This paper presents a comprehensive survey for the situation of light environment in large commercial building through architecture design information,subjective and objective fieldwork and online survey for three typ...This paper presents a comprehensive survey for the situation of light environment in large commercial building through architecture design information,subjective and objective fieldwork and online survey for three typical commercial building forms( centralized form, covered mall shopping center, lifestyle center).Descriptive method is used for statistical analysis which includes the evaluation of light environmental quality,subjective assessment among daylight and artificial illumination,effect of physical characteristics on subjective assessment of light environment. Based on the results of statistical analysis,the improving strategies for light environment are proposed in terms of making use of daylight,artificial lighting design and improvement of the overall light environmental quality. The design strategies which based on the consumer needs is very important can provide help for further impact prediction on the quality of light environment.展开更多
With the development of the times and the improvement of the economic level,the people’s ideological consciousness has gradually changed,driven by the scientific concept of development and the concept of sustainable ...With the development of the times and the improvement of the economic level,the people’s ideological consciousness has gradually changed,driven by the scientific concept of development and the concept of sustainable development,the people have been able to realize that,traditionally,the extensive economic model has led to more serious damage to the environment,and caused a certain degree of resource waste,but also endangered human health.As a result,the concept of healthy living has received more and more widespread attention.The construction industry as an important pillar of China’s economic development,but also the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in China is one of the key points for the implementation of green construction of large public buildings,it is necessary to strengthen the management of technology,so in this paper,will be the main green construction of large public buildings management technology analysis work.展开更多
To study the indoor air qualities(IAQ)of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,...To study the indoor air qualities(IAQ)of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,is investigated.A questionnaire survey and field tests are used to collect data.According to the data of twelve rooms in this building,objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ are obtained.Almost all of the environmental parameters in these rooms basically meet the standards of the objective evaluation.But the average concentration of carbon dioxide in most rooms cannot reach the value of the cleanliness standards,1 255 mg/m^3.The average acceptability of the IAQ in these rooms is 71%,which is lower than the value of the ASHRAE 55—1992 standards,80%.The proper increase in the wind speed and the indoor fresh air supply can greatly improve the objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ.展开更多
The thermal environmental characteristics are experim-entally studied in terms of different air supply volumes and outdoor meteorological parameters in a large-space building which is air conditioned with a low sidewa...The thermal environmental characteristics are experim-entally studied in terms of different air supply volumes and outdoor meteorological parameters in a large-space building which is air conditioned with a low sidewall air supply.The experimental results show that the indoor vertical temperature distributions under different condition are similar.The maximum vertical temperature difference(MVTD)is up to about 20 ℃,and it linearly changes with the sol-air temperature.The indoor vertical temperature gradients(VTGs)in the upper,central and lower zones are different.The influence of the sol-air temperature on the VTGs in the upper and the lower zones is greater than that in the central zone.The characteristics of the VTGs in the three zones affected by the air supply volume are the same as those affected by the sol-air temperature.Besides,because of the small air velocity,the predicted mean vote(PMV)on comfort in the occupied zone is slightly high and the air temperature difference between the head and the ankle is usually more than 3 ℃.展开更多
