Light Environment Analysis and Design Strategies of Large Commercial Buildings-A Case Study in Harbin

This paper presents a comprehensive survey for the situation of light environment in large commercial building through architecture design information,subjective and objective fieldwork and online survey for three typical commercial building forms( centralized form, covered mall shopping center, lifestyle center).Descriptive method is used for statistical analysis which includes the evaluation of light environmental quality,subjective assessment among daylight and artificial illumination,effect of physical characteristics on subjective assessment of light environment. Based on the results of statistical analysis,the improving strategies for light environment are proposed in terms of making use of daylight,artificial lighting design and improvement of the overall light environmental quality. The design strategies which based on the consumer needs is very important can provide help for further impact prediction on the quality of light environment.

Analysis on Several Heat Pump Applications in Large Public Buildings

The consumption of cooling and heating energy and the methods of heating and cooling used in large public buildings are analyzed in this paper. A comparison between initial investment and operation costs of heat pump and traditional heating modes used in large public buildings is also introduced. A life cycle cost (LCC) mathematical model is established to analyze the main factors that affect the LCC including the advantages and disadvantages of heat pumps currently in use. Some suggestions about heating and cooling modes applied in large buildings in different geographical areas are given in this paper.

Technical Analysis of Green Construction Management of Large Public Buildings

With the development of the times and the improvement of the economic level,the people’s ideological consciousness has gradually changed,driven by the scientific concept of development and the concept of sustainable development,the people have been able to realize that,traditionally,the extensive economic model has led to more serious damage to the environment,and caused a certain degree of resource waste,but also endangered human health.As a result,the concept of healthy living has received more and more widespread attention.The construction industry as an important pillar of China’s economic development,but also the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in China is one of the key points for the implementation of green construction of large public buildings,it is necessary to strengthen the management of technology,so in this paper,will be the main green construction of large public buildings management technology analysis work.

Investigation and analysis on indoor air quality of large commercial office building in summer

To study the indoor air qualities（IAQ）of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,is investigated.A questionnaire survey and field tests are used to collect data.According to the data of twelve rooms in this building,objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ are obtained.Almost all of the environmental parameters in these rooms basically meet the standards of the objective evaluation.But the average concentration of carbon dioxide in most rooms cannot reach the value of the cleanliness standards,1 255 mg/m^3.The average acceptability of the IAQ in these rooms is 71%,which is lower than the value of the ASHRAE 55—1992 standards,80%.The proper increase in the wind speed and the indoor fresh air supply can greatly improve the objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ.

Experimental study on thermal environment in large-space building with low sidewall air supply

The thermal environmental characteristics are experim-entally studied in terms of different air supply volumes and outdoor meteorological parameters in a large-space building which is air conditioned with a low sidewall air supply.The experimental results show that the indoor vertical temperature distributions under different condition are similar.The maximum vertical temperature difference（MVTD）is up to about 20 ℃,and it linearly changes with the sol-air temperature.The indoor vertical temperature gradients（VTGs）in the upper,central and lower zones are different.The influence of the sol-air temperature on the VTGs in the upper and the lower zones is greater than that in the central zone.The characteristics of the VTGs in the three zones affected by the air supply volume are the same as those affected by the sol-air temperature.Besides,because of the small air velocity,the predicted mean vote（PMV）on comfort in the occupied zone is slightly high and the air temperature difference between the head and the ankle is usually more than 3 ℃.

Characteristics and advantages of energy performance contracting mode for energy saving transformation of existing large public building

Existing large-scale public building energy saving renovation is the inherent requirement of sustainable development, it has been proved that implementing the energy performance contracting mode in the Existing large public buildings energy-saving is an effective way both at home and abroad. EPC mode has obvious characteristics for the ESCO and the customers, it can meet the basic requirements of large public buildings energy-saving, such as the width of funding sources, program specifi cation, advanced technology, information fl ow and management level higher, etc. Under the condition of market economy, it also provides a broad platform for the ESCO implements building energy saving transformation, which is conducive to the realization of the win-win cooperation between the parties, and to promote the healthy development of the existing large public building energy saving reconstruction.

