Optimizing loading path and die linetype of large length-to-diameter ratio metal stator screw lining hydroforming

In order to meet the high temperature environment requirement of deep and superdeep well exploitation, a technology of large length-to-diameter ratio metal stator screw lining meshing with rotor is presented. Based on the elastic-plasticity theory, and under the consideration of the effect of tube size, material mechanical parameters, friction coefficient and loading paths, the external pressure plastic forming mechanical model of metal stator screw lining is established, to study the optimal loading path of metal stator lining tube hydroforming process. The results show that wall thickness reduction of the external pressure tube hydroforming(THF) is about 4%, and three evaluation criteria of metal stator screw lining forming quality are presented: fillet stick mold coefficient, thickness relative error and forming quality coefficient. The smaller the three criteria are, the better the forming quality is.Each indicator has a trend of increase with the loading rate reducing, and the adjustment laws of die arc transition zone equidistance profile curve are acquired for improving tube forming quality. Hence, the research results prove the feasibility of external pressure THF used for processing high-accuracy large length-to-diameter ratio metal stator screw lining, and provide theoretical basis for designing new kind of stator structure which has better performance and longer service life.

Preparation of Layered Potassium Titanate Whiskers with Large Length-diameter Ratio by KDC Method

Pure K2Ti4O9 whiskers were prepared by KDC（Kneading-Drying-Calcination） method with TiO2 and K2CO3 as raw materials. The influences of TiO2/K2CO3 molar ratio（RT/K）, calcination temperature（TC） and cooling process on phase composition and morphology of the whiskers were investigated by TG-DSC（thermo gravimetric-differential scanning calorimeter）, XRD（X-ray diffraction）, and SEM（scanning electron microscope）. Pure K2Ti4O9 potassium titanate whiskers with large length-diameter ratio（r）（over 250） can be obtained at RT/K = 2.9 and TC = 950 ℃.

Fabrication and Property of SiC Ceramic with Large Thickness/Diameter Ratios

Silicon carbide ceramics with different thicknesses/diameter ratios were prepared by using ultra-fine silicon carbide powder with the sintering additives of 1.0 wt% boron and 1.5 wt% carbon. The influence of thickness/diameter ratio on the microstructure and density of SiC ceramics was investigated in detail. The experimental results show that the addition of boron and carbon sintering aids can promote the densification process of SiC ceramic, leading to the low sintering temperature and improve mechanical properties. At 1950 ℃, SiC ceramic with a density of 99% exhibits Young's modulus, hardness, and flexural strength of 476 MPa, 28.3 GPa, and 334 MPa, respectively. It is found that long holding time has a positive effect on the uniformity of the microstructure and density distribution of SiC ceramics with large thickness/diameter ratios. Additionally, the sintering additive of boron can solid-solve into SiC, and then facilitate the phase transformation of SiC to form 6H-SiC and 4H-SiC composite ceramics.

On the Elastic Vibration Model for High Length-Diameter Ratio Rocket with Attitude Control System

An elastic vibration model for high length diameter ratio spinning rocket with attitude control system which can be used for trajectory simulation is established. The basic theory of elastic dynamics and vibration dynamics were both used to set up the elastic vibration model of rocket body. In order to study the problem more conveniently, the rocket's body was simplified to be an even beam with two free ends. The model was validated by simulation results and the test data.