The importance and necessity of energy saving in the world have been discussed for many years,but achieving a logical and transparent solution is still one of the main challenges and problems of the world’s eco...The importance and necessity of energy saving in the world have been discussed for many years,but achieving a logical and transparent solution is still one of the main challenges and problems of the world’s economy.The rapid growth of energy consumption in the last two decades has caused the security of the domestic energy supply of buildings to face serious problems.In this research,first by entering parameters such as the type of materials,doors and windows,and the type of soil on the floor connected to the ground,etc.in the heat and cold load calculation software(HAP Carrier)as the design calculations and then in the second step entering the specifications inferred from the Iran’s national building code as a reference for energy saving calculations,calculations are performed and compared as the first criterion,and finally these two outputs are compared.The actual energy consumption and determination of the building energy consumption index are determined as another criterion,as well as the degree of deviation from the actual consumption.The results showed that the theoretical method and the thermal and refrigeration load calculations of the Zanjan Gas Company building have 6%difference in cooling load but the heating load is about 34%different,which means for cooling loads,the theoretical model can be used with high accuracy but for heating loads,the national building code needs fundamental changes.展开更多
Access to any development is a connection between the buildings and urban roadways. The impact of access on urban roads varies with location of the access. This paper studies the impact of access to large buildings on...Access to any development is a connection between the buildings and urban roadways. The impact of access on urban roads varies with location of the access. This paper studies the impact of access to large buildings on the surrounding road network by exploring traffic conflicts based on the configuration of the access. The concept of conflict intensity is introduced in this study as a new evaluation indicator to evaluate the traffic conflict triggered by the presence of access. The results show that the greater the speed,the greater the conflict intensity of access. Meanwhile,a similar situation exists when other variables (e.g.,conflict angle or the number of conflicts) change. The larger the conflict intensity,the more dangerous the access. Results from this study can help developers and traffic engineers choose suitable locations of access and organize the traffic in a logical manner.展开更多
This paper seeks to quantify the social and economic impact of resettlement based on the physiographic element changes post relocation. We focus on communities affected by the Nuozhadu hydropower project, the largest ...This paper seeks to quantify the social and economic impact of resettlement based on the physiographic element changes post relocation. We focus on communities affected by the Nuozhadu hydropower project, the largest existing hydropower project on the mainstream of the Upper Mekong River. Soil and meteorological data were collected from the Soil Spatial Database and the China Terrestrial Ecological Information Spatial Meteorology Database, while social and economic data were collected via field surveys. We have three major con- clusions: (1) Communities will be relocated to a new climate and new elevation, moving from a north tropical climate zone under 700 m to a subtropical climate zone above 700 m. (2) Physiographic element changes due to relocation will reduce household economic income. After relocation, the annual family income of the Shidaimao group decreased by 62%; the annual family income of the other 5 study groups (Lasa, Hani, Nochangchangyi, Mengsa, and Dawazi) dropped by 65%. (3) Communities relocated across the study township are 61.1% less connected with their former relatives after relocation while family-to-family free labor exchange, a previous community norm, decreased by 91%. China's dam resettlement compensation system focuses on the loss of economic resources after relocation. However, this study finds that the physiographic elements of the relocation sites are an important driver of ensuring economic growth and stability after relocation. As a result, we recommend more attention be paid to physiographic continuity when designing relocation models.展开更多
Based on the structural characteristics of existing buildings and the disadvantages of current mixed ventilation mode in the application to large space buildings,an original column attachment ventilation(CAV)has been ...Based on the structural characteristics of existing buildings and the disadvantages of current mixed ventilation mode in the application to large space buildings,an original column attachment ventilation(CAV)has been proposed.In this study,the experiment utilized a room space with four columns uniformly distributed in the space to visualize the movement of attached airflow along the cylinder surface and the floor,the numerical technique was employed to study the effects of the column layout(i.e.,uniform,centralized,dispersed,and crossed distribution)on the air distribution of CAV mode in a standard four-column full scale model of a shopping mall.Seven indices,including airflow pattern,air diffusion performance index(ADPI),air temperature distribution,heat removal effectiveness,draught rate(DR),predicted mean vote(PMV),and carbon