Soil Plug Effect Prediction and Pile Driveability Analysis for Large-Diameter Steel Piles in Ocean Engineering

Long steel piles with large diameters have been more widely used in the field of ocean engineering. Owing to the pile with a large diameter, soil plug development during pile driving has great influences on pile driveability and bearing capacity. The response of soil plug developed inside the open-ended pipe pile during the dynamic condition of pile-driving is different from the response under the static condition of loading during service. This paper addresses the former aspect. A numerical procedure for soil plug effect prediction and pile driveabihty analysis is proposed and described. By taking into consideration of the pile dimension effect on side and tip resistance, this approach introduces a dimensional coefficient to the conventional static eqnihbrium equations for the plug differential unit and proposes an improved static equity method for the plug effect prediction. At the same time, this approach introduces a simplified model by use of one-dimensional stress wave equation to simulate the interaction between soil plug and pile inner wall. The proposed approach has been applied in practical engineering analyses. Results show that the calculated plug effect and pile driveabihty based on the proposed approach agree well with the observed data.

Recent developments of large diameter X80 UOE line pipes

High-strength pipeline steel and large diameter line pipes are often used to increase the capacity of transportation and reduce the cost associated with the construction and operation of long-distance gas pipeline projects. China＇ s initiatives to construct long-distance natural gas pipelines has brought in new opportunities for the development of X80 line pipes. Baosteel has designed the optimum chemical composition of X80 with high niobium and low molybdenum content. In addition, a welding experimental platform and a finite element model （FEM） have supported the development of X80 UOE pipes in an efficient and economical way. The application and recent development of X80 UOE pipes were introduced in this paper. To comply with the requirements of the Second West-East Gas Pipeline Project （2^nd WEPP ）, X80 pipeline steel with low carbon bainite microstructure was developed by utilizing the optimized composition and TMCP process. The matching welding material, welding procedure and UOE forming processes for 1 219mm outside diameter X80 UOE pipes were also developed. More than 340 000 t of X80 UOE pipes were produced and applied in the 2^nd WEPP. Furthermore, to meet the prospective demand for long-distance gas pipelines with an annual transportation capacity of over 40 billion m3 ,larger size X80 UOE pipes with 1 422 mm OD × 30. 8 mm WT were trial produced recently. DWTT performance, the main technical challenge for heavier wall pipes, was improved by using optimized microstructural design. The newly developed X80 pipes can be potentially used for larger transportation capacity pipelines in China.

Effects of process parameters on numerical control bending process for large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy tubes

Numerical control(NC) bending experiments with different process parameters were carried out for 5052O aluminum alloy tubes with outer diameter of 70 mm, wall thickness of 1.5 mm, and centerline bending radius of 105 mm. And the effects of process parameters on tube wall thinning and cross section distortion were investigated. Meanwhile, acceptable bending of the 5052O aluminum tubes was accomplished based on the above experiments. The results show that the effects of process parameters on bending process for large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy tubes are similar to those for small diameter thin-walled tubes, but the forming quality of the large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy tubes is much more sensitive to the process parameters and thus it is more difficult to form.

Manufacturing Technology Research and Appraisal of Large-Diameter SSAW Pipe Applied to the West-East Pipeline Project

This paper introduced the research and development of large-diameter SSAW pipes applied to West-East Pipeline project as well as domestic acicular ferrite pipeline steel of X70 grade. Its microstructure analysis was performed in comparison with the pipeline steel of a foreign steel plant (SPC). This paper introduced the research of welding procedures prior to SSAW pipe making and some new procedures and technologies used for West-East Pipeline Project, and appraised the practical level of Large-diameter SSAW pipe applied to the West-East Pipeline Project.

Vertical vibration of a large diameter pipe pile considering transverse inertia effect of pile

Considering the transverse inertia effect of pile, the vertical dynamic response of a large diameter pipe pile in viscoelastic soil layer is studied. The wave propagations in the outer and inner soil are simulated by three-dimensional elastodynamic theory and those in the pile are simulated by Rayleigh-Love rod theory. The vertical and radial displacements of the outer and inner soil are obtained by utilizing Laplace transform technique and differentiation on the governing equations of soils. Then, based on the continuous conditions between the pile and soils, the displacements of the pile are derived. The frequency domain velocity admittance and time domain velocity response of the pile top are also presented. The solution is compared to a classical rod model solution to verify the validity. The influences of the radii and Poisson ratio of pile on the transverse inertia effect of pile are analyzed. The parametric study shows that Poisson ratio and outer radius of pile have significant influence on the transverse inertia effect of large diameter pipe piles, while the inner radius has little effect.

