Single incision laparoscopic surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma

Single incision laparoscopic liver resection(SILLR)is the most recent develop-ment in the laparoscopic approach to the liver.SILLR for hepatocellular carci-noma(HCC)has developed much more slowly than multiport LLR.So far,195 patients completed SILLR for HCC.In this paper,we reviewed all published papers about SILLR for HCC and discussed the feasibility of the SILLR,peri and postoperative findings,tricks of patient selection and whether SILLR compromise the oncological principles.

New approaches in laparoscopic surgery for colorectal diseases: The totally laparoscopic and single-incision approaches

More than 20 years have passed since the first report of laparoscopic colectomy in 1991. Thereafter, laparoscopic surgery for the management of colorectal diseases has been widely accepted as a prevailing option because of improved cosmetic outcomes, less postoperative pain, and shorter hospital stay in comparison with open surgery. To further the principle of minimally invasive surgery, two new approaches have been developed in this rapidly evolving field. The first is the totally laparoscopic approach. Currently most of standard techniques inevitably involve an abdominalincision for retrieval of the specimen and preparation for anastomosis, which might compromise the benefits of laparoscopic surgery. The totally laparoscopic approach dispenses with this incision by combining completely intraperitoneal anastomosis with retrieval of the specimen via a natural orifice, such as the anus or the vagina. Our new and reliable technique for intraperitoneal anastomosis is also described in detail in this article. The second is the single-incision approach. While three to six ports are needed in standard laparoscopic surgery, the single-incision approach uses the umbilicus as the sole access to the abdominal cavity. All of the laparoscopic procedures are performed entirely through the umbilicus, in which the surgical scar eventually becomes hidden, achieving virtually scarless surgery. This article reviews the current status of these two approaches and discusses the future of minimally invasive surgery for colorectal diseases.

Learning curve of transumbilical suture-suspension single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy

AIM: To investigate the learning curve of transumbilical suture-suspension single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC). METHODS: The clinical data of 180 consecutive transumbilical suture-suspension SILCs performed by a team in our department during the period from August 2009 to March 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into nine groups according to operation dates, and each group included 20 patients operated on consecutively in each time period. The surgical outcome was assessed by comparing operation time, blood loss during operation, and complications between groups in order to evaluate the improvement in technique.RESULTS: A total of 180 SILCs were successfully performed by five doctors. The average operation time was 53.58 ± 30.08 min (range: 20.00-160.00 min) and average blood loss was 12.70 ± 11.60 mL (range: 0.00-100.00 mL). None of the patients were converted to laparotomy or multi-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There were no major complications such as hemorrhage or biliary system injury during surgery. Eight postoperative complications occurred mainly in the first three groups (n = 6), and included ecchymosis around the umbilical incision (n = 7) which resolved without special treatment, and one case of delayed bile leakage in group 8, which was treated by ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage. There were no differences in intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications and length of postoperative hospital stay among the groups. Bonferroni's test showed that the operation time in group 1 was significantly longer than that in the other groups (F = 7.257, P = 0.000). The majority of patients in each group were discharged within 2 d, with an average postoperative hospital stay of 1.9 ± 1.2 d. CONCLUSION: Following scientific principles and standard procedures, a team experienced in multi-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy can master the technique of SILC after 20 cases.

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery for biliary tract disease

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery(SILS), or laparoendoscopic single-site surgery, has been employed in various fields to minimize traumatic effects over the last two decades. Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy(SILC) has been the most frequently studied SILS to date. Hundreds of studies on SILC have failed to present conclusive results. Most randomized controlled trials(RCTs) have been small in scale and have been conducted under ideal operative conditions. The role of SILC in complicated scenarios remains uncertain. As common bile duct exploration(CBDE) methods have been used for more than one hundred years, laparoscopic CBDE(LCBDE) has emerged as an effective, demanding, and infrequent technique employed during the laparoscopic era. Likewise, laparoscopic biliary-enteric anastomosis is difficult to carry out, with only a few studies have been published on the approach. The application of SILS to CBDE and biliary-enteric anastomosis is extremely rare, and such innovative procedures are only carried out by a number of specialized groups across the globe. Herein we present a thorough and detailed analysis of SILC in terms of operative techniques, training and learning curves, safety and efficacy levels, recovery trends, and costs by reviewing RCTs conducted over the past three years and two recently updated meta-analyses. All existing literature on single-incision LCBDE and singleincision laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy has been reviewed to describe these two demanding techniques.

