Finite element model updating for large span spatial steel structure considering uncertainties

In order to establish the baseline finite element model for structural health monitoring,a new method of model updating was proposed after analyzing the uncertainties of measured data and the error of finite element model.In the new method,the finite element model was replaced by the multi-output support vector regression machine(MSVR).The interval variables of the measured frequency were sampled by Latin hypercube sampling method.The samples of frequency were regarded as the inputs of the trained MSVR.The outputs of MSVR were the target values of design parameters.The steel structure of National Aquatic Center for Beijing Olympic Games was introduced as a case for finite element model updating.The results show that the proposed method can avoid solving the problem of complicated calculation.Both the estimated values and associated uncertainties of the structure parameters can be obtained by the method.The static and dynamic characteristics of the updated finite element model are in good agreement with the measured data.

Sequence Planning for On-Orbit Assembly of Large Space Truss Structures in a Multirobot Environment

An approach to sequence planning for on-orbit assembly of large space truss structures in a multirobot environment is presented. A hierarchical representation of large space truss structures at the structural volume element level and strut level is adopted. The representation of connectivity matrix and directed graph is respectively presented at the strut level and SVE level. The multirobot environment that consists of autonomous space robots and struts is supposed. Then the multirobot serial assembly strategy,assembly states,assembly tasks and assembly sequences are described. The assembly sequence planning algorithms at the strut level and SVE level are respectively discussed. The results of the simulations show that this approach is feasible and efficient. Two extensions of this approach include more accurate assessment of the efficiency representation and improvements in planning algorithm. In the future,the assembly sequence planning of more large space truss structures and complex multirobot environments and assembly tasks will be considered.

Analysis on the Structural Type of Large-span Steel Truss Bridge Spe­cially Designed for Cables

When the installation of cables and pipelines needs to go across rivers,bridges are usually adopted to support the cables and pipelines for crossing the rivers.The measure can make full use of the space resources and have no effect on the flow pattern of rivers.For this reason,analysis on the structural-type design of a large-span steel truss bridge specially used for cables has been performed.The numerical results indicate that the stayed-cable bridge with steel truss beam and concrete main tower has better performance and improved structural type caparisoned with that of the beam and arch bridges,and the construction of the major beam can be without the temporary support.

Equivalent continuum modeling of beam-like truss structures with flexible joints

The paper investigated the equivalent continuum modeling of beam-like repetitive truss structures considering the flexibility of joints,which models the contact between the truss member and joint by spring-damper with six directional stiffnesses and dampings.Firstly,a two-node hybrid joint-beam element was derived for modeling the truss member with flexible end joints,and a condensed model for the repeating element with flexible joints was obtained.Then,the energy equivalence method was adopted to equivalently model the truss structure with flexible joints and material damping as a spatial viscoelastic anisotropic beam model.Afterwards,the equations of motion for the equivalent beam model were derived and solved analytically in the frequency domain.In the numerical studies,the correctness of the presented method was verified by comparisons of the natural frequencies and frequency responses evaluated by the equivalent beam model with the results of the finite element method model.

Composite active control system of roof and side truss cable for large section coal roadway in fold coal pillar area

In order to solve the surrounding rock control problem of large section gangue replacement roadway under complicated conditions, this paper analyzed the impact to the roadway controlling produced by the geological conditions such as high ground stress, folded structure tilted roof asymmetry and soft wall rock, and built the tilt layered roof structural mechanics model to clarify the increase span mechanism of the weak coal instability. Then, we proposed the combined control system including roof inclined truss cable, coal-side cable-channel steel and intensive bolt support. And then by building the structural mechanics model of roof inclined truss cable system, the support principle was described. Besides, according to this model, we deduced the calculation formula of cable anchoring force and its tensile stress. Finally surrounding rock control technology of large section roadway in fold coal pillar area was formed. Field practice shows that the greatest roof convergence of gangue replacement roadway is 158 mm and coal-side deformation is 243 mm. Roadway deformation is controlled effectively and technical support is provided for replacement mining.