An Approach to Stability Analysis of Embedded Large-Diameter Cylinder Quay

The large-diameter cylinder structure, which is made of large successive bottomless cylinders placed on foundation bed or partly driven into soil, is a recently developed retaining structure in China. It can be used in port, coastal and offshore works. The method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder structure, especially for stability analysis of the embedded large-diameter cylinder structure, is an important issue. In this paper, an idea is presented that is, embedded large-diameter cylinder quays can be divided into two types, i.e. the gravity wall type and the cylinder pile wall type. A method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the cylinder pile wall type is developed and a method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the gravity wall type is also proposed. The effect of significant parameters on the stability of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the cylinder pile wall type is investigated through numerical calculation.

A theoretical analysis of vertical dynamic response of large-diameter pipe piles in layered soil

Considering the viscous damping of the soil and soil-pile vertical coupled vibration,a computational model of large-diameter pipe pile in layered soil was established.The analytical solution in frequency domain was derived by Laplace transformation method.The responses in time domain were obtained by inverse Fourier transformation.The results of the analytical solution proposed agree well with the solutions in homogenous soil.The effects of the shear modulus and damping coefficients of the soil at both outer and inner sides of the pipe pile were researched.The results indicate that the shear modulus of the outer soil has more influence on velocity admittance than the inner soil.The smaller the shear modulus,the larger the amplitude of velocity admittance.The velocity admittance weakened by the damping of the outer soil is more obvious than that weakened by the damping of the inner soil.The displacements of the piles with the same damping coefficients of the outer soil have less difference.Moreover,the effects of the distribution of soil layers are analyzed.The results indicate that the effect of the upper soil layer on dynamic response of the pipe pile is more obvious than that of the bottom soil layer.A larger damping coefficient of the upper layer results in a smaller velocity admittance.The dynamic response of the pipe pile in layered soil is close to that of the pipe pile in homogenous soil when the properties of the upper soil layer are the same.

A Theoretical Analysis of the Bearing Performance of Vertically Loaded Large-Diameter Pipe Pile Groups

This paper aims to present a theoretical method to study the bearing performance of vertically loaded large-diameter pipe pile groups.The interactions between group piles result in different bearing performance of both a single pile and pile groups.Considering the pile group effect and the skin friction from both outer and inner soils,an analytical solution is developed to calculate the settlement and axial force in large-diameter pipe pile groups.The analytical solution was verified by centrifuge and field testing results.An extensive parametric analysis was performed to study the bearing performance of the pipe pile groups.The results reveal that the axial forces in group piles are not the same.The larger the distance from central pile,the larger the axial force.The axial force in the central pile is the smallest,while that in corner piles is the largest.The axial force on the top of the corner piles decreases while that in the central pile increases with increasing of pile spacing and decreasing of pile length.The axial force in side piles varies little with the variations of pile spacing,pile length,and shear modulus of the soil and is approximately equal to the average load shared by one pile.For a pile group,the larger the pile length is,the larger the influence radius is.As a result,the pile group effect is more apparent for a larger pile length.The settlement of pile groups decreases with increasing of the pile number in the group and the shear modulus of the underlying soil.

高填方大直径钢波纹管涵变形机制与控制技术研究

目的 研究高填方大直径钢波纹管涵变形机制与控制技术,解决其结构变形过大的问题。方法 基于管道压缩变形公式,提出在管涵两侧一定范围内填筑水泥土材料的新技术;通过室内试验确定水泥土材料中最优水泥质量分数,再基于数值模拟和现场试验分析采用新技术施工的管涵结构的受力及变形特征及其上部竖向土压力分布规律,确定最优管侧填筑范围。结果 新填筑技术能充分利用水泥土的刚度限制管涵的变形,当管涵两侧2/3管径范围内采用水泥质量分数为8%水泥土回填时,管涵的最大竖向及水平变形分别减少了35.1%和55.0%,结构最大应力也由管顶处转移至管涵上部45°附近,受力更为合理。结论 新填筑技术使管涵更好地与周围土体逐步变形协调,产生荷载重分布形成土拱效应,将管顶土压力由管中心向管边缘处转移,有效减小了钢波纹管涵结构变形和应力集中。