Analysis and Evaluation of Thermal-cooling Loads of Office Buildings Using Carrier Software in Iran

The importance and necessity of energy saving in the world have been dis­cussed for many years,but achieving a logical and transparent solution is still one of the main challenges and problems of the world’s economy.The rapid growth of energy consumption in the last two decades has caused the security of the domestic energy supply of buildings to face serious prob­lems.In this research,first by entering parameters such as the type of mate­rials,doors and windows,and the type of soil on the floor connected to the ground,etc.in the heat and cold load calculation software(HAP Carrier)as the design calculations and then in the second step entering the specifica­tions inferred from the Iran’s national building code as a reference for ener­gy saving calculations,calculations are performed and compared as the first criterion,and finally these two outputs are compared.The actual energy consumption and determination of the building energy consumption index are determined as another criterion,as well as the degree of deviation from the actual consumption.The results showed that the theoretical method and the thermal and refrigeration load calculations of the Zanjan Gas Company building have 6%difference in cooling load but the heating load is about 34%different,which means for cooling loads,the theoretical model can be used with high accuracy but for heating loads,the national building code needs fundamental changes.

广州白云站高架层组合楼盖人致振动及车致振动舒适度研究

广州白云站铁路站房高架候车层采用钢-混凝土组合楼盖结构体系,最大跨度为28.5m。针对其振动舒适度问题,通过数值模拟研究高架层人行激励和承轨层列车激励下结构的动力时程响应。人致振动研究考虑了多种行走激励,对结构施加固定单人步行、移动单人步行、随机多人步行和固定多人步行等工况,分析其振动舒适度。车致振动研究采用一种简化的列车荷载模型模拟列车激励,研究了列车行驶速度、行驶位置以及列车激励同人行激励耦合对高架层楼盖振动响应的影响。数值模拟结果表明:随机多人步行方法和考虑荷载折减的固定多人步行方法较适合模拟实际人群荷载;列车激励对高架层组合楼盖峰值加速度的影响不可忽略,应通过整体分析进行考虑;各人行激励工况以及列车激励同人行激励耦合工况下的结构振动舒适度均满足规范要求。

解决大党独有难题:党的自我革命的主攻方向

“解决大党独有难题”是中国共产党立足新的历史方位加强全面领导、推进自身建设的重大时代命题,也是党的自我革命的主攻方向。党在回应历史和时代之问,解决每一历史阶段的难题中推进了理论创新、制度完善、事业发展,锻造了强大的马克思主义执政党。新时代解决大党独有难题,必须遵循习近平总书记关于党的自我革命的重要思想,坚持“九个以”的实践要求,进一步健全全面从严治党体系、党的自我革命制度规范体系,始终坚持严的基调,不断增强党的自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力。

数字化转型背景下大规模考试机考体系的构建

数字化转型是教育考试顺应时代发展的必由之路,机考以其独特的优势成为大规模考试数字化转型的有效途径。专业考试机构应该结合人工智能、大数据等先进技术,深入探索大规模考试机考的实施策略,利用现代信息技术搭建大规模考试机考体系,改进命题工作方式,提高组考工作效率,优化考试智能评分系统,提升考试评价价值。同时,积极破解数字化转型中机考的数据安全、技术保障、试卷等值等难题,提升大规模考试综合管理的质效,以满足现代考试的需要。

大跨度展馆超限结构数字化交付平台设计与实现——以南充国际会展中心项目为例

大跨度展馆工程造型奇特,容易导致结构设计出现不规则和超限的情况。大跨度展馆超限结构,由于其设计参数超出规范,结构变形性能有所下降,往往也更容易存在不安全因素,影响展馆运维阶段的安全使用。针对大跨度展馆的这些问题,通过数字化交付平台框架、功能和界面设计并通过代码编译进行实现,解决传统交付方式中交付信息分散、无序、复用率低,难以根据变形性能适应运维阶段使用等问题。通过大跨度展馆超限结构数字化交付平台设计及应用,能实现数据的统一存储和信息交付的完整性、规范性,在竣工验收备案、城建档案归档和物业运维中实现数据的快速查看和调用。

