Microstructure and properties of 35 kg large aluminum alloy flywheel housing components formed by squeeze casting with local pressure compensation

The squeeze casting method with local pressure compensation was proposed to form a flywheel housing component with a weight of 35 kg.The numerical simulation,microstructure observation and phase characterization were performed,and the influence of local pressure compensation on feeding of thick-wall position,microstructure and mechanical properties of the formed components were discussed.Results show that the molten metal keeps a good fluidity and the filling is complete during the filling process.Although the solidification at thick-wall positions of the mounting ports is slow,the local pressure compensation effectively realizes the local forced feeding,significantly eliminating the shrinkage cavity defects.In the microstructure of AlSi9Mg alloy,α-Al primarily consists of fragmented dendrites and rosette grains,while eutectic Si predominantly comprises needles and short rods.The impact of local pressure compensation on strength is relatively minimal,yet its influence on elongation is considerable.Following local pressure compensation,the average elongation at the compensated areas is 9.18%,which represents a 44.90%higher than that before compensation.The average tensile strength is 209.1 MPa,and the average yield strength is 100.6 MPa.The local pressure compensation can significantly reduce or even eliminate the internal defects in the 35 kg large-weight components formed by squeeze casting.

Stiffness of Postural Alignment System Based on 3-Axis Actuators for Large Aircraft Components

Aircraft digital flexible assembly fixture and technologies are widely used in developed countries, while the traditional jig-based assembly mode is still used in China. The application study of aircraft digital flexible assembly system is just beginning in our country recently. To meet the requirements of automated posture alignment and join in digital assembly system for large aircraft components, a novel fitting fixture called 3-axis actuator is developed. On the basis of the actuators, three kinds of posture alignment system for large aircraft components are proposed, including the non-redundant system, the redundant actuating system, and the redundant leg system, and their constitutions and properties are introduced. Through deriving the feeding transmission stiffness model of single actuator and analyzing the inverse kinematics of these systems, the relationship between the external force and the changes of position and orientation of large aircraft component is obtained, and then the postural alignment stiffness models are established. With the method mentioned above, the postural alignment stiffness of three systems is computed by using the algebraic formulate, and the results show that redundant properties can increase system＇s postural alignment stiffness. As an example, a optimized layout of the assembly system for a given model of aircraft is developed, the results of application show that the layout has many advantages, such as high accuracy, stiffness, stability, reliability, efficiency and flexible, which can satisfy the requirement of aircraft digital assembly system well. The proposed study of postural alignment stiffness for different systems can supply the theoretic support for the optimization layout design of aircraft digital assembly system, and contribute to evaluate the system working performance of systems.

Development of pressure control system in counter gravity casting for large thin-walled A357 aluminum alloy components

Counter gravity casting equipments(CGCE) were widely used to produce large thin-walled A357 aluminum alloy components. To improve the pressure control precision of CGCE to get high quality castings, a pressure control system based on fuzzy-PID hybrid control technology and the digital assembled valve was developed. The actual pressure tracking experiment results show that the special system by applying PID controller and fuzzy controller to varied phases, is not only able to inherit the small error and good static stability of classical PID control, but also has fuzzy control’s advantage of fully adapting itself to the object. The pressure control error is less than 0.3 kPa. By using this pressure control system, large complex thin-walled A357 aluminum alloy castings with high quality was successfully produced.

A Reconfigurable Manufacturing System for In-site Machining Component with Large Scale

To cope with various unpredictable changes in large scale parts,the concept of reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) for machining these components is presented.Considering with large-size space measurement and the fixed-free manufacture mode,an automatically localizing machining method for large scale part is studied in this paper,and the architecture of the RMS for machining large scale parts is proposed.According to the method and structure,the automatically localizing model is established.The theoretical analysis and simulation examples demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed method,and the results indicate that the method is suitable and effective for machining large scale components in significant scientific projects.

NEW OPTIMAL LARGE ANGLE MANEUVER STRATEGY FOR SINGLE FLEXIBLE LINK

A component synthesis vibration suppression (CSVS) method for flexible structures is put forward. It can eliminate any unwanted orders of flexible vibration modes while achieves desired rigid motion. This method has robustness to uncertainty of frequency, which makes it practical in engineering. Several time optimal and time-fuel optimal control strategies are designed for a kind of single flexible link. Simulation results validate the feasibility of our method.

