Initial experience of laparoendoscopic single-site radical prostatectomy with a novel purpose-built robotic system

Objective This prospective single-arm clinical trial aimed to evaluated the feasibility and safety of the application of the SHURUI system(Beijing Surgerii Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing,China),a novel purpose-built robotic system,in single-port robotic radical prostatectomy.Methods Sixteen patients diagnosed with prostate cancer were prospectively enrolled in and underwent robotic radical prostatectomy from October 2021 to August 2022 by the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system.The demographic and baseline data,surgical,oncological,and functional outcomes as well as follow-up data were recorded.Results The mean operative time was 226.3(standard deviation[SD]52.0)min,and the mean console time was 183.4(SD 48.3)min,with the mean estimated blood loss of 116.3(SD 90.0)mL.The mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 4.50(SD 0.97)days.Two patients had postoperative complications(Clavien-Dindo Grade II),and both patients improved after conservative treatment.All patients’postoperative prostate-specific antigen levels decreased to below 0.2 ng/mL 1 month after discharge.The mean prostate-specific antigen level further decreased to a mean of 0.0219(SD 0.0641)ng/mL 6 months after surgery.Thirty days postoperatively,12 out of 16 patients reported using no more than one urinary pad per day,and all patients reported satisfactory urinary control without the need for pads 6 months after surgery.Conclusion The SHURUI system is safe and feasible in performing radical prostatectomy via both transperitoneal and extraperitoneal approaches.Tumor control and urinary continence were satisfying for patients enrolled in.The next phase involves conducting a large-scale,multicenter randomized controlled trial to thoroughly assess the effectiveness and safety of the new technology in a broader population.

Robotic laparoendoscopic single-site surgery(R-LESS) ：current status in urology

Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery(LESS)is technically challenging;it can reduces instrument triangulation and robust retraction and is associated with a steep learning curve.The instruments of the daVinci  surgical system(Intuitive Surgical)are designed with seven degrees of motion mimicing the dexterity of the human hand and wrist.This inherent feature of the robotic arm provides superior ergonomics when performing LESS,especially for complex reconstructive surgery.This review analyzes the evidence supporting current and future application of robotic technology in the field of urologic LESS.

Transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery of simple nephrectomy of nonfunctioning kidney: a two-year experience

Background: Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) may serve as a potential alternative to conventional laparoscopy and is developing quickly, but still in its infancy. The study is to present our two-year experience in transumbilical LESS simple nephrectomy (LESS-SN) for non-functioning kidney, in an effort to evaluate its feasibility, clinical outcomes and potential advantages. Methods: From December 2008 to December 2010, a total of 11 patients with body mass index (BMI) ≤30 underwent transumbilical TriPort TM LESS-SN by a single experienced urologist at our institution. The indications for nephrectomy included nonfunctioning kidney associated with ureteropelvic junctionstricture (n=1), ureteral calculi (n=6), tuberculosis (n=3), and ureteral stricture (n=1). Patient demographics, perioperative and follow-up data were prospectively collected and analyzed. Results: Ten procedures were successfully completed with one patient converted to open surgery due to uncontrollable bleeding. The mean operative time was 189.2 (ranging 100~320 min) with an estimated blood loss of 204.5 (ranging 50-1 000 ml). There were two complications of bleeding (1- intra-, 1- post-). The mean hospitalization after surgery was 7.9 d (ranging 4-17 d). With a regular follow-up of 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery, all patients remained symptom-free with an intra-umbilical scar. Conclusion: Transumbilical LESS simple nephrectomy for nonfunctioning kidney can be accomplished with favorable surgical outcomes and a superiority of cosmesis. However, cases with chronic inflammation are not suitable for initial up-take and should only be attempted by the very experienced laparoscopist.