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery:current status andimplementation of the latest technological innovations

The introduction of laparoscopy is an example of surgical innovation with a rapid implementation in many areas of surgery. A large number of controlled studiesand meta-analyses have shown that laparoscopic colorectal surgery is associated with the same benefits than other minimally invasive procedures, including lesser pain, earlier recovery of bowel transit and shorter hospital stay. On the other hand, despite initial concerns about oncological safety, well-designed prospective randomized multicentre trials have demonstrated that oncological outcomes of laparoscopy and open surgery are similar. Although the use of laparoscopy in colorectal surgery has increased in recent years, the percentages of patients treated with surgery using minimally invasive techniques are still reduced and there are also substantial differences among centres. It has been argued that the limiting factor for the use of laparoscopic procedures is the number of surgeons with adequate skills to perform a laparoscopic colectomy rather than the tumour of patients' characteristics. In this regard, future efforts to increase the use of laparoscopic techniques in colorectal surgery will necessarily require more efforts in teaching surgeons. We here present a review of recent controversies of the use of laparoscopy in colorectal surgery, such as in rectal cancer operations, the possibility of reproducing complete mesocolon excision, and the benefits of intracorporeal anastomosis after right hemicolectomy. We also describe the results of latest innovations such as single incision laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery for colon and rectal diseases.

Review of 500 single incision laparoscopic colorectalsurgery cases-Lessons learned

Single incision laparoscopic surgery(SILS) is a minimally invasive platform with specific benefits over traditional multiport laparoscopic surgery. The safety and feasibility of SILS has been proven, and the applications continue to grow with experience. After 500 cases at a high-volume, single-institution, we were able to standardize instrumentation and operative steps, as well as develop adaptations in technique to help overcome technical and ergonomic challenges. These technical adaptations have allowed the successful application of SILS to technically difficult patient populations, such as pelvic cases, inflammatory bowel disease cases, and high body mass index patients. This review is a frame of reference for the application and wider integration of the single incision laparoscopic platform in colorectal surgery.

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer

AIM: To determine the effect of single-incision laparoscopic colectomy(SILC) for colorectal cancer on short-term clinical and oncological outcomes by comparison with multiport conventional laparoscopic colectomy(CLC).METHODS: A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE for the time period of 2008 to December 2014 to retrieve all relevant literature. The search terms were "laparoscopy", "single incision", "single port", "single site", "SILS", "LESS" and "colorectal cancer". Publications were included if they were randomized controlled trials, case-matched controlled studies, or comparative studies, in which patients underwent single-incision(SILS or LESS) laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Studies were excluded if they were non-comparative, or not including surgery involving the colon or rectum. A total of 15 studies with 589 patients who underwent SILC for colorectal cancer were selected.RESULTS: No significant differences between the groups were noted in terms of mortality or morbidity. The benefit of the SILC approach included reduction in conversion rate to laparotomy, but there were no significant differences in other short-term clinical outcomes between the groups. Satisfactory oncological surgical quality was also demonstrated for SILC for the treatment of colorectal cancer with a similar average lymph node harvest and proximal and distal resection margin length as multiport CLC.CONCLUSION: SILC can be performed safely with similar short-term clinical and oncological outcomes as multiport CLC.

Single incision laparoscopic surgery

As a complement to standard laparoscopic surgery and a safe alternative to natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery,single incision laparoscopic surgery is gaining popularity.There are expensive ports,disposable hand instruments and flexible endoscopes that have been suggested to do this surgery and would increase the cost of operation.For a simple surgery like laparoscopic cholecystectomy,these extras are not needed and the surgery can be performed using standard ports,instruments and telescopes.Triangular port insertion and use of instruments by the "chop stick method" are recommended to successfully do the procedure as we have done in our so far small series of 40 cases.

Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy:Single institution experience and literature review

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery is a rapidly evolving field as a bridge between traditional laparoscopic surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.We report one of the initial clinical experiences in Japan with this new technique.Four cases of gallbladder diseases were selected for this new technique.A single curved intra-umbilical 25-mm incision was made by pulling out the umbilicus.A 12-mm trocar was placed through an open approach,and the abdominal cavity was explored with a 10-mm semiflexible laparoscope.Two 5-mm ports were inserted laterally from the laparoscope port.A 2-mm mini-loop retractor was inserted to retract the fundus of the gallbladder.Dissection was performed using an electric cautery hook and an Endograsper roticulator.There were two women and two men with a mean age of 50.5 years(range:40-61 years).All procedures were completed successfully without any perioperative complications.In all cases,there was no need to extend the skin incision.Average operative time was 88.8 min.Postoperative follow-up didnot reveal any umbili-cal wound complication.Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible and a promising alternative method as scarless abdominal surgery for the treatment of some patients with gallbladder disease.