Research on Large Depth Diameter Ratio Ultra-precision Aspheric Grinding System

In this paper, the factors of affecting surface roughness and profiles accuracy of the machined larege depth diamter ratio aspheric surfaces in ultra-precision grinding process are analyzed theoretically. An ultra-precision aspheric grinding system is then designed and manufactured. Aerostatic form is adopted to build the spindle of the workpiece, transverse guideway, longitudinal guideway and the spindle of the grinder in this system. The following specification is achieved, such as the turning accuracy of the spindle of the workpiece is 0.05 μm, radial rigidity of the spindle is GE 220N/μm, axial rigidity is GE 160 N/μm, radial rigidity of the guideway is GE 200N/μm, the highest rotational speed of the grinder is 80 000 rev/min and its turning accuracy is 0.1 μm, the resolution of linear displacement of the transverse and longitudinal guideway is 4.9 nm. Adjusting range of this adjusting mechanism is 2 mm in the Y direction, the adjusting accuracy of the precise adjusting mechanism is 0.1 μm. Micro displacement measuring system of this ultra-precision aspheric grinding adopts two-backfeed strategy, and angle displacement back-feed is realized by photoelectric encoder, it’s resolution is 655 360 pulse/rev. after 4 frequency multiplication, it’s angle displacement resolution is achieved 2 621 440 pulse/rev. Straight-line displacement is monitored by single frequency laser interferometer (DLSTAX LTM-20B, made in Japan). This CNC system adopts inimitable bi-arc step length flex CN interpolation algorithm, it’s CN system resolution is 5 nm.So this aspheric grinding system ensures profile accuracy of the machined part. The resolution of this interferometer is 5 nm. Finally, lots of ultra-precision grinding experiments are carried out on this grinding system. Some optical aspheric parts, with profiles accuracy of 0.3 μm, surface roughness less than 0.01 μm, are obtained.

Behaviour of Batter Micropiles Subjected to Vertical and Lateral Loading Conditions

Micropiles are drilled and grouted piles having diameter between 100 to 250 mm. Due to its small diameter, it is suitable for low headroom and limited work area conditions. It can be installed without noise nuisance, without vibrations to surrounding soils and structures and without disruption to the production operations in industries which makes micropiles suitable for underpinning and seismic retrofitting of structures. It is necessary to therefore understand the behaviour of micropiles under different loading conditions. This work is on vertical and battered micropiles with different length/diameter ratio (L/D) subjected to vertical and lateral loading conditions. Batter angles had a significant influence on both the vertical and lateral load carrying capacity. The ultimate vertical load was found to increase upto a 30°batter. The ultimate lateral load was found to increase significantly with increasing L/D ratios upto an L/D ratio of 30 for vertical and 48 for battered piles, beyond which the increase was found to be not significant. In general, negative battered micropiles offered more lateral resistance than positive battered micropiles. The results of the study indicated that the ultimate load capacity and mode of failure of the micropiles are a function of the angle of batter, direction of batter and the L/D ratio for vertically and laterally loaded micropiles.

Optimization Analysis of the Mixing Chamber and Diffuser of Ejector Based on Fano Flow Model

An improved model to calculate the length of the mixing chamber of the ejector was proposed on the basis of the Fano flow model,and a method to optimize the structures of the mixing chamber and diffuser of the ejector was put forward.The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the theoretical results calculated using the model to experimental data reported in literature.Variations in the length of the mixing chamber L_(m) and length of the diffuser L_(d) with respect to variations in the outlet temperature of the ejector T_(c),outlet pressure of the ejector p_(c),and the expansion ratio of the pressure of the primary flow to that of the secondary flow p_(g)/p_(e) were investigated.Moreover,variations in L_(m) and L_(d) with respect to variations in the ratio of the diameter of the throat of the motive nozzle to the diameter of the mixing chamber d_(g0)/d_(c3) and ratio of the outlet diameter of the diffuser to the diameter of themixing chamber d_(c)/d_(c3) were investigated.The distribution of flow fields in the ejector was simulated.Increasing L_(m) and d_(c3) reduced T_(c) and p_(c).Moreover,reducing p_(g)/p_(e) or d_(g0)/d_(c3) reduced T_(c) and p_(c).The length of the mixed section L_(m2),which was determined on the basis of the Fano flow model,increased as pg increased and decreased as d_(c3) increased.The mixing length L_(m1),which was considered the primary flow expansion,showed the opposite trend with that of L_(m2).Moreover,Ld increased as p_(g)/p_(e) and d_(c)/d_(c3) increased.When the value of d_(c) was 1.8 to 2.0 times as high as that of dc3,the semi-cone angle of the diffuser ranged between 6°and 12°.At a constant dc/dc3,decreasing T_(c) and pc increased Ld.