A Comparison between Laparoendoscopic Single-Site and Conventional Laparoscopic Renal Stone Removal Surgery: A Study of Application in Two Cases

Aim: To present our initial experience of applying laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) nephrolithotomy in the treatment of renal calculi. Methods: In August 2010 and April 2012, the LESS nephrolithotomy technique was applied to treat two patients with a renal calculus. One patient had a calculus measuring 5 × 3 cm, and the second patient's measured 3 × 3 cm. Both patients underwent general anesthesia. The operations were performed through a retroperitoneal approach with a single-port instrument inserted through the retroperitoneal incision. The standard laparoscopic retroperitoneal technique was performed, and the calculi were removed by incising the area of the thin renal cortex and the renal pelvis, respectively. The operating time, estimated blood loss, intraoperative complications, other complications, drainage time, and post-operative hospital stay were recorded. Results: Both procedures were completed successfully. No additional trocars were added. No conversion to standard laparoscopic or open surgery was needed. The operating times were 130 min and 120 min, and the estimated blood losses were 40 mL and 30 mL. There were no intraoperative complications. The wound drainage times were 3 d and 2 d, respectively and the post-operative hospital stays were 8 d and 7 d, respectively. There was no secondary bleeding or wound infection. Follow-up times were 2 years and 3 months, respectively. No incidence of hydronephrosis was recorded. Conclusions: LESS nephrolithotomy is safe and feasible for treating kidney calculi. It can be applied in patients with large renal calculi and regionally thin renal parenchyma.

Transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery(LESS) partial nephrectomy:a median follow-up of 2 years

Objective:Nephron-sparing surgery(NSS) for small renal masses offers a similar functional and oncological outcome to that of radical surgery.Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery(LESS) emerges as an advanced alternative for reduced invasiveness and improves cosmesis;LESS is developing quickly and its indications have been expanded,but still in its infancy.The aim of this paper is to report our preliminary experience in transumbilical LESS partial nephrectomy(LESS-PN),so as to assess its utility, safety and efficacy.Methods:From August 2009 to October 2010,3 patients underwent transumbilical LESS-PN via a novel multi-channel TriPort by a single experienced urologist in our institution.Patient demographics,perioperative and follow-up data were prospectively collected and analyzed.Results:All the three procedures were successfully completed.A 5-mm ancillary trocar was utilized in all 3 cases.The mean operative duration was 226.3(210-254 min) with an estimated blood loss of 56.7 ml (20-100 ml).Mean warm ischemia time was 35.7 min(19-48 min).One patient was transfused due to postoperative bleeding. The recovery was uneventful and mean length of postoperative stay was 13 days(12-14 days).At the latest follow-up,all patients remained symptom-free and had normal renal function without evidence of recurrence,and they were delighted for a hidden transumbilical scar.Conclusion:Transumbilical LESS-PN is a feasible and safe procedure albeit extremely technically challenging.Surgical outcomes at a median follow-up of 2 years are promising,while currently it should be reserved for highly selected patients with favorable tumor anatomy and performed by a very experienced laparoscopic surgeon.

Technical and instrumental prerequisites for single-port laparoscopic solo surgery:state of art

With the aid of advanced surgical techniques and instruments, single-port laparoscopic surgery(SPLS) can be accomplished with just two surgical members: an operator and a camera assistant. Under these circumstances, the reasonable replacement of a human camera assistant by a mechanical camera holder has resulted in a new surgical procedure termed singleport solo surgery(SPSS). In SPSS, the fixation and coordinated movement of a camera held by mechanicaldevices provides fixed and stable operative images that are under the control of the operator. Therefore, SPSS primarily benefits from the provision of the operator's eye-to-hand coordination. Because SPSS is an intuitive modification of SPLS, the indications for SPSS are the same as those for SPLS. Though SPSS necessitates more actions than the surgery with a human assistant, these difficulties seem to be easily overcome by the greater provision of static operative images and the need for less lens cleaning and repositioning of the camera. When the operation is expected to be difficult and demanding, the SPSS process could be assisted by the addition of another instrument holder besides the camera holder.

