多
In Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province,there exists a quite special and interesting cultural phenomenon of the Bai ethnic group,which is the belief in Benzhu.There are a lot of poems and couplets in Benzhu ...In Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province,there exists a quite special and interesting cultural phenomenon of the Bai ethnic group,which is the belief in Benzhu.There are a lot of poems and couplets in Benzhu temples.The poems are carved on the walls and tablets.The couplets,being on both sides of the doors,are carved on planks or written on red paper.Lan guage used in the poems and couplets plays the informative function.展开更多
Background:Asthma disproportionately affects minority and low-income children.We examined asthma prevalence,management and outcomes,focusing on race/ethnicity and acculturation of parents(particularly English language...Background:Asthma disproportionately affects minority and low-income children.We examined asthma prevalence,management and outcomes,focusing on race/ethnicity and acculturation of parents(particularly English language proficiency).Methods:This cross-sectional,correlational analysis used a de-identified population-based survey,the California Health Interview Survey,for years 2001–2015.Survey-weighted analysis with SAS 9.4 was used to determine asthma prevalence among children 1 to 11 years of age.Descriptive analysis was conducted,adjusting for survey design and combination of multiple years of data.The Pearson test,using design-based F values was used to determine statistically significant differences between those having/not having a doctor diagnosis of asthma.Multivariable logistic regression,with jackknife approach to obtain confidence intervals,was used to examine associations of child and parental characteristics with asthma prevalence,management,and outcomes.Results:The 61,625 completed surveys represented an estimated annual population of 5.7 million children,of which 12.9%had asthma.There were significant(p<0.001)differences by age,gender,race,and language proficiency,with higher asthma prevalence for children 6 to 11 years of age(15.5%),males(15.3%),African Americans(19.5%),and parents speaking English very well(14.1%).Compared to children whose parents spoke English very well,those whose parents spoke English not well or not at all were less likely to achieve optimal asthma management,i.e.to have received a management plan from doctor(OR 0.30;95%Confidence Interval 0.20–0.46)),to be currently taking medication to control asthma(OR 0.52;95%CI 0.36–0.74)),or to be not confident in ability to control asthma(OR 3.10;95%CI 1.49–6.42).Children whose parents spoke English fairly well rather than very well had worse outcomes,i.e.were more likely to have an emergency room visit in past 12 months(OR 1.92;95%CI 1.03–3.61)and were more likely to miss school due to asthma in past 12 months(OR 0.71;1.01–2.94).Conclusions:Socio-demographics had a limited role in explaining differences across a handful of asthma management and outcome measures in California.Parental English language proficiency had the most consistent influence,underscoring the need for culturally and linguistically competent care.展开更多
Minority language literacy is an important issue in national education policy for any multi-nationality country.China sticks to the policy of safeguarding the rights and interests of ethnic minority groups to use thei...Minority language literacy is an important issue in national education policy for any multi-nationality country.China sticks to the policy of safeguarding the rights and interests of ethnic minority groups to use their own languages and writing systems.In education,considering communications among different nationalities and the development of minority ethnic groups,a bilingual education policy is being implemented by insisting on teaching students in their own ethnic languages;when the mastery of their own languages has been achieved,bilingual teaching will be employed.There are three types of bilingual teaching for minority ethnic groups:teaching in their own languages,with Mandarin Chinese added;teaching in Mandarin Chinese,with minority languages added;teaching both in Mandarin Chinese and in minority languages.The biggest problems to be solved in implementing bilingual education in ethnic minority regions are the editing of language textbooks and supporting materials for minority ethnic groups and the training of ethnic minority teachers.展开更多
In the work concerning ethnic groups in the People's Republic of China,the Communist Party of China(CPC)and the state adopted the policy of promoting national common language in line with the needs of ethnic devel...In the work concerning ethnic groups in the People's Republic of China,the Communist Party of China(CPC)and the state adopted the policy of promoting national common language in line with the needs of ethnic development,while safeguarding the rights of various ethnic groups in using their languages.This paper reviews the role of the policy of national common language in facilitating the development of ethnic areas in different historical periods of China.It is believed that this practical and gradual policy of language conforms to the needs of social,economic and cultural development in different periods in China,which greatly improves the comprehensive abilities of the people of all ethnic groups and turns the Chinese nation into a community of shared future with higher acceptance and stronger cohesion.展开更多
文摘The Benzhu worship is a traditional folk activity of the Bai ethnic group in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Prov?ince, which has long history with colourful culture. When the sacred ceremonies are held, Bai villagers always get together to celebrate. In the Benzhu worship, language plays significant functions, including the performative function, recreational function, emotive function and interpersonal function.