Scaling of motion and governing equations for baroclinic large-scale motions in equatorial ocean

An obvious characteristic of the baroclinic large-scale motions in the equatorial ocean is that the meridional scale H of motion is far smaller than the zonal scale L. The scaling of motion carefully with this striking characteristic in this paper results in two conclusions, i. e., the Coriolis terms associated with the horizontal component of the rotation vector cannot be neglected in the governing equations; and the use of the absence of heating is not suitable to the equatorial region. In this paper the equatorial β-plane nondimensional governing equations with the small parametersδ_0 andδ_1 have been Obtained.

深圳LNG应急调峰站取水口设计

根据深圳LNG应急调峰站取水口平面布置,结合其使用功能特点和施工过程,取水口结构采用与护岸同步施工。针对取水口结构尺寸大、质量过大、浮运安装比较困难的问题,进行针对性的结构设计,采取“预制浮坞式+现场二次浇筑”方案,并对不同工况下结构内力进行数值分析。结果表明,该方案能满足设计要求,较好地克服施工过程中遇到的困难,并顺利通过交工验收,达到了节约成本和缩短工期的目的。

基于空间投影和聚类划分的SVR加速算法

数据不仅能产生价值,还对统计学的科学发展提供了动力。随着科技的飞速发展,海量数据得以涌现,但大规模的数据会导致很多传统处理方法很难满足各领域对数据分析的需求。面对海量数据时代学习算法的低效性,分治法通常被认为是解决这一问题最直接、最广泛使用的策略。SVR是一种强大的回归算法,在模式识别和数据挖掘等领域有广泛应用。然而在处理大规模数据时,SVR训练效率低。为此,该文利用分治思想提出一种基于空间投影和聚类划分的SVR加速算法(PKM-SVR)。利用投影向量将数据投影到二维空间;利用聚类方法将数据空间划分为k个互不相交的区域;在每个区域上训练SVR模型;利用每个区域的SVR模型预测落入同一区域的待识别样本。在标准数据集上与传统的数据划分方法进行对比实验,实验结果表明该算法训练速度较快,并表现出更好的预测性能。

6082-T6铝合金构件及其超大跨空间结构的受力性能与设计方法

针对6082-T6铝合金,从材料力学性能、轴压与偏压构件稳定承载力、受弯构件受力性能方面进行了系统试验和数值仿真研究;建立了国产铝合金构件试验数据库,评估了中、欧、美规范及DSM、CSM共5种设计方法的可靠度水平;对6082-T6铝合金圆管及泡沫铝填充复合管开展侧向冲击试验与数值仿真研究,提出了构件动态响应计算方法,并建立了冲击下构件变形的预测方法;针对超大跨度铝合金巨型网格结构开展了探索性研究,提出了适用于超大跨度结构的新型节点形式及稳定受力性能分析。研究成果将对6082-T6铝合金构件及结构在工程中的推广应用、提升结构的承载与抗冲击防御能力提供依据与技术支撑。

基于线结构光的大型构件表面尺寸加工质量检测方法

针对大型构件表面尺寸加工质量的高精度三维检测的需求,设计了一套主动式线结构光旋转扫描检测系统.采用相机主动式旋转扫描,适用于不方便移动且跨距大、特征多的大型构件检测.提出了一种新的系统旋转中心快速标定的方法,仅需标靶上一点即可完成标定,适合大型构件检测的现场快速标定.加入编码机构,可根据被测物的特征变化动态调整扫描速度,提高了系统检测效率和通用性.所有元器件均可单独调用,保证了系统的可扩展性.改善了扫描时的串口逻辑,进一步提高了三维点云的密度.实验结果表明,本系统对标准物体的最大偏差为0.0310 mm,标准差最大为0.0150 mm,对大型构件实物的检测误差在0.05 mm以内,满足大型构件表面特征加工质量的高精度三维检测需求.