A Parametric Approach to the Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramic or Glass Like Cylindrical Rods at Ambient Temperature

This critical review presents a parametric approach to the evaluation of flexural strength of advanced ceramic or glass like cylindrical rods at ambient temperature.The parameters governing the measurement and evaluation of flexure strengths of glasses and ceramics are detailed with references.The scope for improvement in the existing ASTM STM C-1684 standard is described with a logical rationale and the parameters that need to be addressed are listed and explained.

Quantifying.Associations among Dimensions of Ears and Their Form Factors in Maize(Zea Mays)Using Dimensional Analysis

Ear morphological traits such as volume and shape are important features of maize and the quantitative associations among them can help understand kernel yield determination. 150 mature ears each of 4 maize cultivars were collected from field experiments, and ear length(L), diameter(D), area(S) and volume(V) were recorded for individual ears, kernel weight per ear also recorded for a portion of the examined ears. Following principles of dimensional analysis, 8 theoretical equations of 3 sets,which relate ear higher dimensions to its length and diameter, were developed and parameterized and validated with the field observations. The 3 optimized equations showed that the shape of ears in maize can be featured with 3 dimensionless form factors, namely diameter-to-length ratio(c=D/L), areal form factor(b=S/L/D), and volumetric form factor(a=V/L/D/D). Statistically,all of them were significantly different among cultivars, and a's values varied from 0.582 to 0.612, and b's 0.839-0.868, and c's 0.242-0.308. Volumetric form factor and areal form factor could estimate precisely ear volume and area respectively, but diameter-to-length ratio was not suitable to estimate ear diameter by its length. Ear volume explained almost all variation of ear kernel weight and product L*D*D did the same substantially. Dimensional analysis proved to be promising in understanding relationship among morphological traits of ears in maize. Its application in crop researches should improve our knowledge of the physical properties of crop plants.

不同冲击气压下煤样动态剪切强度的长径比效应

采用Φ50mm分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验系统,开展了不同冲击气压下直径75mm,长径比分别为0.20,0.27,0.33,0.40和0.47的5组煤样的动态剪切试验,划分了煤动态剪应力时程曲线的阶段,探讨了冲击气压对煤样动态剪切强度的影响,分析了煤样动态剪切强度和加载率的长径比效应,并建立了长径比效应理论模型。研究结果表明:①煤样动态剪应力时程曲线可分为应力初始上升、应力线性增长、应力缓慢上升和应力下降4个阶段;②煤样动态剪切强度与冲击气压呈正线性相关,但不同长径比下增加幅度存在差异,具体表现为:相同冲击气压增量下,煤样长径比越小,动态剪切强度的增加幅度越大;③煤样动态剪切强度和加载率均与长径比有关,在0.25,0.35 MPa较低冲击气压与0.45,0.55 MPa较高冲击气压下分别呈现出正、负长径比效应,并通过方差分析确定了长径比对其影响最小的冲击气压为0.376MPa;④建立了不同冲击气压下煤样动态剪切强度长径比效应理论模型,通过加载率效应推导出加载率长径比效应理论模型,并验证了模型的合理性和准确性。

对辊制粒机压辊的有限元分析及优化

对辊制粒机的压辊在工作过程中由于受交变载荷作用寿命往往较短,为改善压辊受力状况,根据对对辊制粒机制粒成型过程的分析以及对压辊受力状况的研究,建立了压辊的力学模型;在此基础上,以某型对辊制粒机为初始模型,通过有限元软件Abaqus探究了压辊表面应力分布情况,并进一步对其长径比及支撑方式进行了优化,结果表明:压辊长径比为1.034时,最大应力比初始模型减小了8.92%,单侧支撑改为双侧支撑可使最大应力减小65.31%,因此这两种优化方式对提高压辊的使用寿命具有重要参考价值。