预应力拱形管桁架中索的位置对结构的影响分析

在大跨度空间结构中,预应力管桁架是一种常用的结构形式,由于预应力索的引入,能够最大限度优化结构内力,增大结构竖向刚度,减小支座水平推力。而索的位置是否合理,直接影响到结构整体受力的合理性以及用钢量的大小。以重庆某预应力管桁架料场大棚为例,通过在有限范围内调整索的位置,选取多个结构控制指标进行对比,研究计算结果对结构整体的影响,从而确定较为合理的索布置。分析结果表明,以反弯点处为基准,索的位置向上调整,则支座反力和挠度增大,最大杆内力也会相应变大,实际工程中,索的位置建议根据结构的外形,通过单线模型先确定反弯点高度,结合工艺的要求,在此位置上下1至2个节间范围内为宜。

Corrosion damage assessment and monitoring of large steel space structures

Large steel space structures,when exposed to a harsh corrosive environment,are inevitably subjected to atmospheric corrosion and stress corrosion cracking.This paper proposes a framework for assessing the corrosion damage of large steel space structures subjected to both stress corrosion cracking and atmospheric corrosion.The empirical model for estimating atmospheric corrosion based on measured information is briefly introduced.The proposed framework is applied to a real large steel space structure built in the southern coastal area in China to assess its corrosion damage and investigate the effects of atmospheric corrosion on stress corrosion cracking.Based on the results,the conceptual design of the corrosion monitoring system of large steel space structures is finally conducted as the first step for a real corrosion monitoring system.

西安城市展示中心长悬挑、大跨度钢结构设计

西安城市展示中心由南馆、北馆和连桥组成,其中南馆悬挑长度62m,连桥跨度150m。结合建筑方案特点,南馆与连桥采用整层钢桁架结构体系,结构布置与建筑形态高度契合。介绍了南馆、连桥、穹顶、屋面等位置的结构布置情况,明确了超限项和抗震性能目标,对于多杆件复杂交汇钢节点进行有限元分析。针对南馆、连桥屋楼盖振动舒适度不足,设计布置了调谐质量阻尼器(TMD),实测减振效果显著。对连桥提升过程进行施工模拟,结果表明该过程增加了连桥挠度,需要考虑提前起拱。对超长连体结构温度和地震行波效应进行分析,根据结果对连桥楼板配筋和局部框架柱进行了加强。大震弹塑性分析与防连续倒塌分析结果表明,结构满足“大震不倒”的性能目标,结构冗余度较高,具有良好的防连续倒塌能力。

预应力在我国大跨度结构中的应用研究综述

为了提高大跨度结构的正常使用性能,通常在混凝土结构中施加预应力.结果表明,预应力混凝土结构具有更好的使用性、耐久性和大跨度适用性,其中预应力混凝土空心板结构在不显著降低承载力和刚度的前提下明显减小结构自重,预应力型钢混凝土梁(板)结构采用较小的截面尺寸即可满足承载力和刚度的需求.开发城市地下空间是解决城市用地紧张的有效手段,我国地下大跨空间常用的结构形式主要包括密排框架(肋梁)结构、折板或拱形结构、变截面(加腋)板结构、预应力混凝土结构、型钢-混凝土组合结构和Y形柱结构6种形式,相比之下,跨度较大时宜采用预应力结构.

大跨度钢桁架结构卸载模拟及监测技术研究

以江苏省盐城黄淮湿地博物馆钢桁架结构卸载施工为背景,旨在通过有限元技术及基于多传感器融合的现场监测技术研究大跨度桁架结构卸载施工关键技术。研究结果表明:有限元计算结果能够获取卸载施工过程中的关键要素,为后续监测方案的设计提供参考。后续的监测结果表明,有限元方法对位移的计算结果可靠性要高于应力,与实际情况更加接近;基于多传感器融合的监测方法能够提高监测结果的准确性和远程监控效果,为桁架结构的安全性和可靠性提供了有力支撑。研究结果可为大跨度钢结构建筑的施工提供参考。

西安国际文化传播中心大跨斜幕墙支承结构设计

西安国际文化传播中心大跨斜幕墙支承采用竖向张弦桁架结构体系,结构造型独特新颖。对其结构选型和受力特点进行了重点介绍。采用MIDAS Gen软件建立有限元模型,进行非线性静力及抗震分析计算,同时采用ANSYS软件对考虑几何与材料双重非线性的结构整体稳定性进行了详细分析,探讨了安全系数取值等。分析结果及实际使用效果表明,幕墙支承满足正常使用的各项要求,并具有良好的抗震性能。