中国共产党对大党建设的历史探索及其启示

中国共产党对于建设和治理大党有着长期深入的思考和丰富的实践,在革命、建设、改革和新时代各个历史时期,中国共产党不断结合党的实际探索大党建设的路径,取得了丰硕的成果。党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央站在巩固党长期执政地位的战略高度,开辟了新时代全面从严治党的新局面,使党的自我革命展现出新的气象。中国共产党对大党建设的历史探索启示我们:要对党的队伍和自身发展发生的深刻变化保持高度清醒,把提高党的建设质量放在突出位置;要对组织规模扩大对组织结构的影响保持高度清醒,进一步健全维护党中央权威和集中统一领导的制度;要对大党建设的长期性和复杂性保持高度清醒,确保党不变质不变色不变味,确保党始终赢得人民拥护、巩固长期执政地位。

高层房屋建筑施工技术要点

文章以山西省太原市某高层住宅工程为例,从深基坑支护、地基处理以及大体积混凝土施工等方面,详细阐述具体的施工技术要点与注意事项,以期为相关从业人员提供参考,全面提高高层房屋建筑施工质量,打造高品质建筑产品。

三面围合的人字结构——北京N公寓结构设计

基于某大跨斜连体三塔结构项目,采用多软件对比小震弹性分析、时程分析以及大震动力弹塑性分析方法,对其进行了斜连体传力路径分析、斜连体超限高层结构计算分析、斜连体防连续倒塌验算、斜连体与塔楼连接薄弱部位关键节点有限元分析。分析结果表明,斜连体传力路径可靠,斜连体及与塔楼连接关键传力节点在大震下不屈服,整体结构满足大震下的变形和承载力要求。故本项目结构布置合理,结构体系安全可靠。

高建钢Q420GJZ35大型夹杂物行为

对河钢集团唐山中厚板材有限公司生产的高建钢Q420GJZ35大型夹杂物的种类、数量、尺寸等进行了试验研究,并在钢包渣、中间包覆盖剂、中间包打结料中分别加入Ba、La、Ce示踪元素追踪夹杂物来源。研究结果显示:稳态坯中大型夹杂物总体含量为16.8 mg/10kg;非稳态铸坯中含量最高36.2 mg/10 kg,根据示踪检测结果,部分夹杂黏附有钢包渣、结晶器保护渣和保护渣,其中结晶器卷渣是夹杂物的一个重要来源。通过优化改进浸入式水口,将水口由单侧口改为双侧口,侧孔长度由105 mm改为100 mm,水口出口为带圆角的方孔,并进行数值模拟分析。结果显示,改进型水口计算结晶器流场分布合理,表面波动较小,符合设计要求,有利于表面钢液的合金化和杂质的上浮。

含大石块泥石流冲击作用下框架结构房屋动力响应研究

基于光滑粒子流体动力学-有限元法(smoothed particle hydrodynamics-finite element method,SPH-FEM)耦合的数值方法,分别从结构破坏形态、冲击力时程、关键点位移和速度、系统能量等方面,研究含大石块泥石流冲击作用下框架结构房屋的动力响应和破坏机理。计算结果表明:SPH-FEM耦合方法能够较好地模拟泥石流冲击爬高、绕流扩散、淤积稳定过程。考虑了三种泥石流强度等级,在低、中强度冲击情况下,框架房屋填充墙受到破坏,房屋结构整体保持稳定;在高强度冲击情况下,可以观察到框架房屋的逐步倒塌过程,框架柱损坏模式体现了剪切破坏或塑性铰链失效机制。对于房屋结构而言,泥石流的冲击破坏能力主要来自龙头的冲击力,龙身冲击力相对于龙头降幅约34.2%,大石块的集中作用是结构柱体局部破坏的主要原因。系统能量主要通过泥石流动能转化为结构内能(17.8%)和摩擦耗能(82.8%)。