液体静压运动副的四轴联动精密加工机床结构设计

大口径平面、球面、非球面光学元件广泛应用于光刻机、高能激光器、高分相机等高端装备的光学系统中,尺寸大于400 mm×400 mm、表面轮廓精度均方根值(root mean square,RMS)优于1μm等技术指标是大口径光学元件在磨削加工阶段的目标精度要求。磨削工艺主要面临如何实现高平滑的表面轮廓加工以及控制亚表面损伤层深度等问题。根据已有的实验研究,磨削机床采用高精度的液体静压运动副,可以有效地提高光学元件抛光后表面轮廓的平滑程度以及降低亚表面损伤层的厚度。具备上述特性的高性能磨削机床国外对中国禁运,而国内尚无成熟的商品。因此,文章研制了一种采用液体静压运动副的四轴联动精密加工机床,分析了机床的主要构型,进行了机床主要运动部件的精度分配,完成了基于液体静压运动副的X/Y/Z/C四轴的设计方案,最后进行了光学元件磨削加工工艺实验,实现了380 mm×541 mm口径微晶玻璃磨削面形精度±0.471μm(RMS值)、表面粗糙度Ra0.3μm的加工目标。

神东煤矿机电设备大型部件安全库存分析

为探讨煤矿机电设备大型部件安全库存的必要性以及对煤企安全生产的影响,通过调研国能神东机电设备大型部件库存的现状,给出了保障国能神东煤矿机电设备大型部件安全库存的具体措施。分析认为,开展机电设备大型部件库存统计对实现国能神东在管理上的提质降本增效有重要的作用,且在实践中应建立一套符合神东模式的机电设备大型部件安全库存储备标准,有助于为设备管理提供科学精准的参考。

一种基于计算智能的飞机部件装配序列优化方法

针对目前装配资源受限条件下大型部件装配规划存在效率低、性能差的问题,提出一种基于离散烟花算法的装配序列规划模型。建立了装配部件、装配资源和混合干涉矩阵,以描述不同情况下的装配干涉问题。为了加快可行解的求解速度,设计了包括爆炸幅度、烟花爆炸产生的火花数量和火花位置更新的策略。实验阶段,以机翼的装配过程为例对所提模型进行验证。结果表明,与离散粒子群优化算法相比,使用所提出的离散烟花算法获得的解的适应度函数值更优,所提算法适应度值提升约24.5%。

面向多传感系统协同测量场的站位规划方法

针对大型构件多传感系统协同测量中各系统测量可达性模型多样化、多系统测量精度不均衡而导致的组合式测量站位设置多依赖测量人员经验以及需要不断尝试获取合适站位的问题,提出一种多传感系统协同测量场的站位规划方法。首先,考虑工装遮挡问题,对协同测量场中的组合式测量可达性模型进行优化,建立基于?鱼优化算法的有工装站位初值求解模型,解算组合式测量系统各测量站位初始值;其次,建立协同测量精度模型,以测量精度最佳为约束条件,建立观测值的加权均方根误差和矢量角度测量误差的优化目标函数,基于牛顿迭代算法不断迭代和更新到最佳精度站位坐标;最后,以某目标模拟器满足位置、姿态初始装调精度需求为例,进行组合式协同测量站位规划实验,优化后测量数据均方根误差为0.032 mm,相较于优化前测量规划位置测量精度提高34%,角度测量精度提高9.5%。该方法可有效地提高测量精度及可视化效果,为大型构件测量领域的进一步研究提供理论及应用参考。

大型复合材料构件机器人铣边站位优化研究

针对大型复合材料构件机器人铣边站位选取不合理导致加工质量低下的问题,提出基于最优刚度的单机器人多工位铣边站位优化方法。通过机器人运动学正逆解求得机器人刚度,建立与机器人站位相关的刚度函数模型。对不同站位下的机器人铣边任务进行分配,并通过基于刚度的站位优化算法开展机器人铣边站位优化研究,获得机器人刚度最优的一组站位。机器人铣边试验验证了机器人铣边站位的优化效果。结果表明,相比优化前,基于最优刚度的站位优化可显著提升机器人铣边稳定性,使铣边加工表面粗糙度降低33%以上。

大黄鱼优势腐败菌的致腐能力及对挥发性风味的影响

为评估冷藏大黄鱼优势腐败菌的致腐能力,从贮藏末期的鱼肉中分离出7种腐败菌,分析接种7种腐败菌的鱼肉样品的菌落总数值(TVC)、总挥发性盐基氮值(TNB-N)和挥发性成分组成。结果表明,接种不同菌株的鱼肉样品间的TVC值呈现显著性差异(P<0.05),其中魏氏假单胞菌、波罗的海希瓦氏菌、麦芽糖肉食杆菌在贮藏末期增长缓慢;接种液化沙雷氏菌、软体气单胞菌、波罗的海希瓦氏菌的TNB-N值增幅较快,与初始时相比分别增加了7.31%,4.92%,7.03%,而对照组仅增加0.98%。产量因子结果显示:波罗的海希瓦氏菌是真空包装大黄鱼贮藏期间的优势腐败菌,其末期值高达46.58×10^(-8)mg TVB-N/CFU,其次是液化沙雷氏菌和软体气单胞菌。通过气相色谱-离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)共鉴定出81种挥发性风味物质,其中对照组主要产生醚类、醇类、烯类、噻唑类物质。明显不同于对照组,在7种腐败菌作用下挥发性成分主要为酯类、醛酮类、烃类以及含氮含硫类化合物,接种不同菌种后鱼块的气味物质种类存在着较大的差异,不同接菌鱼块会产生其特有的风味物质。本研究为后期进一步探究贮藏大黄鱼的腐败机制提供参考。