基于无人机及YOLOX视觉算法的大跨度钢结构吊装过程位移监测

在大跨度钢结构吊装施工过程中,节点位移及结构变形关系到吊装施工的安全和质量。对于传统接触式监测方法存在的耗时、耗力且维护费用高等问题,提出了一种以无人机为载体的非接触式监测方式。首先,针对大跨度钢结构吊装过程中无人机近距采集视角受限的问题,采用Harris图像拼接算法进行全景拼接,并与图像加权融合相结合,消除图像拼接中产生的不利光标及拼接缝,实现整体、高精度的大跨度结构图像的无缝拼接;其次,采用加入卷积块注意力机制(convolutional block attention module, CBAM)的YOLOX视觉算法解决复杂背景下不同像素面积的小目标图像识别、坐标提取和位移监测;最后,对四种不同检测模型进行对比评估,并通过对比实验室不同工况试验和实际工程验证该方法在施工环境下对大跨度钢结构测点位移监测的可行性。试验结果表明,加入CBAM注意力机制的YOLOX检测模型的平均精度及置信度均优于其他三种网络模型,且视觉识别的位移信息与Leica全站仪的误差均在亚毫米级内,满足实际工程精度的要求,实现了复杂背景下的小目标位移监测,具备较高的经济效益和广泛的应用前景。

湖北省科技新馆结构设计

湖北省科技新馆为大跨度、大悬挑的复杂高层结构。利用4个电梯井筒布置了由矩形钢管混凝土柱+钢支撑(钢板墙)组成的4个筒体巨柱,巨柱支撑着由4榀斜拉长悬臂跨层钢桁架组成的巨梁,形成新型大跨巨型钢框架结构体系。4个筒体巨柱内采用BRB+摇摆耗能墙的新型联合减震方案以减小地震作用;4榀巨梁内设置斜拉索以减小大悬挑区域的竖向变形;中庭沉浸影院采用新型的“上挂下支”的双曲面网壳结构体系,采用了内衬圆钢管的相贯焊节点保证网壳节点的刚性连接。进行了BRB+摇摆耗能墙大震下的减震分析、桁架与柱连接复杂铸钢节点的有限元分析及节点试验、3层和4层大悬挑角部的舒适度分析及人致振动实测及长悬臂结构的低周往复荷载试验。结果表明:湖北省科技新馆结构体系布置合理,各部分满足设计要求。

大跨度钢结构预应力拉索动态监测方法及应用

以河湖治理研究基地项目太湖试验厅工程大跨度空间预应力拉索钢结构为例,采用磁通量索力测试方法对结构索体索力进行了测量及动态监测,指导现场预应力张拉施工,并与预应力拉索有限元模拟索力进行对比分析,复核有限元模拟和实测索力偏差是否在可控范围内,对索力进行安全复核和预应力损失复核。该方法可适用于各种大跨度结构的索力监测。

水滴形大跨钢屋盖结构风洞试验和风振分析

自然风经过大跨结构时,由于结构屋顶形状不规则,通常会引起柔性屋面的振动,因此针对大跨屋面结构抗风设计需要考虑风压分布和风振响应。以陕西省水务集团矿泉水生产车间为工程背景,制作了1∶200的刚性模型,通过刚性模型风洞试验测得该水滴型大跨钢屋盖结构的表面风压,研究了屋盖表面典型测点及整体的风压分布规律。基于风洞试验数据,对结构进行风振时程分析,得到了屋盖表面的风振响应和风振系数。结合刚性模型风洞试验和风振分析,深入研究了水滴形大跨屋盖结构的风压分布规律和风致振动特性,并总结了其共性规律。

焊接空心球连接H型钢Z字形螺栓节点静力性能研究

提出了一种新型焊接空心球连接H型钢Z字形螺栓节点(新型螺栓节点),该节点适用于全装配大跨度弦支穹顶结构体系上部网壳连接。该节点的弦杆采用热轧H型钢,方便栓接、施工便捷、制造能耗低,可以实现部品部件到体系的标准化。为了研究新型螺栓节点的静力性能,对该节点进行了轴压、轴拉、纯弯和压弯荷载工况下的有限元分析,研究了该节点在不同荷载工况下的破坏模式、承载力、刚度、延性等力学性能指标,对比分析了新型螺栓节点与焊接空心球连接H型钢焊接节点(焊接节点)的破坏模式和静力性能。研究表明,在轴压和压弯荷载下新型螺栓节点和焊接节点的极限破坏模式均为H型钢弦杆局部屈曲和屈服,在轴拉荷载下新型螺栓节点和焊接节点的极限破坏模式均为H型钢弦杆全截面屈服,在纯弯荷载下新型螺栓节点和焊接节点的极限破坏模式均为H型钢弦杆局部屈曲。新型螺栓节点可以实现塑性铰远离焊缝和拼接区,符合“强连接,弱杆件”的设计要求。