Feasibility of single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis

AIM: To assess the safety of single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy(SILC) for acute cholecystitis.METHODS: All patients who underwent SILC at Sano Hospital(Kobe, Japan) between January 2010 and December 2014 were included in this retrospective study. Clinical data related to patient characteristics and surgical outcomes were collected from medical records. The parameters for assessing the safety of the procedure included operative time, volume of blood loss, achievement of the critical view of safety, use of additional trocars, conversion to laparotomy, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and duration of postoperative hospital stay. Patient backgrounds were statistically compared between those with and without conversion to laparotomy.RESULTS: A total of 100 patients underwent SILC for acute cholecystitis during the period. Preoperative endoscopic treatment was performed for suspected choledocholithiasis in 41 patients(41%). The mean time from onset of acute cholecystitis was 7.7 d. According to the Updated Tokyo Guidelines(TG13) for the severity of cholecystitis, 86 and 14 patients had grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ acute cholecystitis, respectively. The mean operative time was 87.4 min. The mean estimated blood loss was 80.6 mL. The critical view of safety was obtained in 89 patients(89%). Conversion laparotomy was performed in 12 patients(12%). Postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅲ or greater were observed in 4 patients(4%). The mean duration of postoperative hospital stay was 5.7 d. Patients converted from SILC to laparotomy tended to have higher days after onset.CONCLUSION: SILC is feasible for acute cholecystitis; in addition, early surgical intervention may reduce the risk of laparotomy conversion.

Single-incision vs three-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy for complicated and uncomplicated acute cholecystitis

AIM:To compare the clinical outcome of single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy(SILC)and three-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy(3ILC)for acute cholecystitis.METHODS:From July 2009 to September 2012,136patients underwent SILC or 3ILC for acute cholecystitis at a tertiary referral hospital.One experienced surgeon performed every procedure using 5 or 10 mm 30-degree laparoscopes,straight instruments,and conventional ports.Five patients with perforated gallbladder and diffuse peritonitis and 23 patients with mild acute cholecystitis were excluded.The remaining 108 patients were divided into complicated and uncomplicated groups according to pathologic findings.Patient demography,clinical data,operative results and complications were recorded and analyzed.RESULTS:Fifty patients with gangrenous cholecystitis,gallbladder empyema,or hydrops were classified as the complicated group,and 58 patients with acute cholecystitis were classified as the uncomplicated group.Twenty-three(46.0%)of the patients in the complicated group(n=50)and 39(67.2%)of the patients in the uncomplicated group(n=58)underwent SILC;all others underwent 3ILC.The postoperative length of hospital stay(PLOS)was significantly shorter in the SILC subgroups than the 3ILC subgroups(3.5±1.1 d vs 4.6±1.3 d,P<0.01 in the complicated group;2.9±1.1 d vs 3.7±1.4 d,P<0.05 in the uncomplicated group).The maximum body temperature recorded at day 1 and at day 2 following the procedure was lower in the SILC subgroups,but the difference reached statistical significance only in the uncomplicated group(37.41±0.56℃vs 37.80±0.72℃,P<0.05 on postoperative day 1;37.10±0.43℃vs 37.57±0.54℃,P<0.01 on postoperative day 2).The operative time,estimated blood loss,postoperative narcotic use,total length of hospital stay,conversion rates,and complication rates were similar in both SILC and 3ILC subgroups.The complicated group had longer operative time(122.2±35.0 min vs 106.6±43.6 min,P<0.05),longer PLOS(4.1±1.3 d vs 3.2±1.2 d,P<0.001),and higher conversion rates(36.0%vs 19.0%,P<0.05)compared with the uncomplicated group.CONCLUSION:SILC is safe and efficacious for patients with acute cholecystitis.The main benefit is a faster recovery than that achieved with 3ILC.