Laparoendoscopic single-site distal pancreatectomy in pigs

AIM:To explore the technique for laparoendoscopic single-site distal pancreatectomy.METHODS:Laparoendoscopic single-site spleenpreserving distal pancreatectomy was performed in pigs using a novel flexible multichannel port,a curved laparoscopic multifunctional operative device and a fish hook retractor,which provided a favorable operative field.RESULTS:Six pigs were involved in this study,and five survived the procedure.The first animal died following injury to the superior mesenteric vein and uncontrolledintraoperative bleeding.Except for this failure,the mean operative time was 155 min(range:102-236 min).A steep learning curve was observed in the study,with a mean operative time of 177 min in the first two operations vs 134 min in the last three operations.The mean blood loss was 50 mL,and the postoperative course was uneventful.The animals were sacrificed three weeks after the procedures,and no pancreatic leakage or abdominal infection was found macroscopically.CONCLUSION:Laparoendoscopic single-site distal pancreatectomy is a safe and feasible procedure and can be implemented in humans in selected cases at qualified surgical centers.

First 100 cases of transvesical single-port robotic radical prostatectomy

Objective:To describe the surgical technique and report the early outcomes of the transvesical(TV)approach to single-port(SP)robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.Methods:All procedures were performed at a single center by one surgeon.We identified the first 100 consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer that underwent SP TV robot-assisted radical prostatectomy using the da Vinci SP robotic surgical system.Data were collected prospectively and analyzed with descriptive statistics.The primary outcomes assessed were postoperative urinary continence,rate of biochemical recurrence,and sexual function.Results:All procedures were performed without extra ports or conversion.The median age was 62.1 years and 49.0%of the patients had abdominal surgery history.The preoperative median prostate-specific antigen value and prostate volume were 5.0 ng/mL and 33.0 mL,respectively.There were no intraoperative complications.The median operative time and estimated blood loss were 212.5 min and 100.0 mL,respectively.A total of 92.0%of patients were discharged within 24.0 h,with an overall median length of stay of 5.6 h.Only 4.0%of patients required opioid prescriptions at discharge.The median Foley catheter duration was 3 days.Positive margins were present in 15.0%of cases.Median follow-up was 10.4 months.Continence rate was immediate after Foley removal in 49.0%of cases,65.0%at 2 weeks,77.4%at 6 weeks,94.1%at 6 months,and 98.9%at 1 year.One case of biochemical recurrence(1.0%)was noted 3 months after surgery.Conclusion:The SP TV approach for radical prostatectomy cases is a safe and feasible technique for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.This technique offers advantages of short hospital stay,minimal narcotic use postoperatively,and promising early return of urinary continence,without compromising oncologic outcomes.

Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Combined Hysterectomy and Nephrectomy in Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis

Within the advance ports and instruments, laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery has been increasingly used among gynaecologic surgeons. In addition, advanced port systems have enabled to perform concomitant surgical procedures via transumbilical incision. However, combined surgical operations are rarely reported in the literature, particularly in gynaecology. This case report presents a 42-year-old woman who undergo concomitant LESS hysterectomy and nephrectomy due to deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) and end stage renal disease. The operation is performed in approximately 3 hours without any complications, and the patient is discharged on postoperative third day. This case demonstrates that complex concomitant operations even in a patient with DIE can be performed using a LESS surgical approach.

