Using the dataset provided by the Smithsonian Institution＇s Global Volcanism Program, we have extracted the large volcanic eruptions（volcanic explosivity index ≥ 4） from the period 1750–2010 and have then analyze...Using the dataset provided by the Smithsonian Institution＇s Global Volcanism Program, we have extracted the large volcanic eruptions（volcanic explosivity index ≥ 4） from the period 1750–2010 and have then analyzed the main characteristics of large volcanic eruptions since 1750 according to their geographic latitudes, their elevations, and the years and months in which they occurred. The results show that most large volcanic eruptions were located around the margins of the Pacific Ocean and the islands of Sumatra and Java, especially in the equatorial regions（10°N–10°S）. Large volcanic eruptions were concentrated at 1000–2000 m elevations and in the months of January and April. There were more eruptions in the summer half-year（from April to September） than in the winter half-year（from October to the next March）. Large volcanic eruptions have interdecadal fluctuations, including cycles of 15–25 years and 35–50 years, which were detected by Morlet wavelet analysis, with the fluctuations being more frequent after 1870 than before. During the periods 1750–1760, 1776–1795, 1811–1830, 1871–1890, 1911–1920 and 1981–1995, there were relatively many large volcanic eruptions.展开更多
This paper introduces the establishment of deep underground infrastructure for science and engineering research.First,the representative deep underground research laboratories and facilities in the world and their fun...This paper introduces the establishment of deep underground infrastructure for science and engineering research.First,the representative deep underground research laboratories and facilities in the world and their functions were summarized and reviewed.Then,the plan and service target of China Yulong Lake Laboratory were proposed for the storage of resources and energy,as well as the sealing of hazardous waste in deep underground space.On this basis,this paper reveals how the facility addresses its key scientific issue on“The law of fluid matter migration in deep underground space”and engineering significance.Finally,the construction progress of the facility components was demonstrated in details.As is hoped,this paper would provide useful reference to the deep underground research community;meanwhile,international collaboration on deep underground research is highly welcome.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41430528 Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA05080100+1 种基金 China Global Change Research Program,No.2010CB950100 Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change
文摘Using the dataset provided by the Smithsonian Institution＇s Global Volcanism Program, we have extracted the large volcanic eruptions（volcanic explosivity index ≥ 4） from the period 1750–2010 and have then analyzed the main characteristics of large volcanic eruptions since 1750 according to their geographic latitudes, their elevations, and the years and months in which they occurred. The results show that most large volcanic eruptions were located around the margins of the Pacific Ocean and the islands of Sumatra and Java, especially in the equatorial regions（10°N–10°S）. Large volcanic eruptions were concentrated at 1000–2000 m elevations and in the months of January and April. There were more eruptions in the summer half-year（from April to September） than in the winter half-year（from October to the next March）. Large volcanic eruptions have interdecadal fluctuations, including cycles of 15–25 years and 35–50 years, which were detected by Morlet wavelet analysis, with the fluctuations being more frequent after 1870 than before. During the periods 1750–1760, 1776–1795, 1811–1830, 1871–1890, 1911–1920 and 1981–1995, there were relatively many large volcanic eruptions.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:2022QN1032。
文摘This paper introduces the establishment of deep underground infrastructure for science and engineering research.First,the representative deep underground research laboratories and facilities in the world and their functions were summarized and reviewed.Then,the plan and service target of China Yulong Lake Laboratory were proposed for the storage of resources and energy,as well as the sealing of hazardous waste in deep underground space.On this basis,this paper reveals how the facility addresses its key scientific issue on“The law of fluid matter migration in deep underground space”and engineering significance.Finally,the construction progress of the facility components was demonstrated in details.As is hoped,this paper would provide useful reference to the deep underground research community;meanwhile,international collaboration on deep underground research is highly welcome.