Single-incision laparoscopic cecectomy for low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm after laparoscopic rectectomy

In this case report,we discuss single-incision laparoscopic cecectomy for low-grade appendiceal neoplasm after laparoscopic anterior resection for rectal cancer.The optimal surgical therapy for low-grade appendiceal neoplasm is controversial;currently,the options include appendectomy,cecectomy,right hemicolectomy,and open or laparoscopic surgery.Due to the risk of pseudomyxoma peritonei,complete resection without rupture is necessary.We have encountered 5 cases of lowgrade appendiceal neoplasm and all 5 patients had no lymph node metastasis.We chose the appendectomy or cecectomy without lymph node dissection if preoperative imaging studies did not suspect malignancy.In the present case,we performed cecectomy without lymph node dissection by single-incision laparoscopic surgery(SILS),which is reported to be a reduced port surgery associated with decreased invasiveness and patient stress compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery.We are confident that SILS is a feasible alternative to traditional surgical procedures for borderline tumors,such as low-grade appendiceal neoplasms.

Single Incision Laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal Repair for Strangulated Groin Hernia

Introduction: Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has become more popular for various surgical procedures including hernia surgery. Initial results of SILS in elective hernia repair were comparable to those of conventional laparoscopic approaches. However the use of SILS in emergency case has not been widely reported. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the use of single incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair for patients presenting with strangulated groin hernia. Method: Emergency single incision laparoscopic TAPP repair were performed in our unit from June 2011 onwards for selected patients. Retrospectively data including the patient demographics, operative time, type of hernia, hospital stay, complications and recurrence rate were collected and analyzed. Result: There were a total of five patients in this series from June 2011 to June 2012. The median age was 62 years old with a male to female ratio of 4:1. Four patients had unilateral hernia (one femoral and three inguinal hernias) and one had bilateral hernia (unilaterally strangulated femoral hernia and bilaterally reducible indirect inguinal hernia). The median operative time was 75 minutes for patients with unilateral repair. None of the patients required bowel resection. The conversion rate to either conventional laparoscopic or open repair was zero. The median hospital stay was 2 days. No major complication or recurrence was detected. Conclusion: This series showed that single port laparoscopic TAPP repair for strangulated groin hernia is a feasible option with no major complication reported.

Single-Incision Robotic Surgery

Introduction: Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILSTM) has been developed as a less invasive laparoscopic surgery. On the other hand, robotically assisted surgical technology has offered new options for minimally invasive surgery. In this study, we report a new surgical technology to perform SILS using the da Vinci S surgical system (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA). Materials and Surgical Technique: A porcine liver with gallbladder was placed on an endoscopic surgery trainer, and a 25 mm incision was made for one robotic camera and two instruments at the umbilicus position. Both instruments were crossed while preventing them from colliding with each other, and Robot-assisted single-incision cholecyctectomy was perfumed. Discussion: This technique is expected to contribute to the development of a number of procedures in the future.

Single-incision pediatric endosurgery in newborns and infants

This study focuses on the successful application of single-incision pediatric endosurgery in the treatment of congenital anomalies and acquired diseases in neonates and infants. The purpose of this scientific review consists in highlighting the spectrum, indications, applicability, and effectiveness of single-port endosurgery in children during the first 3 postnatal months.

无入路平台经脐单切口腹腔镜治疗输卵管妊娠临床分析

目的探讨无入路平台经脐单切口腹腔镜治疗输卵管妊娠的可行性及安全性。方法回顾性分析2019年1月-2022年6月笔者所在团队诊治的因输卵管妊娠行输卵管切除术的患者的临床资料,根据手术方式不同分为3组,无入路平台经脐单切口腹腔镜组(A组)66例,经脐单孔腹腔镜组(B组)60例,传统腹腔镜组(C组)70例。比较3组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后住院时间、术后24 h切口疼痛VAS评分、术后1年切口美容满意度评分等。结果3组患者均顺利完成手术,无更改手术入径,无术中、术后并发症发生。A、B、C 3组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后住院时间、术后24 h切口疼痛VAS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后1年切口美容满意度评分A、B组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而A、B组与C组之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进一步分析A组(无入路平台单切口组)不同级别主刀医师手术时间显示,副主任及以上职称医师组手术时间略短,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论无入路平台经脐单切口腹腔镜输卵管切除术安全可行,学习曲线不长,容易掌握,无需专用单孔入路平台,而效果与经脐单孔腹腔镜相当,值得基层推广。

