Large-scale Migration of Fluids toward Foreland Basins during Collisional Orogeny: Evidence from Triassic Anhydrock Sequences and Regional Alteration in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Area

The middle-lower Yangtze area underwent a series of complex tectonic evolution, such as Hercynian extensional rifting, Indosinian foreland basining, and Yanshanian transpression-transtension, resulting in a large distinctive Cu-Fe-Au metallogenic belt. In the tectonic evolution, large-scale migration and convergence of fluids toward foreland basins induced during the collisional orogeny of the Yangtze and North China continental blocks were of vital importance for the formation of the metallogenic belt. Through geological surveys of the middle-lower Yangtze area, three lines of evidence of large-scale fluid migration are proposed: (1) The extensive dolomitic and silicic alteration penetrating Cambrian-Triassic strata generally occurs in a region sandwiched between the metallogenic belt along the Yangtze River and the Dabie orogenic belt, and in the alteration domain alternately strong and weak alteration zones extend in a NW direction and are controlled by the fault system of the Dabie orogenic belt; it might record the locus of the activities of long-distance migrating fluids. (2) The textures and structures of very thick Middle-Lower Triassic anhydrock sequences in restricted basins along the river reveal the important contribution of the convergence of regional hot brine in restricted basins and the chemical deposition or their formation. (3) Early-Middle Triassic syndepositional iron carbonate sequences and Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn massive sulfide deposits alternate with anhydrock sequences or are separated from the latter, but all of them occur in the same stratigraphic horizon and are intimately associated with each other, being the product of syndeposition of high-salinity hot brine. According to the geological surveys, combined with previous data, the authors propose a conceptual model of fluid migration-convergence and mineralization during the Dabie collisional orogeny.

Analysis of the Comparison of Twice Regional Large Rainstorms in Northwest Yantai City

[Objective] The twice regional rainstorms in northwest Yantai in July in 2009 and July in 2010 were expounded.[Method] The twice regional rainstorm in northwest Yantai in July in 2009 and July in 2010 were selected for comparison analysis by dint of conventional and non-conventional weather data,from the aspects of circulation background,physics quantity,and radar echo,etc.[Result] The twice large rainstorm process were regional convective strong precipitation.The rainstorm fell in the northwest of Yantai and had a strong precipitation center above 200 mm.The twice large rainstorm was affected by subtropical and shear line.The rainstorm area was related to the location of 588 dagpm line,westerly trough,and shear line.It was regional rainstorm of typical subtropical edge warm and wet airstream,combination of low vortex and shear line of westerly.The precipitation occurred around the center of water vapor flux;K index had pretty good indication effects to the generation of rainstorm.Large rainstorm occurred around the place with high K index.The K index of twice large rainstorm was larger than or equal to 34 ℃,and was close to the rainstorm falling area where K index was larger than or equal to 35 ℃.The reflection factor of twice large rainstorms at 0.5° elevation,the largest echo intensity was from 55 to 60 dBz,in strip echo from south to north,through the west peninsula,forming train effect.The data report product also had important reference basis for the report of regional large rainstorm.[Conclusion] The study provided references and basis for the report of large rainstorm in the future.

Quantitative Prediction of Concentrated Regions of Large and Superlarge Deposits in China

Identification and quantitative prediction of large and superlarge mineral deposits of solid mineral resources using the mineral resource prediction theory and method with comprehensive information is carried out nationwide in China at a scale of 1∶5 000 000. Using deposit concentrated regions as the model units and concentrated mineralization anomaly regions as prediction units, the prediction is performed on GIS platform. The technical route and research method of locating large and superlarge mineral deposits and principle of compiling attribute table of independent variables and functional variables are proposed. Upon methodology study, the qualitative locating and quantitative predicting mineral deposits are carried out with quantitative theory Ⅲ and characteristic analysis, respectively, and the advantage and disadvantage of two methods are discussed. This research is significant for mineral resource prediction in ten provinces of western China.

