Crude oil is a kind of water/oil emulsion, which the oil phase consists of organic molecules with different molecular weights such as alkanes, paraffin, asphaltene, and resins. Due to the change in physicochemical con...Crude oil is a kind of water/oil emulsion, which the oil phase consists of organic molecules with different molecular weights such as alkanes, paraffin, asphaltene, and resins. Due to the change in physicochemical conditions during the production, transportation, storage, and refining, heavier molecules can precipitate from crude oil. Thus, viscous sludge formed at the bottom of storage tanks can cause many problems including reduction of storage capacity of tank, oil contamination, corrosion, repair costs, environmental pollution, etc. The reduction of sludge viscosity can be achieved by reduction of its interfacial tension. In this study, different chemical and physical factors, influencing prepared emulsions（made of sludge, water and surfactant）, such as surfactants, solvents, temperature, pressure, and mixing conditions were investigated. Results showed that non-ionic surfactants（like bitumen emulsifier）, and solvents（such as mixed xylene, AW-400, and AW-402）, injection of additives, applying pressure, and mixing operations had a positive effect on reduction of emulsion viscosity. All experiments were carried out with sludge obtained from crude oil storage tanks at Kharg Island,Iran.展开更多
The features of acoustic bathymetry of sludge in crude oil tanks are considered. Different parameters of crude oil and sludge which are important for the selection of acoustic parameters such as sound speed, the acous...The features of acoustic bathymetry of sludge in crude oil tanks are considered. Different parameters of crude oil and sludge which are important for the selection of acoustic parameters such as sound speed, the acoustic impedances of “oil-sludge” boundaries and sound attenuation are analyzed and compared with experimental data. The main sources of errors of sludge volume estimation are discussed.展开更多
The consumption and demand for petroleum are increasing dramatically with the rapid development of industry and energy sector.As a result,petroleum refineries produce the greatest amount of oily sludge formed at the b...The consumption and demand for petroleum are increasing dramatically with the rapid development of industry and energy sector.As a result,petroleum refineries produce the greatest amount of oily sludge formed at the bottom of storage tanks during oil storage operations,which has a severely negative impact on the storage capacity and the operational safety of the storage tank.The present study focuses on the rheology of this complex fluid from Algerian crude oil storage tanks.Rheological measurements were performed at different temperatures under steady shear and dynamic oscillometry using AR-2000 Rheometer.The results obtained show that the sludge exhibits yield-pseudoplastic flow behavior at low shear rates,which is adequately described by the Herschel Bulkley model based on the standard error and correlation coefficient values.However,quasi-Newtonian flow behavior occurs at very high shear rates.The increase in temperature had positive effects on the rheological properties of the sludge,including dynamic viscosity,shear stress,yield stress,complex modulus,elastic modulus and viscous modulus.The dynamic rheology studies have shown that the sludge material behaves more like a solid than a liquid under all experimental conditions studied.展开更多
埕北B平台上的大型原油储罐设计建造于20世纪80年代,设计规范采用API 650(第7版),材质为JIS G 3101—1976标准的SS41,原设计使用寿命为15年。由于罐壁局部腐蚀深度超过腐蚀余量,需要通过对比设计建造新旧版本规范、国内国外标准、强度核...埕北B平台上的大型原油储罐设计建造于20世纪80年代,设计规范采用API 650(第7版),材质为JIS G 3101—1976标准的SS41,原设计使用寿命为15年。由于罐壁局部腐蚀深度超过腐蚀余量,需要通过对比设计建造新旧版本规范、国内国外标准、强度核算,完成腐蚀后的安全状态评估,采用门形切除逐块更换方案,通过控制焊接整体变形量完成缺陷改造,延长其使用寿命。展开更多
文摘Crude oil is a kind of water/oil emulsion, which the oil phase consists of organic molecules with different molecular weights such as alkanes, paraffin, asphaltene, and resins. Due to the change in physicochemical conditions during the production, transportation, storage, and refining, heavier molecules can precipitate from crude oil. Thus, viscous sludge formed at the bottom of storage tanks can cause many problems including reduction of storage capacity of tank, oil contamination, corrosion, repair costs, environmental pollution, etc. The reduction of sludge viscosity can be achieved by reduction of its interfacial tension. In this study, different chemical and physical factors, influencing prepared emulsions（made of sludge, water and surfactant）, such as surfactants, solvents, temperature, pressure, and mixing conditions were investigated. Results showed that non-ionic surfactants（like bitumen emulsifier）, and solvents（such as mixed xylene, AW-400, and AW-402）, injection of additives, applying pressure, and mixing operations had a positive effect on reduction of emulsion viscosity. All experiments were carried out with sludge obtained from crude oil storage tanks at Kharg Island,Iran.
文摘The features of acoustic bathymetry of sludge in crude oil tanks are considered. Different parameters of crude oil and sludge which are important for the selection of acoustic parameters such as sound speed, the acoustic impedances of “oil-sludge” boundaries and sound attenuation are analyzed and compared with experimental data. The main sources of errors of sludge volume estimation are discussed.
文摘The consumption and demand for petroleum are increasing dramatically with the rapid development of industry and energy sector.As a result,petroleum refineries produce the greatest amount of oily sludge formed at the bottom of storage tanks during oil storage operations,which has a severely negative impact on the storage capacity and the operational safety of the storage tank.The present study focuses on the rheology of this complex fluid from Algerian crude oil storage tanks.Rheological measurements were performed at different temperatures under steady shear and dynamic oscillometry using AR-2000 Rheometer.The results obtained show that the sludge exhibits yield-pseudoplastic flow behavior at low shear rates,which is adequately described by the Herschel Bulkley model based on the standard error and correlation coefficient values.However,quasi-Newtonian flow behavior occurs at very high shear rates.The increase in temperature had positive effects on the rheological properties of the sludge,including dynamic viscosity,shear stress,yield stress,complex modulus,elastic modulus and viscous modulus.The dynamic rheology studies have shown that the sludge material behaves more like a solid than a liquid under all experimental conditions studied.
文摘埕北B平台上的大型原油储罐设计建造于20世纪80年代,设计规范采用API 650(第7版),材质为JIS G 3101—1976标准的SS41,原设计使用寿命为15年。由于罐壁局部腐蚀深度超过腐蚀余量,需要通过对比设计建造新旧版本规范、国内国外标准、强度核算,完成腐蚀后的安全状态评估,采用门形切除逐块更换方案,通过控制焊接整体变形量完成缺陷改造,延长其使用寿命。