抗拔桩承载能力影响因素与群桩变形规律试验研究

利用自主研发的桩基室内抗拔测试装置,结合数值模拟技术对抗拔桩的承载破坏过程及影响因素、群桩的协同工作特征展开了深入研究。结果表明:抗拔桩的承载破坏经历4个阶段,承载初期,桩顶侧摩阻力最先发挥作用,桩顶土体发生塑性破坏;随上拔荷载不断增大,桩体产生相对位移,桩周土体由于桩身侧摩阻力产生塑性破坏;当桩身轴力自桩顶传递至桩底时,桩身底端产生抗拔“吸附力”,并伴随局部土体塑性破坏;随着桩周土体塑性区的拓展、连通,抗拔桩承载能力达到极限;桩身长径比、桩-土界面摩擦因数、桩侧土体压力与其承载极限呈正相关关系,其中桩身长径比对桩端“吸附力”具有重要影响;群桩抗拔过程中,角桩侧摩阻力发挥最充分,桩身位移量最小,极限承载力最大,中心桩桩身位移最大,极限承载力最低;距径比影响抗拔桩的群桩效应,当距径比从2增大至8时,桩身侧摩阻力提高30%,将距径比8作为群桩工程的推荐值,6~10作为群桩距径比的推荐范围。

深海无人系统大长径比环肋圆柱壳结构设计与试验研究

环肋圆柱壳是深海无人系统广泛采用的一种耐压结构形式,保障其结构安全是系统研制过程中非常重要的一环。针对环肋圆柱壳的结构特征推导了组合结构重量关系式和结构参数简化估算方法,并以一种超长型深海无人系统耐压结构为例,围绕大长径比环肋圆柱壳的结构形式、设计计算、仿真分析、模型验证等开展研究。研究表明提出的大长径比环肋圆柱壳结构设计参数简化估算方法具有较好的适应性。相关计算和分析结果可以为该型深海无人系统结构设计提供技术支撑,也可以为其他类似耐压结构设计提供参考。

基于CFD流场模拟的大型卧式反应釜结构研究

近年来,加压浸出湿法冶金工程在向更大规模的发展道路受到了配套装备大型化带来的技术制约。为了适应加压浸出工艺关键核心设备-卧式反应釜的规模大型化发展,更好地保证该设备在使用过程中的可靠性与高效性。本文采用CFD流体模拟软件,针对某项目使用的300立卧式反应釜,研究其在不同长径比下的流场分布情况以及搅拌器功率消耗大小与长径比的关系。研究表明适当增加长径比有利于改善水平方向的流场特性,减小长径比有利于改善垂直方向的流场特性,减小长径比有利于搅拌功率的降低。当长径比取1.08或1.13,能够有效提高卧式反应釜内的反应效率,降低成本和系统能耗。

用于风电钢塔筒的加劲钢管压弯性能试验研究

薄壁圆钢管广泛应用于风电机组锥筒型钢塔筒中,其在径厚比较大时易出现局部失稳,进而导致塔筒承载能力下降。该文提出了一种可用于风电钢塔筒的纵向加劲钢圆钢管结构形式,并进行了6个试件的压弯加载试验,以研究加劲肋形式及径厚比大小对加劲圆钢管压弯性能的影响。试验结果表明:在相同用钢量下,加劲肋有效改善了钢管的局部屈曲,改变了结构的破坏形态,增大了钢管的塑性发展程度,从而提升了钢管的承载力及延性,其中T型加劲肋的增强效果更为明显。并将试验模型与有限元建模进行对照,互相验证了准确性。最后使用现有设计标准对试验结果进行了初步评估,无加劲肋试件与各设计标准吻合良好,但现有计算方法低估了加劲试件的承载力。

涡环输送特性的实验与仿真分析

为探究结构变化对涡环输送的作用,设计一种基于空气驱动活塞运动模式的空气涡环发生器,采用实验方法研究了涡环发生器的长径比、环径比及活塞停顿时间对涡环输送特性的影响,通过数值仿真对涡环输送过程的速度场和压力场进行分析。结果表明:长径比与环径比对涡环输送特性影响较大,活塞停顿时间的影响较小,其中涡环输送的最远距离为277 cm;长径比过大会造成较大沿程损失,环径比过大会造成较大局部损失,阻碍涡环的生成和输送,而涡环具有在较小能量耗散的同时远距离输送的特性。