Metallogenic mechanisms of super-large Cu and Au deposits in the Dexing region and simulating experiments

Based on the results of previous studies and under the direction of the theory of "ore deposit genesis",the authors made use of high temperature and high pressure experimental facilities and conditions at the Tectono-geochemistry Research Room under the State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and put the focus on the multi-source of tectonically controlling ore-forming materials,the characteristics of multi-stage and multi-episode hydrothermal activities and mineralization and the characteristics of multi-genesis and multi-ore deposition so as to shed light on the metallogenic mechanisms of super-large Cu and Au deposits.In addition simulating experiments were made on multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic activities and rock and ore deformation,multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic activities and mobilization and migration of ore-forming materials,and multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic activities and superimposition and enrichment of ore-forming materials.The experimental results showed that under the action of multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic stress the deformation and fragmentation of not only rocks and ores have been intensified,and but also the ore-forming materials originally disbursed in the rocks and ores have been mobilized and migrated and superimposed and enriched.The experimental results also provided the scientific experimental data and grounds for deep-going research on the rules of metallogenesis and geneses of super-large ore deposits in the Dexing region,Jiangxi Province.

REGION-WISE VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES AND GENERALIZED VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES ON LARGE STRAIN FOR CONSOLIDATION THEORY

The difference of constitutive character and large deformation as to soil mass are basic questions to analyze deformational feature. According to the description method of limited deformation, the large deformation consolidation equations of soil mass were created and its variational principles were rigorously testified. The regionwise variational principles of consolidation theory were deduced using sub-structure continuous condition of region-wise. Quoting the method of Lagrangian multiplier operator, generalized variational principles of region-wise of large deformation consolidation in the nonconstrained condition were created and approved.

Formation conditions and exploration direction of large natural gas reservoirs in the oil-prone Bohai Bay Basin, East China

The Bohai Bay Basin is a typical oil-prone basin, in which natural gas geological reserves have a small proportion. In this basin, the gas source rock is largely medium-deep lake mudstone with oil-prone type Ⅱ2-Ⅱ1 kerogens, and natural gas preservation conditions are poor due to active late tectonic movements. The formation conditions of large natural gas fields in the Bohai Bay Basin have been elusive. Based on the exploration results of Bohai Bay Basin and comparison with large gas fields in China and abroad, the formation conditions of conventional large-scale natural gas reservoirs in the Bohai Bay Basin were examined from accumulation dynamics, structure and sedimentation. The results show that the formation conditions of conventional large natural gas reservoirs in Bohai Bay Basin mainly include one core element and two key elements. The core factor is the strong sealing of Paleogene "quilt-like" overpressure mudstone. The two key factors include the rapid maturation and high-intensity gas generation of source rock in the late stage and large scale reservoir. On this basis, large-scale nature gas accumulation models in the Bohai Bay Basin have been worked out, including regional overpressure mudstone enriching model, local overpressure mudstone depleting model, sand-rich sedimentary subsag depleting model and late strongly-developed fault depleting model. It is found that Bozhong sag, northern Liaozhong sag and Banqiao sag have favorable conditions for the formation of large-scale natural gas reservoirs, and are worth exploring. The study results have important guidance for exploration of large scale natural gas reservoirs in the Bohai Bay Basin.

Validating the Runoff from the PRECIS Model Using a Large-Scale Routing Model

The streamflow over the Yellow River basin is simulated using the PRECIS （Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies） regional climate model driven by 15-year （1979-1993） ECMWF reanalysis data as the initial and lateral boundary conditions and an off-line large-scale routing model （LRM）. The LRM uses physical catchment and river channel information and allows streamflow to be predicted for large continental rivers with a 1°×1° spatial resolution. The results show that the PRECIS model can reproduce the general southeast to northwest gradient distribution of the precipitation over the Yellow River basin, The PRECIS- LRM model combination has the capability to simulate the seasonal and annual streamflow over the Yellow River basin. The simulated streamflow is generally coincident with the naturalized streamflow both in timing and in magnitude.

