Non-official Languages in Secondary School Education in Cameroon： Attitudes and Prospects

This paper examines the teaching and learning of non-official languages in formal secondary education in Cameroon and the attitudes of learners to these languages. The data consist of a ten-item questionnaire administered in the University of Yaounde I during registration, a period when pupils from the ten regions of the country come to Yaounde to seek admission into this university＇. The informants, who were 432 learners having completed secondary education in Cameroon, were distributed as follows： 180 arts pupils, 192 science pupils and 60 parents. The findings revealed that these languages are compulsory school subjects that most learners hated but had to take them just to pass their examinations. As a result, they had very limited competence in them as most of them reported that they could not hold a three-minute conversation in these languages on completion of secondary education. They suggested that the pool of languages to choose from be increased from the current two languages to many others including Cameroonian, African and Asian tongues. Innovative ways for diversifying the pool of non-official languages and implementation strategies for a smooth integration of such a pool of languages in the school system are outlined.

An Empirical Study on Students’Evaluation of Moral Education in Foreign Language Education in China

Students’evaluation of moral education is of great significance for improving the quality of teaching.Through a survey of 2715 undergraduates majoring in foreign languages,this paper analyzes their evaluation of the moral education.Findings show that students speak highly of teachers’competence in moral education,teaching methods and the integration of moral education in the textbooks,but not in the course assessment and the overall effect of moral education.Suggestions were proposed accordingly to improve moral education of foreign language education in China.

On the Relationship between Chinese Language Education in Malaysia and Indonesia with Their National Conditions

Chinese language education exists in both Malaysia and Indonesia. The commonalities and individualities of the national conditions of both countries have an impact on their Chinese language education. The official languages scripts, and major beliefs of the two countries are quite similar, and under their influence, local Chinese have special expectations for Chinese language education. Compared to Indonesia, Malaysian Chinese have a larger proportion of the population and a tendency towards marriage, which to some extent is more conducive to the Chinese language education of local Chinese. Both countries’ national conditions and personalities have unfavorable factors for local Chinese language education.

Research Nexus and Implications of Learner Identity in Foreign Language Education

One of the most obvious markers of an individual’s identity is their language.However,in some ways,the relationship between identity and language acquisition seems to be missed.In fact,a lot of studies have shown that identity may influence the reasons behind language acquisition,especially in bilingual or multilingual societies.Learning English can provide EFL(English as a Foreign Language)students with a good sense of identity and encourage them to practice their agency,which can improve learning efficiency and effectiveness.This paper examines how the efficacy and results of language learning are influenced by the learner’s identity.

Reflections on Conducting Kindergarten Language Education Activities Based on Children’s Literature

In early childhood education,language education is a crucial component,yet in kindergarten teaching,there often exists issues such as“emphasis on knowledge and neglect of practice.”To address this problem,teachers need to incorporate children’s literature in a reasonable manner to create a conducive environment for language education for young children.This article analyzes and discusses the significance of integrating children’s literature into kindergarten language education activities,and proposes strategies for addressing the current issues in kindergarten language education activities and conducting them based on children’s literature.

A Study on the Pedagogical Application of Chinese New Year Culture in International Chinese Language Education

Culture teaching is an inseparable part of International Chinese Language Education,and it has great significance in international Chinese language teaching.Students can enhance their interest in Chinese language learning and improve their learning effect through understanding the excellent traditional Chinese culture,at the same time,culture teaching can help to disseminate the Chinese culture and promote the development of a multicultural world.Taking the teaching of Chinese New Year culture as an example,we analyze the current teaching materials involving Chinese New Year culture with high popularity and acceptance,put forward effective teaching methods matching the feasibility of teaching Chinese New Year culture,and then present the specific teaching design of Chinese New Year culture,in order to provide references for the teaching of culture in International Chinese Language Education.

A Comparative Study of the Value Orientations of Foreign Language Education Policies in China and the United States in the 21st Century

Since the 21 st century, both Chinese Mainland and the United States have formulated foreign language education policiesbased on their national needs. This paper makes a comparative study of the value orientations of foreign language education poli-cies in Chinese Mainland and the United States in the 21 st century and finds that both China and the United States have regardedtheir national interests as the essential value orientation of their foreign language education policies. To be specific,the core valueorientation of foreign language education policies in China is to enhance its cultural soft power.In contrast,the core value orienta-tion of foreign language education policies in the United States is to safeguard its national security. Through the comparison of thedifferent value orientations of foreign language education policies of the two countries, the paper provides some reference for the for-eign language education policy-making in Chinese Mainland.

Intercultural Language Education and the Challenges Chinese College English Teachers Face

Currently,intercultural language education is a topic which receives much interest due to the rise of globalization,but theories and practice in this field are on the preliminary stage of development in China.To understand ILE better,its background,theory basis,goals,related researches are reviewed and analyzed.Since ILE is relatively new in China,language teachers are facing new challenges in developing intercultural teaching competence to achieve the success of language education.Such challenges consist of understanding the language itself,the difficulty in understanding and teaching culture,designing practical classroom activities and selecting content.