郑氏4C悬吊法经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗宫颈癌的疗效及预后分析

目的探讨郑氏4C悬吊法经脐单孔腹腔镜手术(TU-LSSS)治疗宫颈癌的疗效,并分析其预后。方法选取我院收治的宫颈癌患者92例,并随机分为对照组(传统腹腔镜术)和观察组(郑氏4C悬吊法TU-LSSS),每组46例。比较2组患者围术期相关指标。随访3年,记录患者无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS),并分析预后的影响因素。结果与对照组比较,观察组患者手术时间更长(P<0.05),术中出血量更少(P<0.05),术后肠鸣音恢复时间、住院时间更短(P<0.05),术后3年PFS率、3年OS率更高(P<0.05)。随访3年,疾病进展或死亡共11例。经单因素分析,预后良好组与预后不良组患者肿瘤直径、临床分期、淋巴结转移、脉管浸润、治疗方法比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);二元Logistic回归分析显示,肿瘤直径(≥4 cm)、临床分期(≥ⅠB2期)、淋巴结转移、脉管浸润是宫颈癌预后的危险因素(P<0.05),郑氏4C悬吊法TU-LSSS是保护因素(P<0.05)。结论郑氏4C悬吊法TU-LSSS治疗宫颈癌可有效促进患者恢复,提高3年PFS率和OS率。预后与多种因素有关,需根据不同危险因素给予针对性处理。

机器人辅助经腹膜后入路单孔腹腔镜下活体供肾切取术:全球首例报道(附视频)

南京医科大学第二附属医院泌尿外科于2023年5月收治1例“左侧供肾”患者,完成了首例机器人辅助经腹膜后入路单孔腹腔镜下活体供肾切取术,该术式国内外尚无相关报道。手术顺利完成,未增加额外切口,术前机器人定位时间8 min,手术时间83 min,术中出血20 ml,热缺血时间3 min,冷缺血时间131 min。供肾动脉长3.5 cm,静脉长5.1 cm,输尿管长15 cm。皮肤切口长度为6 cm。供者术后复查肾功能正常,无任何围手术期并发症,术后3 d出院。肾移植术中再通血流后,移植肾色泽良好,张力正常,30 s后即有尿液流出,受者术后2 d血肌酐降至正常,未出现移植肾功能延迟恢复。结果表明,机器人辅助经腹膜后入路单孔腹腔镜下活体供肾切取术具有安全、可靠、创伤小、恢复快、体表切口美观等优势,具有良好的临床应用前景。

达芬奇机器人SP系统在泌尿外科的应用与发展

达芬奇机器人SP系统是一种智能化微创手术系统,其立体化、精准化的优势将有助于完成高难度、复杂手术。达芬奇机器人SP系统是单孔领域的一大助力,并已广泛应用于泌尿外科。与传统开腹手术相比,微创手术具有缩短住院时间和加速患者术后恢复等优势。为了减少手术切口,并在一定程度上满足现代美学要求,单孔腹腔镜手术(LESS)在临床应用甚广,但LESS在一定程度上存在器械间相互干扰,影响手术操作,进而限制了LESS在临床的进一步应用,这就要求符合美学概念和对器械三维关系影响小的新器械出现。因此更符合人体构造学及更具三维立体感的达芬奇机器人SP系统应运而生。达芬奇机器人SP系统规避了LESS的一些风险,并结合了达芬奇机器人系统与单切口的优势,近年来被广用于泌尿外科领域,本文就达芬奇机器人SP系统在泌尿外科领域的发展和应用进行综述。

三种腹腔镜手术在异位妊娠治疗的临床对比研究

目的比较经阴道自然腔道内镜手术(transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery,v-NOTES)、经脐单孔腹腔镜手术(transumbilical laparoendoscopic single site surgery,TU-LESS)及传统腹腔镜手术治疗异位妊娠的疗效与差异。方法回顾性选取2019年6月至2022年6月扬州大学医学院附属扬州市妇幼保健院收治的异位妊娠患者121例,根据手术方式不同将纳入患者分为传统腹腔镜组(49例)、TU-LESS组(43例)和v-NOTES组(29例)。观察各组患者的年龄、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、手术时间、术中出血、术后排气时间、术后24h视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、术后住院时间和满意度。结果v-NOTES组患者的排气时间、术后住院时间均显著短于传统腹腔镜组和TU-LESS组,术后24h VAS评分显著低于传统腹腔镜组和TU-LESS组(P<0.05);三组患者的术后满意度比较差异有统计学意义(H=57.364,P<0.001),且v-NOTES组>TU-LESS组>传统腹腔镜组。结论与TU-LESS和传统腹腔镜手术比较,v-NOTES治疗异位妊娠术后恢复快,疼痛轻,更加美观,但需要手术者熟练掌握。