Application of Frontotemporal Expanded Flap with Bilateral Superficial temporal vessels in Repair of Large Area Scar Contracture in Face and Neck

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of frontotemporal expanded flap with bilateral superficial temporal vessels in repairing large area scar contracture in face and neck.Methods 14 patients with facial and Cervical scar contracture in our hospital were taken as the research object.With bilateral superficial temporal vessels as pedicles,a 400-600 ml skin dilator was inserted into the forehead and 50-100 ml skin dilator was inserted into the two temporal parts respectively.Within 3-4 months,the water injection volume reaches 2 times of the dilator volume.After maintaining for one month,skin flap transplantation was performed.The frontal flap was reserved for hairline reconstruction,and the flap was cut to cover the area after facial and Cervical scar release to reconstruct the jaw-neck angle.The pedicle division and pedicle trimming were performed 3-4 weeks after operation.Results All the 14 patients completed the operation successfully.The flap expansion time is 5-6 months.The expanded skin flap covers an area of 26 cm×9 cm-42 cm×16 cm,and all the skin flaps survived after operation.Among them,2 patients suffered from flap congestion after flap transplantation.Follow-up for 6-12 months showed that the color and texture of the skin flap were similar to those of facial skin,with natural transition and no obvious bloating.The angle between the lower jaw and the neck is about 90.The anterior flexion,posterior extension,lateral flexion and rotation of the neck are obviously improved compared with the anterior,and the posterior extension is close to normal.Conclusion Frontotemporal expanded flap with bilateral superficial temporal vessels is suitable for patients with large-area scar contracture in face and neck that cannot be repaired after expansion of adjacent local normal tissues.

施工期铁路隧道软岩大变形快速分级方法研究

研究目的:西南复杂艰险山区等典型构造活跃区的构造地质环境复杂,断裂、褶皱发育,构造应力显著,铁路隧道围岩大变形问题突出,随着构造活跃区铁路隧道工程日益增加,将面临更严峻的大变形问题。在隧道施工开挖过程中,快速判别可能发生的大变形等级,有利于施工工法的调整和支护措施的制定。研究结论:(1)深入分析构造软岩大变形工程案例,以施工期掌子面开挖揭示围岩分级数据为基准,结合区域地应力、岩层厚度、岩性等大变形关键控制因素,快速判定大变形等级,提出了施工期铁路隧道围岩大变形快速分级方法,并结合典型工程案例对分级方法的有效性和准确性进行了验证;(2)本研究成果可应用于施工期间铁路隧道开挖围岩大变形的快速分级,适用于工程地质勘察领域。

软黏土地区深大基坑工程桩-连续墙体系空间变形效应

土体开挖过程中深大基坑存在明显的空间变形效应,对其主体结构力学行为产生影响。以新建苏州南站枢纽深大基坑为工程背景,考虑地连墙厚度及工程桩的影响,基于ABAQUS建立三维空间有限元模型,采用修正剑桥模型考虑软黏土的应变硬化特征,从地连墙侧向位移、墙后地表沉降、工程桩和坑底土体隆起3个方面,研究软黏土地区深大基坑工程桩-连续墙体系的变形特征及空间效应。研究结果表明:深大基坑地连墙的侧向位移和地表沉降均呈现明显的角部效应,基坑A区(地连墙厚度1 m、桩径1 m)地连墙侧向位移角部效应的影响范围为1.05~1.71倍开挖深度,基坑B区(地连墙厚度0.8 m、桩径1.5 m)地连墙侧向位移角部效应的影响范围为0.91~1.48倍开挖深度;基坑A区、B区地表沉降角部效应的影响范围分别为1.24~2.10和1.77~2.47倍开挖深度;深大基坑空间变形角部效应与工程桩桩径及地连墙厚度有关,并且对基坑长边的影响效果大于短边。工程桩可有效增大基坑开挖面以下土体的刚度,减小地连墙的侧向位移;增大地连墙厚度可有效降低基坑的整体变形。基坑工程桩与坑底土体隆起总体呈现中间大、周边小的特征,工程桩周边土体受其约束,隆起较小;在一定范围内,工程桩对土体隆起抑制作用与其桩径呈正相关,与其桩间距呈负相关。软黏土地区深大基坑设计计算中需关注工程桩-连续墙结构体系的空间变形效应。