The impact of ChatGPT on foreign language teaching and learning: Opportunities in education and research

The revolutionary online application ChatGPT has brought immense concerns to the education field.Foreign language teachers being some of those most reliant on writing assessments were among the most anxious,exacerbated by the extensive media coverage about the much-fantasized functionality of the chatbot.Hence,the article starts by elucidating the mechanisms,functions and common misconceptions about ChatGPT.Issues and risks associated with its usage are discussed,followed by an in-depth discussion of how the chatbot can be harnessed by learners and teachers.It is argued that ChatGPT offers major opportunities for teachers and education institutes to improve second/foreign language teaching and assessments,which similarly provided researchers with an array of research opportunities,especially towards a more personalized learning experience.

International Chinese Language Education and Building a Community of Shared Future for Mankind

Human society is now confronted with a variety of threats.Given that,the idea and initiative of building a community of shared future for mankind is positively echoed by people around the world.Accordingly,international Chinese language education should play an active role in building a community of shared future for mankind,which is determined by the mission and nature of this educational cause.The idea of building a community of shared future for mankind points a right way for the development of international Chinese language education,injects new vigor to this cause,and also creates a more friendly and favorable external environment.International Chinese language education should help facilitate the building of a community of shared future for mankind and contribute Chinese wisdom to the common progress of mankind in the new era.

Language Education Optimization: A New Human-Based Metaheuristic Algorithm for Solving Optimization Problems

In this paper,based on the concept of the NFL theorem,that there is no unique algorithm that has the best performance for all optimization problems,a new human-based metaheuristic algorithm called Language Education Optimization(LEO)is introduced,which is used to solve optimization problems.LEO is inspired by the foreign language education process in which a language teacher trains the students of language schools in the desired language skills and rules.LEO is mathematically modeled in three phases:(i)students selecting their teacher,(ii)students learning from each other,and(iii)individual practice,considering exploration in local search and exploitation in local search.The performance of LEO in optimization tasks has been challenged against fifty-two benchmark functions of a variety of unimodal,multimodal types and the CEC 2017 test suite.The optimization results show that LEO,with its acceptable ability in exploration,exploitation,and maintaining a balance between them,has efficient performance in optimization applications and solution presentation.LEO efficiency in optimization tasks is compared with ten well-known metaheuristic algorithms.Analyses of the simulation results show that LEO has effective performance in dealing with optimization tasks and is significantly superior andmore competitive in combating the compared algorithms.The implementation results of the proposed approach to four engineering design problems show the effectiveness of LEO in solving real-world optimization applications.

Promoting the International Dissemination of Chinese Culture Through International Chinese Language Education: A Case Study of Chinese-English Idiomatic Equivalence

One major task of our improvement of China’s international communication capabilities is to tell China’s stories well and make China’s voice heard to communicate a comprehensive,multi-dimensional view of China in the international arena.International Chinese language education bears the dual responsibility of spreading the Chinese language and promoting the Chinese culture.How to shape global narratives for telling China’s stories and improve China’s international communication capabilities has become an important issue that concerns international Chinese language education.Chinese idioms,which are hidden treasures of the Chinese language,can play a unique role in this regard.It is therefore necessary to review the content and methods of including idioms in international Chinese language education.In this paper,instruction in idioms is approached by making a corpus-based comparative analysis from the theoretical perspectives of equivalence,cognitive metaphor,and second language acquisition.Qualitative and quantitative methods are combined to analyze idioms to be added to the vocabulary of international Chinese language education in three dimensions:word frequency,semantic transparency,and functional equivalence.This paper aims to explore a new approach to the dissemination of Chinese culture through instruction in idioms in international Chinese language education.

English-Only Policy and Bilingual/ESL Teacher Education in the US＂ From Insiders＇ Perspectives

This paper is based on a study that was done to explore the perspectives of teacher candidates and faculty members of teacher education programs of a university of Arizona. The purpose of the study was to look into K-12 language teacher education programs in the backdrop of globalization. The data of the study came from a sample of 200 prospective teachers/candidates and students, and 24 faculty members/program administrators of teacher education programs of a university of Arizona. The results of the study showed that the majority of teacher candidates felt underprepared to teach diverse student populations. Similarly, most participants expressed their concerns over English-only policy of Arizona and they reported it as a major barrier for the education of English language learners.

Effective Application of Micro Course Resources in Children’s Language Education

Based on the connotation of micro course education model as the starting point,this paper analyzes the necessity and the significance of micro course resources in early childhood language education and the present situation of the application of micro course resources,explores the reason why the small class education model is stagnant,and puts forward corresponding countermeasures,so as to show the value of micro course resources in pre-school education field,and enable children to fall in love with language and to learn language well through micro course learning.