大部件装配中的MRE被动柔顺装置研究

随着我国航天制造领域智能化要求的不断提升,利用工业机器人实现大部件的柔顺辅助装配对实现航天器的智能制造具有重要意义。然而在进行大部件的高精度装配时,机器人易受限于本体性能而难以弥补物理上的机械设计误差。据此,基于磁流变弹性体(Magnetorheological Elastomer,MRE)设计了一种可变刚度的被动柔顺装置置于机器人末端,并对其进行了仿真及实验测试,结果表明,升高通入电流可提高装置刚度,且装置在1 A电流差下的位移差约为20%,适配柔顺辅助装配的不同过程。

大直径水平受荷单桩的抗力组分分析及其应用

现有海上风机单桩设计方法的改进主要从修正p-y曲线入手,较少涉及单桩抗力组分的研究。文章将大直径水平受荷单桩的桩-土相互作用分解为桩-土水平抗力p、侧壁摩阻力τz、基底水平摩阻力Fs、基底竖向抗力Fbot,建立含4类抗力弹簧的简化梁单元分析模型,通过三维有限元分析对工程试桩验算,提取各抗力弹簧的组分,明确大直径单桩的抗力组成和变化规律。结果表明,小长径比单桩的水平承载力主要由水平抗力(p-y抗力)控制,但侧壁摩阻力τz、基底水平摩阻力Fs不可忽略;大直径单桩变形模式由桩土相对刚度控制,长径比是影响单桩水平承载力组分变化的重要因素。在此基础上提出了p-y抗力组分曲线,并通过案例分析展示了修正单桩水平承载力的步骤和结果。

道岔大轨件全生命周期管理信息系统的设计与实现

为解决道岔大轨件(简称:大轨件)台账记录方式落后、现场作业人员无法快速掌握设备信息、备件重复利用不充分等问题,设计实现了大轨件全生命周期管理信息系统。该系统优化大轨件全生命周期管理流程,精确、实时掌控大轨件服役状态,采用网页端与手持终端App相结合的形式,强化生产作业过程管控,保障大轨件信息获取与更新的时效性,已在某工务段试点应用,并取得良好的试用效果,验证了该系统对大轨件信息化管理的实际意义。

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法鉴定黄大茶化学成分

黄大茶是中国特有的茶叶品种,具有降脂、降糖、改善代谢综合征的保健功效,但由于缺乏对黄大茶化学成分的研究,其功效性物质基础尚未被完全揭示。本研究以超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q TOF/MS)作为检测工具,结合中性丢失和特征碎片离子等信息,对黄大茶的主要化学成分进行筛查和分析。选取Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm×21 mm,17μm)进行分离,以01%甲酸水和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速02 mL/min,进样量2μL,柱温35℃。在电喷雾电离(ESI)正/负离子模式下,利用全信息串联质谱(MSE)技术采集黄大茶样品溶液的质谱信息。通过查阅文献构建茶叶化学成分数据库,主要包括化学名称、分子式、结构式、准分子离子、碎片离子等信息,对自建数据库中的化学成分按照骨架结构进行归类;基于UPLC-Q TOF/MS测定结果,利用对照品对主要类别化合物的质谱裂解规律进行梳理,并总结其特征碎片离子和中性丢失特征;结合化合物的保留时间、准分子离子、碎片离子等信息对化合物结构进行表征。本研究共从黄大茶中鉴定出87个化学成分,包括10个儿茶素类、32个黄酮类、16个酚酸类、12个鞣质类、6个茶黄素类以及11个其他类别化合物,其中14个成分经对照品予以验证。该方法能够全面阐明黄大茶的主要化学成分,为黄大茶功效性成分发现、品质评价提供科学依据和数据支撑。