dioxide(CO2)concentration,were used to assess the ventilation performance.In the CAV mode with a uniform column layout scheme,the experimental results indicated that the air supply flows downward along the wall surface,forming a secondary attachment with the ground and spreading along the floor in a fan radiation flow mode.Further,an“air lake”-like speed and temperature distribution similar to displacement ventilation(DV)was formed in the occupied zone.In all simulation cases,it was found that the average air velocity was less than 0.25 m/s in occupied zone,the effectiveness for heat removal was more significant than 1.0,DR value was less than 20%,the PMV level can also satisfy most people.The average CO2 concentration was around 470 ppm in the occupied breathing zone.These results indicated that the CAV mode could be an efficient air distribution method.They demonstrated the technical feasibility of applying the CAV in the space under different column layout schemes.展开更多
With the development of information technology, the fire safety assessment of whole structure or region based on the computer simulation has become a hot topic. However, traditionally, the concerned studies are perfor...With the development of information technology, the fire safety assessment of whole structure or region based on the computer simulation has become a hot topic. However, traditionally, the concerned studies are performed separately for different objectives and difficult to perform an overall evaluation. A new multi-dimensional integration model and methodology for fire safety assessment were presented and two newly developed integrated systems were introduced to demonstrate the function of integration simulation technology in this paper. The first one is the analysis on the fire-resistant behaviors of whole structure under real fire loads. The second one is the study on fire evaluation and emergency rescue of campus based on geography information technology (GIS). Some practical examples are presented to illuminate the advantages of computer integration technology on fire safety assessment and emphasize some problems in the simulation. The results show that the multi-dimensional integration model offers a new way and platform for the integrating fire safety assessment of whole structure or region, and the integrated software developed is the useful engineering tools for cost-saving and safe design.展开更多
China's large public buildings (LPBs) often become problematic after on|y a few years' operation, leading to shortened building lifespans. Lacking architectural programming was identified by the industry regulato...China's large public buildings (LPBs) often become problematic after on|y a few years' operation, leading to shortened building lifespans. Lacking architectural programming was identified by the industry regulators as a contributing factor to this. Despite a policy shift on the government side since 2007, little evaluation of the actual situation has been made. To raise awareness and attention to this pressing issue from the building industry, its regulators and the general public, a questionnaire survey focusing on the top-tier sector of professional practice in programming LPBs was carried out in Shanghai, China in 2009. The objectives were to evaluate current trends and pressing issues, identify major challenges and opportunities, and make recommendations for improvement. This paper presents a six-part analysis of the survey's findings from 57 professionals and clients who shared their hands-on experience on various programming issues and provided first-hand data of 90 LPBs developed in the 2000s. This pioneering study revealed significant gaps between the real and best practices as well as the mentat reluctance and skill mismatch in delivering quality programming services. Given the persisting nature of identified problems, more research work should be done to catatyze a paradigmatic shift amon industry players.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the National Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science & Technology of China (Grant No.2012BAJ06B04-02)
文摘This paper presents a comprehensive survey for the situation of light environment in large commercial building through architecture design information,subjective and objective fieldwork and online survey for three typical commercial building forms( centralized form, covered mall shopping center, lifestyle center).Descriptive method is used for statistical analysis which includes the evaluation of light environmental quality,subjective assessment among daylight and artificial illumination,effect of physical characteristics on subjective assessment of light environment. Based on the results of statistical analysis,the improving strategies for light environment are proposed in terms of making use of daylight,artificial lighting design and improvement of the overall light environmental quality. The design strategies which based on the consumer needs is very important can provide help for further impact prediction on the quality of light environment.