基于广义积分变换法海洋温差能大口径冷水管强迫振动分析

复杂多变的海洋工况将诱发大口径冷水管强迫振动,为探明均布载荷、线性变化的静水压力、集中载荷和周期载荷作用下冷水管振动响应机制。基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,建立了管道动力学控制方程,采用广义积分变换法,求解了系统强迫振动的解析解,并与同伦摄动法相对比,验证了该方法的高精度和有效性,分析了内流、黏弹性耗散系数、阻尼比和质量比对管道振动特性的影响。结果表明:当内流流速对应的振动频率与固有频率接近时,管道将出现动态失稳。增大黏弹性耗散系数、阻尼比和质量比对横向位移的抑制效果呈现依次递减的规律,改变激振位置和激振频率可显著改变管道横向位移。该研究成果可对冷水管的初期设计提供一定的指导作用。

高陡边坡变截面桩基础受力性能研究

高陡边坡中输电塔大直径钢管直桩基础存在材料浪费、经济型较差的问题,使用阶梯变截面桩基础可有效提高基础的经济性、降低施工难度。文中采用ABAQUS软件分别建立45°边坡的变截面桩及直桩精细化有限元模型,在相同下压工况下,以最大应力和最大位移为分析对象,对变截面桩和直桩进行对比。研究发现,在软土地区45°边坡条件下,变截面桩和等截面桩最大拉应力值均符合强度要求,最大位移和钢筋笼最大应力相差很小,变截面桩可以代替直桩;在硬土地区45°边坡条件下,变截面桩和等截面桩最大拉应力值均符合强度要求,最大位移和钢筋笼最大应力相差很小,变截面桩可以代替直桩。研究成果可为阶梯变截面桩在高陡边坡输电塔中应用提供一定的借鉴与参考。

软土地层大直径钢筋混凝土顶管上浮失稳研究

软土地层是顶管施工中较难处理的一类地层,由于土体强度低、压缩量大,易发生管节失稳事故。为研究软土地层大直径钢筋混凝土顶管在失稳发展过程中的受力特性,依托武汉汤逊湖污水处理尾水排江穿湖段顶管工程,对管节轴向应变进行了现场监测。研究了测试管节在穿越上浮失稳区域时的受力情况,分析了管节上浮失稳机理。提出了一种管节上浮失稳判定方法,并对现场所采取的上浮失稳处理措施进行了总结。结果表明:在软土地层中,顶进力、注浆压力、浮力和管节偏转角是引起管节上浮失稳的主要因素。当局部管节上浮时,管节底部将出现应力集中,且随着顶进的进行,上浮量和上浮区域逐渐增加。

层状地基中海洋大直径管桩水平动力响应分析

考虑桩−海水−层状土相互作用,研究了水平动荷载作用下层状地基中海洋大直径管桩的动力响应特性。将海水视为无黏性可压缩流体介质建立桩周、桩芯海水的运动方程,通过分离变量法并结合海水的边界条件求得桩周、桩芯海水作用在管桩上的动水压力。将海床土体视为黏弹性介质并考虑其成层非均质性,利用微分变化并结合土体振动边界条件解得桩周、桩芯土体作用在管桩上的水平抗力。进而根据各桩段上水平力的平衡建立管桩控制方程,利用传递矩阵法并结合桩身的连续条件以及桩顶、桩底的边界条件,得到层状海床土中海洋大直径管桩的水平动力响应解析解,给出了桩顶位移解析表达式。将所得解与有限元模拟结果以及退化解与已有文献解进行对比,验证了本研究计算方法的合理性。并基于所得解分析了管桩−海水−层状土系统水平动力响应对动水压力、水深、土体模量、土层厚度等关键参数的敏感性。

近距离薄煤层群首采层卸压瓦斯协同抽采技术研究

为有效解决近距离薄煤层群开采首采层上、下邻近层大量卸压瓦斯涌入的治理问题,以某煤矿为研究对象,采用理论分析和数值模拟的方法,研究近距离薄煤层群开采条件下卸压瓦斯运移规律,并根据富集特征确定卸压瓦斯抽采钻孔的空间位置。研究结果表明:首采层开采覆岩导气裂隙带最大发育高为10.3~23.2 m。设计超大直径顺层预抽钻孔高0.8 m,宽2.08 m;顶板定向长钻孔终孔最优抽采位置为垂直距离开采层顶板15.0~23.0 m,水平距离回风侧20.5~27.5 m;2条埋管抽采最佳错距为距底板高1.1,1.7 m,深入采空区11.3,20.8 m。优化后的布置参数应用于现场实践,试验工作面回采期间上隅角瓦斯体积分数保持在0.7%以下。研究结果能够实现近距离薄煤层群开采条件下卸压瓦斯高效抽采,保证矿井安全高效生产。