Politics of Language Choice in African Education： The Case of Kenya and Malawi

In August 2015 the government of South Afiica issued Circular S10 of 2015, to inform education authorities that Mandarin would be taught in the schools beginning January 2016. Immediately, the South African Democratic Teachers＇ Union （Sadtu） expressed stiff opposition to it, rejecting it as constituting a ＂new form of colonization＂. The notification informed national and provincial education authorities that Mandarin would be incrementally implemented in schools such that ＂Grades 4-9 and 10 will be implemented in January 2016, followed by grade 11 in 2017 and grade 12 in 2018＂ （Nkosi, 2015）. Part of the justification for the introduction of Mandarin is that China is South Africa＇s biggest trading partner; as such, it is important for the children of South Africa to ＂become proficient in the Confucius language and develop a good understanding of Chinese culture＂ （Nkosi, 2015）. There was nothing said about China＇s reciprocation through changes to the language curriculum of China＇s educational system. Sadtu＇s reaction conforms to the interrogation of the use of language and education as the arena of power politics, exemplified here by the asymmetric power relations between the two countries. This feeds into the realities of African education that, largely, remains shackled through its content and languages of instruction to foreign knowledge systems, reinforced through globalization, science and technology. For instance, with regard to language of instruction the Malawi Government issued the Education Act of 2012 that decreed that English would be studied and used as medium of instruction from grade 1. Language-in-education policies of other African countries differ minimally from that of Malawi. With focus on Kenya and Malawi the paper will examine the politics of language and curricula in African education.

Inclusion or Exclusion of Roma Children From the Serbian Educational System？

The Roma represents one of the major ethnolinguistic minorities in Serbia. According to the last census, 108,193 Roma citizens live in the Republic of Serbia, and they represent 1.44% of the total population. Because of the frequent migrations and unreported places of residence, it may be considered that this data do not demonstrate the real situation. According to the unofficial data of the Ministry for Human and Minority Rights, it is considered that there are between 400 to 500 thousand Roma citizens in Serbia. Due to a number of economic and social reasons less than 40% of Roma children become part of the overall formal education system. Even though many Non-Governmental Organization （NGO） programs try to include Roma children into educational system, segregation and discrimination are still present. The causes tbr exclusion of the Roma children from the Serbian educational system are numerous： poor economic situation of Roma families, complicated bureaucracy, and low level of competence in language of education, etc.. This paper examines the main reasons for exclusion of the Roma children from the Serbian educational system, and offers some ideas for programs that could change the present situation and help Roma children integrate in educational system and society.

Reflections on Foreign Language Education Policy Reform in China Under the Background of“One Belt and One Road”Initiative

The initiative of“One Belt and One Road”is an important development strategy under the new normal economic background of China,and foreign economic development relies heavily on foreign language talents of the nation.However,the current foreign language education in China has faced problems from a shortage of compound foreign language talents,inadequacy of foreign languages offered,and imbalanced regional development.Given that the initiative has higher requirements for cultivating foreign language talents,we hold that China’s current foreign language education policy may reform from conducting theoretical studies of foreign language teaching,offering more foreign languages and enhancing professional development of teachers.Conversely,China’s foreign language talents can contribute more to the effective and smooth implementation of the“One Belt and One Road”initiative.

Native-speakerism in China:An Investigation of Foreign Language Education Policy and Learners’Attitudes

With the development of globalization,the use of English is no longer restricted to native speaker(NS)but also widely spread to non-native speaker(NNS).The importance of English learning is also acknowledged by Expanding and Outer Circle,and English as a foreign language(EFL)education plays a significant role in China’s education.Admitting the fact that non-native English teachers(NNESTs)take up a large proportion of English teachers,English language teaching(ELT)is still greatly influenced by native-speakerism.This research aims to investigate language ideologies reflected in Chinese foreign language education policy(FLEP)at higher education level,and Chinese English learners’attitudes towards native-speakerism and English teachers.A mixed method of policy analysis and survey is adopted in this research.After conducting analysing two FLEPs in higher education level,it is found that linguistic instrumentalism is the prominent language ideology,although native-speakerism and standard English ideology is implicitly demonstrated.Questionnaire is used to investigate 58 Chinese English learners’attitudes,revealing that most participants do not demonstrate bias towards either NESTs or NNESTs.Instead,the strengths and weaknesses of both NEST and NNEST are identified,though participants adhere to native-speakerism in terms of English variety.Overall,English learner’s attitudes are consistent with language ideologies in FLEPs.This research may provide implications for future studies on addressing native-speakerism in Chinese FLEPs,as well as relationship of students’attitudes and language policies.

A Citespace Analysis of International Studies on Romanian Foreign Language Education Reform in Universities

Given the institutional similarities between Romania and China in history,its experience in the field of foreign language education reform in colleges and universities can be used for reference in the reform of foreign language teaching of higher education in China.With the help of Citespace,this paper presents a visual statistical analysis of 47 SSCI international journal articles on foreign language reform in Romanian universities and gives some suggestions on foreign language education reform in Chinese universities from four aspects:teaching environment,content,technology and cooperation.

Language Education for Preschool Children Based on Bandura's Self-efficacy Theory

Self-efficacy was proposed by American psychologist Bandura in 1977.This paper explores the relationship between self-efficacy theory and children's language development,and proposes strategies to improve children’s self-efficacy in an all-round way,such as correcting adults’attitudes towards children’s language learning,paying attention to children’s individual language learning experience,playing a role of peer model demonstration,setting up the moderate difficulty of language learning task,and exerting children's self-efficacy in language learning in different types of language activities.