文摘With the development of the times and the improvement of the economic level,the people’s ideological consciousness has gradually changed,driven by the scientific concept of development and the concept of sustainable development,the people have been able to realize that,traditionally,the extensive economic model has led to more serious damage to the environment,and caused a certain degree of resource waste,but also endangered human health.As a result,the concept of healthy living has received more and more widespread attention.The construction industry as an important pillar of China’s economic development,but also the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in China is one of the key points for the implementation of green construction of large public buildings,it is necessary to strengthen the management of technology,so in this paper,will be the main green construction of large public buildings management technology analysis work.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50878078)
文摘To study the indoor air qualities(IAQ)of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,is investigated.A questionnaire survey and field tests are used to collect data.According to the data of twelve rooms in this building,objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ are obtained.Almost all of the environmental parameters in these rooms basically meet the standards of the objective evaluation.But the average concentration of carbon dioxide in most rooms cannot reach the value of the cleanliness standards,1 255 mg/m^3.The average acceptability of the IAQ in these rooms is 71%,which is lower than the value of the ASHRAE 55—1992 standards,80%.The proper increase in the wind speed and the indoor fresh air supply can greatly improve the objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50478113)the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.J50502)
文摘The thermal environmental characteristics are experim-entally studied in terms of different air supply volumes and outdoor meteorological parameters in a large-space building which is air conditioned with a low sidewall air supply.The experimental results show that the indoor vertical temperature distributions under different condition are similar.The maximum vertical temperature difference(MVTD)is up to about 20 ℃,and it linearly changes with the sol-air temperature.The indoor vertical temperature gradients(VTGs)in the upper,central and lower zones are different.The influence of the sol-air temperature on the VTGs in the upper and the lower zones is greater than that in the central zone.The characteristics of the VTGs in the three zones affected by the air supply volume are the same as those affected by the sol-air temperature.Besides,because of the small air velocity,the predicted mean vote(PMV)on comfort in the occupied zone is slightly high and the air temperature difference between the head and the ankle is usually more than 3 ℃.
文摘The importance and necessity of energy saving in the world have been discussed for many years,but achieving a logical and transparent solution is still one of the main challenges and problems of the world’s economy.The rapid growth of energy consumption in the last two decades has caused the security of the domestic energy supply of buildings to face serious problems.In this research,first by entering parameters such as the type of materials,doors and windows,and the type of soil on the floor connected to the ground,etc.in the heat and cold load calculation software(HAP Carrier)as the design calculations and then in the second step entering the specifications inferred from the Iran’s national building code as a reference for energy saving calculations,calculations are performed and compared as the first criterion,and finally these two outputs are compared.The actual energy consumption and determination of the building energy consumption index are determined as another criterion,as well as the degree of deviation from the actual consumption.The results showed that the theoretical method and the thermal and refrigeration load calculations of the Zanjan Gas Company building have 6%difference in cooling load but the heating load is about 34%different,which means for cooling loads,the theoretical model can be used with high accuracy but for heating loads,the national building code needs fundamental changes.
基金The Specialized Research Fund for Key Laboratory of Transportation Engineering of Beijing University of Technology (No.JTP-2009-12)
文摘Access to any development is a connection between the buildings and urban roadways. The impact of access on urban roads varies with location of the access. This paper studies the impact of access to large buildings on the surrounding road network by exploring traffic conflicts based on the configuration of the access. The concept of conflict intensity is introduced in this study as a new evaluation indicator to evaluate the traffic conflict triggered by the presence of access. The results show that the greater the speed,the greater the conflict intensity of access. Meanwhile,a similar situation exists when other variables (e.g.,conflict angle or the number of conflicts) change. The larger the conflict intensity,the more dangerous the access. Results from this study can help developers and traffic engineers choose suitable locations of access and organize the traffic in a logical manner.
基金The Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.U1202232 National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period, No.2013BAB06B03 Key Project of National Social Science Foundation of China, No. 11AZD04
文摘This paper seeks to quantify the social and economic impact of resettlement based on the physiographic element changes post relocation. We focus on communities affected by the Nuozhadu hydropower project, the largest existing hydropower project on the mainstream of the Upper Mekong River. Soil and meteorological data were collected from the Soil Spatial Database and the China Terrestrial Ecological Information Spatial Meteorology Database, while social and economic data were collected via field surveys. We have three major con- clusions: (1) Communities will be relocated to a new climate and new elevation, moving from a north tropical climate zone under 700 m to a subtropical climate zone above 700 m. (2) Physiographic element changes due to relocation will reduce household economic income. After relocation, the annual family income of the Shidaimao group decreased by 62%; the annual family income of the other 5 study groups (Lasa, Hani, Nochangchangyi, Mengsa, and Dawazi) dropped by 65%. (3) Communities relocated across the study township are 61.1% less connected with their former relatives after relocation while family-to-family free labor exchange, a previous community norm, decreased by 91%. China's dam resettlement compensation system focuses on the loss of economic resources after relocation. However, this study finds that the physiographic elements of the relocation sites are an important driver of ensuring economic growth and stability after relocation. As a result, we recommend more attention be paid to physiographic continuity when designing relocation models.