妇科经自然腔道单孔手术发展现状与未来方向

经自然腔道单孔内镜手术创伤小,美容效果好,术后康复快,并发症发生率低,符合现代无瘢痕、无痛的微创理念,是妇科微创外科的发展方向。妇科经自然腔道单孔内镜手术主要分为经脐入路与经阴道入路。经阴道入路腹部无瘢痕,切口愈合快,术后疼痛程度低,并发症发生率低,是目前妇科微创手术的研究热点。近年来,机器人手术系统快速发展,与经自然腔道单孔内镜手术结合可实现三维成像放大术野,灵活的机械臂实现复杂手术操作,拓宽了手术适应证,提高了手术精准度,被认为是微创手术的革命性突破。该文就妇科经自然腔道单孔手术发展现状与未来方向进行阐述。

机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术在中高危前列腺癌患者中的应用(附视频)

目的:探讨机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术在中高危前列腺癌患者中的临床疗效。方法:回顾性收集南京医科大学第二附属医院2022年9月—2023年9月收治的56例中高危前列腺癌患者临床资料,根据手术方法不同将患者分为对照组和观察组,对照组应用传统单孔腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术,观察组采用机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术,收集并分析两组患者的围手术期资料。结果:观察组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间均低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者在术后并发症发生率、切缘阳性率以及病理分级比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。结论:机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,其用于治疗中高危前列腺癌患者是安全可行的。

不同时机超声引导腹直肌鞘阻滞对术后镇痛的影响

目的探讨单孔腹腔镜妇科手术超声引导腹直肌鞘阻滞的最佳时机。方法选取2021年8月至2022年1月温州医科大学附属第二医院妇科病房63例择期行单孔腹腔镜下妇科良性肿物切除手术的患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将其分为E组(32例)和O组(31例),剔除3例,最终纳入60例,每组各30例。E组患者采用术前超声引导腹直肌鞘阻滞,O组患者采用术后超声引导腹直肌鞘阻滞。比较两组患者拔管后即刻(T_(1))、术后12h(T_(2))、术后24h(T_(3))静息、活动状态的数字疼痛量表(numerical rating scale,NRS)评分;比较两组患者术中切皮前后的平均动脉压及心率;比较两组患者术中瑞芬太尼使用量、术后羟考酮使用量、术后镇痛补救率;比较两组患者入室时长及手术时长;记录两组患者神经阻滞并发症的发生情况。结果整体分析发现:两组患者静息NRS评分时间点比较及交互作用差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),活动NRS评分时间点比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进一步两两比较,组内比较:O组患者T_(2)、T_(3)时点静息NRS和活动NRS评分均显著低于T_(1)时点(P<0.05);E组患者T_(3)时点静息NRS评分显著低于T_(1)时点,T_(2)、T_(3)时点活动NRS评分均显著低于T_(1)时点(P<0.05)。组间比较:E组患者T_(1)时点静息NRS和活动NRS评分均显著低于O组(P<0.05)。切皮后,O组患者的平均动脉压显著高于本组切皮前,心率显著快于本组切皮前(P<0.05)。两组均无腹腔穿刺、穿刺点感染、局部麻醉药中毒等情况发生。结论单孔腹腔镜妇科手术中,术前超声引导下腹直肌鞘神经阻滞,在术后早期可为患者提供更佳的镇痛效果,且患者术中切皮前后心率和平均动脉压变化更小,值得推荐。