大区域实景三维模型拼接融合方法及应用

随着实景三维中国建设的开展,大区域实景三维重建与更新已成为迫切需求,其建模面积大、模型成果异构、多尺度等特点导致场景拼接与融合成为丞待解决的问题,本文分别从影像及控制点重叠建立空三工程、包含相同控制点的空三工程融合2个角度,探究了从数据处理中实现三维场景拼接的方法,其次从模型成果的角度通过邻域瓦块的几何拓扑优化实现三维场景无缝拼接,文章对3种方法进行了试验对比及适用性分析,该研究解决了大场景三维模型拼接的问题,促进了实景三维高效高质建设。

五措并举提升大型仪器设备共享成效的探索

大型仪器设备是高校提高教学科研水平和人才培养质量的重要条件,是反映学校的综合实力和办学水平的重要指标。随着高等教育的发展,高校大型仪器设备的类型和数量在不断增加,由此也带来了重复购置、利用率低等问题。通过加大大型仪器设备信息化共享、加强大型仪器设备人员队伍建设、建立健全大型仪器设备共享机制、探索大型仪器全成本核算管理、强化大型仪器设备制度集成创新,形成以内循环为主、区域化为辅的共享模式,全面提升大型仪器设备共享实效。

大单元教学视域下地理思维模型的构建——以初中区域生态治理为例

大单元教学视域下地理思维模型的构建区别于传统以章节、课时为基础的地理思维模型构建,强调打破教材单元、教学内容和课时等局限,重组知识体系,结合知识逻辑,组建思维模型。本文从知识结构、问题解决和认知方式3个维度分析大单元教学视域下地理思维模型的构建优势,提出利用地理眼处理教材逻辑体系、以“人地关系”为主线进行模型构建和精心设计问题链引导学生区域探究的建模策略,并以初中区域生态治理为例构建区域生态治理普适性模型和黄土高原环境保护案例模型,以帮助学生厘清基于大单元教学的地理思维模型构建过程。

铁路大范围复杂地质区域环境三维建模方法研究

科学合理的规划铁路线位,使铁路地质灾害问题解决在成灾之前,一直是复杂山区铁路选线的难题。基于空间数据三维可视化建模技术,提出一种铁路大范围复杂地质区域环境整体三维建模方法。通过对遥感地质解译图的矢量化信息提取与处理,采用拉格朗日插值和三次Hermite曲线插值算法,实现由数据驱动的矢量化不同类型地质对象三维模型创建。根据地质对象空间边界数据和区域边界,构建填充封闭区域和填充色系,实现颜色填充模式的三维地质建模。以DEM模型与DOM影像为数据源,在Infraworks BIM平台中实现大范围三维地形场景建模。基于七参数的坐标系转换方法,以面积比值、空间距离误差和灰度状态均值为标准,建立基于灰度直方图的图像匹配度分析方法和最优控制点选取策略,解决选线完整区域大范围矢量化地质模型在三维地形场景中的精确定位和集成难题,建立铁路工程完整区域的三维工程地质模型,实现大范围复杂地质区域的三维可视化。采用设计方案和铁路线路BIM设计结果在BIM平台定位和集成,实现在三维地质区域环境中无缝展示线路方案BIM模型设计效果。结果表明,构建的大范围的三维地质区域环境模型具有很好的地质信息完整性和可视性,直观展示了整个选线区域的三维地质区域环境,能够较好地满足预可研和可研阶段复杂山区铁路规划线位要求。

一种针对大规模场景的点云匹配算法

针对大规模点云匹配时传统算法速度慢和匹配结果不一致的问题,提出一种新的点云匹配方法。该方法首先利用KD树找到点云中深度最小的点并以该点作为种子点,然后通过在深度信息和曲率两个方面做以改进的区域生长分割算法提取出点云上表面区域,并在该区域提取点云边界。最后使用改进的点对特征完成点云匹配算法验证。实验结果表明,相比传统算法,该方法在匹配速度以及匹配结果的一致性方面得到了显著的提升,在处理大规模点云匹配上具有实际应用价值。