改良(免特殊PORT)机器人辅助腹腔镜单切口根治性前列腺切除术临床应用(附手术视频)

临床上以手术切除作为局限性前列腺癌的主要治疗手段,目前包括开放手术、传统腹腔镜手术、机器人辅助腹腔镜手术3种术式。由于机器人辅助腹腔镜手术具有显著的优势,已被各大医学中心广泛使用,成为治疗局限性前列腺癌的标准术式。近年来,为追求微创化,单孔腹腔镜技术日益完善,但传统单孔腹腔镜技术需要借助多通道单孔腹腔镜手术穿刺装置,存在诸多不便。本中心创新性改良(免特殊PORT)机器人辅助腹腔镜单切口根治性前列腺切除术,具有易操作、安全性高、易推广等优势。

单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹或传统腹腔镜手术的影响因素

目的:探讨单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术(SILC)中转手术的影响因素。方法:回顾分析2011年1月至2021年12月为916例患者行SILC的临床资料,其中883例成功完成SILC,33例中转手术,分析中转原因并对相应指标进行单因素、多因素Logistic分析。结果:33例中转患者中18例中转传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术(胆管变异7例、胆囊动脉变异2例、腹腔粘连3例、胆囊体积大3例、胆囊壁厚2例、肥胖1例),15例中转开腹(胆管变异7例、腹腔粘连8例)。单因素分析结果显示,BMI、腹部手术史、腹腔粘连、胆囊长径>8 cm、胆囊壁厚度>3 mm、解剖变异是中转手术的影响因素(P<0.05);多因素Logistic分析结果显示,解剖变异(OR=8.103,95%CI=2.967~22.128,P<0.001)、BMI(OR=1.656,95%CI=1.391~1.971,P<0.001)、腹腔粘连(OR=3.782,95%CI=1.111~12.876,P=0.033)、胆囊长径>8 cm(OR=3.275,95%CI=1.266~8.467,P=0.014)、胆囊壁厚度>3 mm(OR=3.520,95%CI=1.321~9.384,P=0.012)是SILC中转的独立危险因素(P<0.05),而腹部手术史(OR=1.733,95%CI=0.565~5.317,P=0.336)不是独立危险因素(P>0.05)。结论:BMI、解剖变异、胆囊长径>8 cm、胆囊壁厚度>3 mm、腹腔粘连是SILC中转的独立危险因素,术前应充分评估患者情况,选择合理的手术方案,预估术中风险。

腹腔镜手术与经外环小切口手术治疗小儿精索鞘膜积液的疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜手术与经外环小切口手术治疗小儿精索鞘膜积液的临床疗效。方法选取2020年7月至2022年7月蚌埠市第一人民医院收治的100例小儿精索鞘膜积液患儿作为研究对象。根据不同治疗措施分为研究组(采用腹腔镜手术)和对照组(采用经外环小切口手术为对照组),各50例。比较两组的围手术期指标、并发症发生情况及预后。结果研究组手术时间、住院时间短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组睾丸萎缩、切口感染、阴囊脓肿及脐疝等并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组复发率显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与经外环小切口手术比较,腹腔镜手术治疗小儿精索鞘膜积液的疗效更好,且复发率更低。

改良单孔加一孔腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术的临床效果

目的探讨改良单孔加一孔腹腔镜(single-incision plus one-port laparoscopic surgery,SILS+1)右半结肠癌根治术的安全性及有效性。方法采用回顾性病例对照研究。选取2019年1月到2024年6月我院收治的行SILS+1右半结肠癌根治术患者34例。其中对照组23例,行经典的SILS+1右半结肠癌根治术,切口采用3~4 cm绕脐切口+左中腹1.2 cm戳孔;研究组11例,行改良SILS+1右半结肠癌根治术,切口采用3~4 cm下腹部横切口+左中腹1.2 cm戳孔。比较两组的手术时间、出血量、淋巴结清除数量、术后首次肛门排气时间、术后1 d疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、术后住院时间等。结果两组出血量、淋巴结清除数量、术后首次肛门排气时间无明显差异(P>0.05);手术时间、术后1 d的VAS及术后住院时间有差异,研究组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论改良单孔(下腹部横切口)加一孔(左中腹1.2 cm戳孔)腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治手术安全有效,且较绕脐切口手术时间及术后住院时间更短,术后疼痛更轻,手术切口更加美观和隐蔽,值得临床推广应用。