气腹针在单孔腹腔镜鞘状突高位结扎术中的应用

目的 探讨气腹针法单孔腹腔镜鞘状突高位结扎术的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月~2023年3月气腹针法单孔腹腔镜鞘状突高位结扎术51例资料。用气腹针代替疝针行鞘状突高位结扎。结果 手术均获成功,未增加辅助孔或中转开放手术。46例单侧手术时间6~15 min,(8.9±1.9)min;5例双侧手术时间13~19 min,(15.4±2.3)min。术后随访6个月,均无复发,无线结反应、阴囊水肿、阴囊血肿、医源性隐睾及睾丸萎缩等并发症发生。结论 气腹针法单孔腹腔镜鞘状突高位结扎术具有单孔手术、单次穿刺、操作简便易行的优点,疗效确切,值得推广。

机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科的发展与展望

近年来,单孔腹腔镜技术一直是外科领域迫切需要但难以攻克的微创难点技术之一。机器人手术系统作为现阶段微创外科领域最先进的技术已广泛应用于临床,与此同时机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术也发生了巨大的飞跃。目前,机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜手术在临床的应用还处于快速成长阶段,其中也存在诸多的挑战。本文通过对国内外相关文献进行综合分析,介绍了机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科领域的发展现状,并进一步展望机器人辅助单孔手术在泌尿外科的发展前景。

改良经脐单孔腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床应用效果分析

目的评估改良经脐单孔腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析行腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术患者75例,按手术方式不同分为改良经脐单孔腹腔镜组(38例,行改良经脐单孔腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术,脐部自制Port及左下腹0.5 cm预置引流孔)、传统多孔腹腔镜组(37例,行传统多孔腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术)。比较两组手术时间,术中出血量,术后引流管拔除时间,抗生素使用情况,术后住院时间,住院费用。结果改良经脐单孔腹腔镜组与传统多孔腹腔镜组的手术时间[(76.26±22.10)min VS(83.24±22.21)min,P=0.177]及术中出血量[(55.52±32.85)ml VS(63.51±27.71)ml,P=0.259]比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);改良经脐单孔腹腔镜组与传统多孔腹腔镜组的术后引流管拔除时间[(48.42±19.16)h VS(64.72±21.87)h,P=0.001]及术后住院时间[(4.18±1.01)d VS(5.08±1.08)d,P=0.000]比较改良经脐单孔腹腔镜组更短,抗生素使用率[31.58%(12/38)VS 54.05%(20/37),P=0.049]及住院费用[(14.02±2.2)千元VS(15.73±2.8)千元,P=0.004]比较改良经脐单孔腹腔镜组更低(P<0.05)。结论改良经脐单孔腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术兼顾无瘤化操作及更微创的手术效果,通过改良手术步骤,使其手术难度与传统多孔腹腔镜相比无明显增加,值得临床推广。

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery for biliary tract disease

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery(SILS), or laparoendoscopic single-site surgery, has been employed in various fields to minimize traumatic effects over the last two decades. Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy(SILC) has been the most frequently studied SILS to date. Hundreds of studies on SILC have failed to present conclusive results. Most randomized controlled trials(RCTs) have been small in scale and have been conducted under ideal operative conditions. The role of SILC in complicated scenarios remains uncertain. As common bile duct exploration(CBDE) methods have been used for more than one hundred years, laparoscopic CBDE(LCBDE) has emerged as an effective, demanding, and infrequent technique employed during the laparoscopic era. Likewise, laparoscopic biliary-enteric anastomosis is difficult to carry out, with only a few studies have been published on the approach. The application of SILS to CBDE and biliary-enteric anastomosis is extremely rare, and such innovative procedures are only carried out by a number of specialized groups across the globe. Herein we present a thorough and detailed analysis of SILC in terms of operative techniques, training and learning curves, safety and efficacy levels, recovery trends, and costs by reviewing RCTs conducted over the past three years and two recently updated meta-analyses. All existing literature on single-incision LCBDE and singleincision laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy has been reviewed to describe these two demanding techniques.