文摘In Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province,there exists a quite special and interesting cultural phenomenon of the Bai ethnic group,which is the belief in Benzhu.There are a lot of poems and couplets in Benzhu temples.The poems are carved on the walls and tablets.The couplets,being on both sides of the doors,are carved on planks or written on red paper.Lan guage used in the poems and couplets plays the informative function.
文摘Background:Asthma disproportionately affects minority and low-income children.We examined asthma prevalence,management and outcomes,focusing on race/ethnicity and acculturation of parents(particularly English language proficiency).Methods:This cross-sectional,correlational analysis used a de-identified population-based survey,the California Health Interview Survey,for years 2001–2015.Survey-weighted analysis with SAS 9.4 was used to determine asthma prevalence among children 1 to 11 years of age.Descriptive analysis was conducted,adjusting for survey design and combination of multiple years of data.The Pearson test,using design-based F values was used to determine statistically significant differences between those having/not having a doctor diagnosis of asthma.Multivariable logistic regression,with jackknife approach to obtain confidence intervals,was used to examine associations of child and parental characteristics with asthma prevalence,management,and outcomes.Results:The 61,625 completed surveys represented an estimated annual population of 5.7 million children,of which 12.9%had asthma.There were significant(p<0.001)differences by age,gender,race,and language proficiency,with higher asthma prevalence for children 6 to 11 years of age(15.5%),males(15.3%),African Americans(19.5%),and parents speaking English very well(14.1%).Compared to children whose parents spoke English very well,those whose parents spoke English not well or not at all were less likely to achieve optimal asthma management,i.e.to have received a management plan from doctor(OR 0.30;95%Confidence Interval 0.20–0.46)),to be currently taking medication to control asthma(OR 0.52;95%CI 0.36–0.74)),or to be not confident in ability to control asthma(OR 3.10;95%CI 1.49–6.42).Children whose parents spoke English fairly well rather than very well had worse outcomes,i.e.were more likely to have an emergency room visit in past 12 months(OR 1.92;95%CI 1.03–3.61)and were more likely to miss school due to asthma in past 12 months(OR 0.71;1.01–2.94).Conclusions:Socio-demographics had a limited role in explaining differences across a handful of asthma management and outcome measures in California.Parental English language proficiency had the most consistent influence,underscoring the need for culturally and linguistically competent care.
基金This study is funded by 2010 National Science Education Programs(No.ADA100008).The author is grateful for the translation by Dr.Yao Zhenjun.
文摘Minority language literacy is an important issue in national education policy for any multi-nationality country.China sticks to the policy of safeguarding the rights and interests of ethnic minority groups to use their own languages and writing systems.In education,considering communications among different nationalities and the development of minority ethnic groups,a bilingual education policy is being implemented by insisting on teaching students in their own ethnic languages;when the mastery of their own languages has been achieved,bilingual teaching will be employed.There are three types of bilingual teaching for minority ethnic groups:teaching in their own languages,with Mandarin Chinese added;teaching in Mandarin Chinese,with minority languages added;teaching both in Mandarin Chinese and in minority languages.The biggest problems to be solved in implementing bilingual education in ethnic minority regions are the editing of language textbooks and supporting materials for minority ethnic groups and the training of ethnic minority teachers.
文摘In the work concerning ethnic groups in the People's Republic of China,the Communist Party of China(CPC)and the state adopted the policy of promoting national common language in line with the needs of ethnic development,while safeguarding the rights of various ethnic groups in using their languages.This paper reviews the role of the policy of national common language in facilitating the development of ethnic areas in different historical periods of China.It is believed that this practical and gradual policy of language conforms to the needs of social,economic and cultural development in different periods in China,which greatly improves the comprehensive abilities of the people of all ethnic groups and turns the Chinese nation into a community of shared future with higher acceptance and stronger cohesion.