四塔支承超大直径圆环复杂结构设计

上海临港新片区新建一幢地标建筑,该建筑为四幢46.8 m高的塔楼支承一个直径150 m、高度8.6 m的超大直径圆环,结构复杂。结构主要特点是超大直径圆环内侧采用倒三角形空间桁架、楼面梁采用变截面悬挑钢梁,四幢塔楼采用钢框架-屈曲约束支撑-屈曲约束钢板墙结构体系,超大直径圆环和四幢支承塔楼之间采用一个对角铰接、另一个对角滑动支座加黏滞阻尼器的连接方式。由于建筑师的要求,超大直径圆环横截面为外侧开口的C形截面,如何克服圆环外侧开口带来的扭转作用是设计难点。主要进行了支承塔楼的结构设计和计算分析,超大直径圆环的结构选型和抗扭性能研究,圆环和支承塔楼连接设计,支承塔楼和圆环组成的整体结构计算分析,整体结构大震下弹塑性时程分析。设计和研究成果可为圆环结构、多个塔楼共同支承一个上部结构等类似工程设计提供借鉴。

襄阳东站钢屋盖超多杆连接节点设计与足尺模型试验研究

襄阳东站屋盖南北向长358m,东西向最大跨度86m,采用焊接球钢网架,整体不设变形缝,南端开设瀑布造型大洞口,由于屋盖结构超长、不连续、大悬挑及瀑布造型使得钢屋盖空间受力十分复杂,特在分叉柱柱顶沿南北向设置加强杆以加强屋盖瀑布区洞口两侧边缘约束刚度及改善结构整体受力性能。钢屋盖瀑布区悬挑端分叉柱柱顶节点相连杆件达12根之多,该节点作为屋盖结构的关键节点,其受力状态尤为复杂,创新地采用了半铸造半相贯焊连接形式并采取了构造加强措施,针对该超多杆连接节点进行了足尺模型加载试验验证,详细介绍了试验加载装置、加载方案、试验现象及试验结果,并进行了有限元对比分析。结果表明有限元对比分析结果与加载试验吻合较好;该超多杆半铸造半相贯焊连接节点构造合理、承载力高,薄弱部位出现在与铸造本体相连的接长钢管上,满足强节点弱构件、强连接弱构件的设计要求。

大跨度钢结构多点吊装实时结构监测

在大跨度钢结构的吊装施工过程中,易发生工程事故。而传统的监测方法适用范围小,难以协调监测和控制施工,会导致出现许多问题,基于此,建立大跨度钢结构多点吊装结构监测方法。通过采集监测数据,实时输出大跨度钢度结构的挠度、应力、应变、风力和温度等,实现实时监测,确保吊装过程的安全。试验结果表明,对大跨度钢结构进行复合监测可以实现实时监测,且已知最大变形均发生在大跨度钢结构的中线处;人工检测与实时结构监测系统误差范围较小,平均值为2.1%。

大跨扶梯钢桁架结构现场加载试验与分析

某商场自动扶梯大跨度钢桁架结构需要检测其在正常使用极限状态下的挠度与应力,该钢桁架水平跨度47.9 m,仅在两端设有支座,整体悬空且最高处离地面35 m。现场难以采用直接堆载方式加载,故提出一种空间加载系统。在桁架节点处悬挂精轧螺纹钢筋,以地下室楼板作为反力装置,利用千斤顶完成加载。首先对加载系统进行承载力、整体稳定及局部稳定验算,采用SAP2000有限元软件对地下室梁板结构进行验算,发现竖向拉力会导致原结构梁板开裂,因此选择在板上堆载的方式以减少拉力对原结构的影响。现场试验结果表明,该加载系统对原地下室梁板结构未造成损害,钢桁架实测挠度和应力情况与原结构设计计算相符。