中风化粉砂岩地层大直径顶管受力特性试验研究

为了研究中风化粉砂岩地层大直径钢筋混凝土顶管施工过程中的力学特性,依托黄冈明珠大道综合管廊顶管工程,对管节的接触压力、泥浆压力和应变进行了现场监测;分析了接触压力、泥浆压力及管节应力的变化规律与相互之间的联系;提出了一种通过管节应变计算顶进力的方法。结果表明:顶管施工过程中,接触压力的大小与变化主要受泥浆压力控制。管节轴向应变主要为压应变,且轴向应变对管节偏转较为敏感,较小偏转即会引起轴向应变的变化,偏转较大时轴向会出现拉应变。而接触压力与环向应变在管节偏转较大时才会出现明显变化。同时,由注浆压力引起的接触压力变化对环向应变的影响较小。通过管节轴向压应变平均值乘以受压区面积得到的顶进力与实测值具有较好的一致性。

大直径钢管柱内虹吸排水管道施工安装技术

为了提高大型场馆场地的利用率,降低排水管道对整个场馆设计效果的影响,针对采用大直径钢管柱做结构支撑的大型场馆建筑,提出利用钢管柱内的空间布置不锈钢排水管道,并对钢管柱与排水管道集成设计、细部构造、施工方法、防腐措施等进行了介绍。通过项目应用表明,所建议的方法解决了钢管柱内排水管道吊装稳定性、排水管道与结构柱防腐等难题,同时解决了大型场馆整体设计艺术效果与排水管道分散布置的矛盾,扩大了场馆建筑的使用空间,综合效益良好。

X52材质大口径钢制管道全位置自动焊应用总结

针对X52管线钢的全自动焊焊接接头,充分考虑双焊炬的相互影响以及施工环境的影响,对焊接工艺参数进行了调整和优化,通过拉伸试验、弯曲试验、刻槽锤断试验及硬度试验等机械性能试验验证了焊接工艺的可靠性,形成了焊接工艺评定;同时分析并解决了现场焊接中出现的问题,提炼总结了双焊炬自动焊焊接工艺参数优化的要点,形成了适用于X52管线钢的铜衬垫全自动焊工艺。对焊缝进行了金相分析和硬度试验,从微观上分析了焊缝金属组织结构的分布情况,发现X52管线钢焊缝、热影响区及母材硬度分布与对应区域金相组织中珠光体含量呈正相关,进一步验证了该焊接工艺条件下焊缝金属及热影响区金相组织的一致性。结果表明,铜衬垫全自动焊工艺适用于大口径钢制管道的焊接,采用该工艺可以明显提升焊接质量和焊接效率。

超大口径超长距离排海顶管施工的管控要点

结合嘉兴市污水处理扩容工程外排三期(排海管扩容部分)项目,针对大口径超长距离顶管施工中所存在的困难进行了技术攻关。解决了混凝土沉井节段划分及工厂化制作、沉井分节下沉、封底混凝土浇筑、顶管施工等过程中存在的难题,确保了项目顺利实施。总结的管理工作经验,可为类似项目提供借鉴。

水域超大口径钢筋混凝土顶管轴线控制风险研究

随着城市面积和人口规模的不断增加,承载日常生活的市政管线的埋深和口径不断增大、距离不断增长,使得顶管工程的规模不断突破,甚至超出了现有规范的规定,而传统顶管轴线控制技术不能简单适用于超大口径长距离顶管工程。结合沿金山湖CSO溢流污染综合治理超大口径长距离钢筋混凝土顶管工程,通过理论分析和施工工艺优化,对水域超大口径钢筋混凝土顶管在长距离曲线顶进施工过程的轴线控制技术进行研究,并制定了针对性技术措施,可为类似顶管工程的设计和施工提供参考。

自研单向阀在大口径矿山排水钻孔工程中的应用

鉴于目前大口径钻井固管工艺容易造成固管不密实,管道壁后空洞等问题,在某矿山排水钻孔的施工过程中,通过研制的单向阀完成了排水管的安装和固管,解决固管不密实及固管后残留物较多的问题。本文主要介绍了单向阀的结构及作用,总结了一项利用单向阀完成大口径排水管的安装和固管工艺,可为今后类似工程施工提供经验和参考。