爆炸动载下金属柱壳破片速度场分布研究

针对格尼(Gurney)公式无法描述破片速度场沿圆柱壳体轴向变化的问题,该文通过AUTODYN软件建立仿真模型,分析了长径比和壳体壁厚对破片速度场分布的影响。考虑爆炸加载下壳体断裂过程,修正了Gurney公式。基于上述研究,将壳体长径比和相对壁厚引入指数形式的修正因子中,建立了破片速度场轴向分布模型。通过实验验证了该模型的合理性。研究结果表明:对于圆柱形战斗部,相对壁厚为常数,长径比越大,战斗部形成破片速度越接近v 0;长径比为常数,壳体相对壁厚越小,战斗部形成破片速度越接近v 0。将该文理论结果与Gurney理论结果以及实验结果进行对比,该文理论结果误差均在7%以内,大部分误差小于3%,与实验结果更加吻合,验证了该文建立的破片速度场轴向分布模型的合理性。该文理论模型可为杀伤战斗部破片参数精准设计提供参考。

基于循环神经网络的超大直径盾构掘进地表沉降预测方法研究

为了研究超大直径盾构掘进过程地面沉降规律,以武汉市和平大道南延线盾构工程为研究对象,首先收集了超大直径盾构下穿过程掘进参数和地层地质参数,并使用盾构掘进过程深跨比描述超大直径盾构影响特征;其次,通过收集现场沉降测点数据分析盾构隧道施工阶段地表沉降的影响范围,计算了90%、95%、99%三种置信区间下地表沉降影响范围;最后,选取不同范围内的多元时序数据作为输入参数,分别建立了基于贝叶斯优化算法(BO)的长短期记忆(LSTM)、BP神经网络和随机森林(RF)大直径盾构地面沉降预测模型.模型运行过程中,通过贝叶斯优化算法分别寻找三种不同模型下的最优超参数,并通过四种评价指标对比模型精度.结果如下:①在90%置信水平下三种算法均表现出最高精度,通过区间计算筛选有效输入参数能有效提高模型预测精度;②LSTM对隧道沉降的预测结果优于传统机器学习算法模型,MAPE最低达到8.91%,R^(2)达到90%.

Mg^(2+)、Al^(3+)对制备半水硫酸钙晶须形貌和尺寸的影响

以二水硫酸钙为原料,通过水热法制备半水硫酸钙晶须,在探究反应温度、反应时间对晶须形貌和尺寸影响基础上,分别系统考察了Mg^(2+)、Al^(3+)浓度对其形貌和尺寸的影响。实验结果表明:在料浆质量分数为2%、反应温度为160℃、反应时间为6 h条件下制备的产物其平均长度为273.4μm,平均长径比达到30.4,晶须的形貌为针状且较为均一。在低浓度的Mg^(2+)存在下,半水硫酸钙晶须的直径小,长径比高;Al^(3+)对半水硫酸钙晶须沿c轴的生长有较强的抑制作用,得到的晶须呈现棒状或者纺锤体状。

基于高空模拟试车台大口径套筒式柱塞阀流动特性分析

为了准确描述大口径套筒式柱塞阀内速度、压力和流阻系数的变化规律,通过Fluent软件模拟开度、压比对套筒式柱塞阀流动特性的影响。结果表明:阀内速度和压力都沿着阀芯轴线对称分布,当开度增加时,轴向射流汇集区速度增大,出口速度随之增大,速度均匀性降低,节流窗口处气流压力减小,轴向压力趋于均匀,流阻系数随开度增加先迅速减小后趋于稳定;当压比增大时,进口速度先保持不变而后不断减小,存在临界压比,速度和压力逐渐趋于均匀,压比越大流阻系数下降越显著。