大区域音乐历史文化研究的展望——为首届“长三角音乐历史与文化研究论坛”而作

区域音乐史研究已成为近年来中国音乐史研究中一个引人注目的学术增长点,“大区域”音乐历史与文化研究则是其中值得重视与亟待进一步深入的研究领域。“长三角”地区有着悠久而厚重的音乐历史,是近代以来中西音乐文化交流的聚汇之地,“长三角”音乐家群体为中国近现代音乐文化发展作出了重要历史贡献。“回归历史语境”“整体把握”以及学术观念的更新与拓展,对于“长三角”等大区域音乐文化史研究具有重要学术意义。

西北大温差地区钢管混凝土构件温度场及脱粘分析

为研究西北大温差条件下钢管混凝土构件截面温度场变化规律及钢管与核心混凝土界面脱粘情况,选取新疆乌鲁木齐市和青海西宁市典型日平均大气温度,通过温度冲击循环环境模拟试验方法分为12个时间段在大气模拟箱分别进行素混凝土、钢管混凝土构件温度场和钢管混凝土构件脱粘测试试验,分析西北大温差环境钢管混凝土温度场变化和界面结合状态。结果表明:钢管混凝土构件在大温差反复作用下,因材料差异产生的不同步热胀会使钢管与核心混凝土发生界面脱粘现象,温差越大越明显;同一个系列上径向温度变化中,随直径缩小,温度变化越滞后;当大气温度骤降时,钢管对核心混凝土会产生套箍作用,且温度越低,钢管的套箍作用越强。

区域市场一体化是否提升了城市绿色发展效率?——基于长三角统一大市场的实证分析

区域市场一体化有利于统筹发挥有效市场和有为政府的积极互动作用,为协同推动区域绿色高质量发展提供有力支撑。文章基于全局生产前沿和非径向方向性距离函数构建DEA模型,测算了长三角全域41个地级以上城市全要素绿色发展效率,结果显示,长三角城市全要素绿色发展效率整体上呈上升趋势,其中,长三角中心区城市全要素绿色发展效率保持较快的持续上升趋势,外围区城市全要素绿色发展效率经历了一个先下降、再平缓上升、后较快上升的变化趋势。运用面板Tobit模型实证研究长三角商品市场一体化、资本市场一体化和劳动力市场一体化对城市全要素绿色发展效率的影响,研究结果表明,长三角市场一体化整体上有利于促进城市全要素绿色发展效率提升,尤其是资本市场一体化显著促进了城市全要素绿色发展效率提升,但商品市场一体化和劳动力市场一体化对城市全要素绿色发展效率的整体促进作用尚不显著,市场一体化对全要素绿色发展效率的影响效应在长三角中心区城市表现更为显著。今后要进一步发挥市场机制的主导作用,实现有效市场与有为政府有机结合,提升长三角市场一体化对城市绿色发展效率的促进作用,尤其是要加强商品市场一体化和劳动力市场一体化对城市全要素绿色发展效率的积极作用,提升市场一体化对长三角外围区城市全要素绿色发展效率的协同促进作用。

厚软弱土地域大型沉箱式出运码头结构设计选型研究

为了优化厚软弱土地域大型沉箱式出运码头的结构设计,提高码头结构的安全性和适用性,本文通过详细介绍和分析工程案例概况,探讨了高桩无梁板式和高桩梁板式两种出运码头的结构设计选型。首先,概述了工程案例的基本情况。随后,详细阐述了高桩无梁板式出运码头的结构设计特点。其次,探讨了高桩梁板式出运码头的结构设计。在结构设计选型的基础上,本文进行了出运码头的安全验算,确保所选结构设计方案能够满足工程安全要求。研究结果表明,高桩梁板式出运码头结构设计在厚软弱土地域具有更好的适用性,能够满足大型沉箱式出运码头的安全和使用需求。

严寒地区某高大空间工业厂房供暖系统设计

结合实际工程,对严寒地区某高大空间工业厂房供暖设计的热源、室外供热管网和室内供暖设计进行详细的阐述,同时对厂房供暖系统和供暖末端的选择进行了论述,指出寒冷地区某高大空间工业厂房供暖设计的设计要点和注意事项,为设计人员提供参考。