基金This study was jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51408477)the Innovative Talent Promotion Plan of Shaanxi Province(No.2018KJXX-087)and the Youth Talent Support Project of Xi’an Association for Science and Technology.
文摘Based on the structural characteristics of existing buildings and the disadvantages of current mixed ventilation mode in the application to large space buildings,an original column attachment ventilation(CAV)has been proposed.In this study,the experiment utilized a room space with four columns uniformly distributed in the space to visualize the movement of attached airflow along the cylinder surface and the floor,the numerical technique was employed to study the effects of the column layout(i.e.,uniform,centralized,dispersed,and crossed distribution)on the air distribution of CAV mode in a standard four-column full scale model of a shopping mall.Seven indices,including airflow pattern,air diffusion performance index(ADPI),air temperature distribution,heat removal effectiveness,draught rate(DR),predicted mean vote(PMV),and carbon dioxide(CO2)concentration,were used to assess the ventilation performance.In the CAV mode with a uniform column layout scheme,the experimental results indicated that the air supply flows downward along the wall surface,forming a secondary attachment with the ground and spreading along the floor in a fan radiation flow mode.Further,an“air lake”-like speed and temperature distribution similar to displacement ventilation(DV)was formed in the occupied zone.In all simulation cases,it was found that the average air velocity was less than 0.25 m/s in occupied zone,the effectiveness for heat removal was more significant than 1.0,DR value was less than 20%,the PMV level can also satisfy most people.The average CO2 concentration was around 470 ppm in the occupied breathing zone.These results indicated that the CAV mode could be an efficient air distribution method.They demonstrated the technical feasibility of applying the CAV in the space under different column layout schemes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50348028)
文摘With the development of information technology, the fire safety assessment of whole structure or region based on the computer simulation has become a hot topic. However, traditionally, the concerned studies are performed separately for different objectives and difficult to perform an overall evaluation. A new multi-dimensional integration model and methodology for fire safety assessment were presented and two newly developed integrated systems were introduced to demonstrate the function of integration simulation technology in this paper. The first one is the analysis on the fire-resistant behaviors of whole structure under real fire loads. The second one is the study on fire evaluation and emergency rescue of campus based on geography information technology (GIS). Some practical examples are presented to illuminate the advantages of computer integration technology on fire safety assessment and emphasize some problems in the simulation. The results show that the multi-dimensional integration model offers a new way and platform for the integrating fire safety assessment of whole structure or region, and the integrated software developed is the useful engineering tools for cost-saving and safe design.
文摘China's large public buildings (LPBs) often become problematic after on|y a few years' operation, leading to shortened building lifespans. Lacking architectural programming was identified by the industry regulators as a contributing factor to this. Despite a policy shift on the government side since 2007, little evaluation of the actual situation has been made. To raise awareness and attention to this pressing issue from the building industry, its regulators and the general public, a questionnaire survey focusing on the top-tier sector of professional practice in programming LPBs was carried out in Shanghai, China in 2009. The objectives were to evaluate current trends and pressing issues, identify major challenges and opportunities, and make recommendations for improvement. This paper presents a six-part analysis of the survey's findings from 57 professionals and clients who shared their hands-on experience on various programming issues and provided first-hand data of 90 LPBs developed in the 2000s. This pioneering study revealed significant gaps between the real and best practices as well as the mentat reluctance and skill mismatch in delivering quality programming services. Given the persisting nature of identified problems, more research work should be done to catatyze a paradigmatic shift amon industry players.