基于遥感影像的大当量爆炸建筑物毁伤评估模型

为了研究大当量爆炸建筑物毁伤评估问题,基于遥感影像解译和大数据分析构建了大当量爆炸建筑物毁伤评估模型。首先,基于大当量爆炸的具体历史案例构建了毁伤数据集,具体指基于遥感影像提取建筑物毁伤信息,辅助大数据信息补充毁伤细节,利用地理信息系统空间分析数字化毁伤信息,构成毁伤数据集。然后,基于毁伤数据集中的训练样本修正经验模型参数,构建了适用于大当量爆炸的针对不同类型建筑物的毁伤评估模型,并基于毁伤数据集中的验证样本测试了模型性能。实验证明:所构建模型拟合优度高于96%,检验样本准确度高于84%,整体误差在可接受范围内。所构建模型在一定精度要求下可为大当量爆炸事故评估提供参考。

连体高层大跨钢连廊设计关键技术分析

以实际工程项目为背景,针对多塔连体高层大跨钢连廊设计中存在的关键技术问题,对多塔弱连接体结构进行了整体弹性和弹塑性分析,研究了大跨钢连廊对塔楼受力和抗震性能的影响以及连廊自身振动特性和振动控制方案。结果表明,采用弱连接方案来降低大跨钢连廊对各塔楼的影响是合理可行的解决方案;对与连廊采用滑动支座连接一端的塔楼,其独立塔楼和整体模型的动力特性和地震响应基本一致,塔楼可按独立塔楼模型计算结果进行设计;对与连廊采用固定铰支座连接一端的塔楼,其独立塔楼和整体模型的动力特征和地震响应有较大差异,应考虑连廊对抗震性能的影响,按整体模型和独立塔楼模型计算结果进行包络设计;连廊支座布置方案和选取的抗震支座实现了预期弱连接设计理念,满足大震下变形需求;采用TMD减振控制的大跨钢连廊在人群荷载激励下的竖向振动加速度响应减小显著,减振率达到70%,减振后竖向振动加速度满足规范要求。

大语言模型驱动的交互式建筑设计新范式——基于Rhino7的概念验证

随着社会对建筑设计质量要求越来越高,建筑设计软件也变得越来越专业和复杂。现在的设计软件不仅学习成本高,而且交互模式复杂。大语言模型(LLM)的最新突破使计算机清晰地理解人类自然语言指令,并准确生成代码语言具有可行性,有望为人与软件的交互范式提供新思路。因此,本文提出了LLM驱动的交互式建筑设计新范式--将设计师通过多次键鼠操作与设计软件交互转变为LLM根据设计师自然语言指令生成并执行API调用脚本的方式;提出了技术路线并验证了其在建筑设计场景落地的可能性。该技术路线包括:①LLM根据用户指令从API库中搜索与任务相关的API;②LLM基于指令和候选API摘要信息编写程序脚本并运行;③LLM根据来自软件环境、用户等反馈改进优化所编写的程序脚本。通过Rhino7设计软件、GPT-4和CodeLlaMa完成多个设计任务,测试当前LLM是否具备执行该技术路线各关键环节的能力。测试结果不仅证明了LLM驱动的交互式设计范式在建筑设计场景已初具落地前景,也为技术落地提供经验和建议。该设计范式的落地可以降低软件的使用门槛和学习成本,提高设计师工作效率;有望在未来的建筑设计软件中发挥重要作用。

基于大型建筑钢筋混凝土结构后浇带施工技术分析

在城市化快速发展的过程中,人们对自身的生活质量和居住质量有着更高的要求,这也给房屋建筑提出了全新的要求。在房屋建筑过程中,钢筋混凝土结构属于最为普遍的一种结构形式,也是较为常用的一种建筑手段,能够有效确保房屋建筑的质量。基于此,本文就某大型建筑钢筋混凝土结构以及后浇带施工技术进行分析,以期对今后房屋建筑混凝土结构和后浇带技术提供必要的参考借鉴,以此更进一步推动我国建筑行业的发展。