In this paper, five national meteorological stations in Anhui province are taken as typical examples to explore the effects of local urbanization on their thermal environment by using Landsat data from 1990 to 2010. S...In this paper, five national meteorological stations in Anhui province are taken as typical examples to explore the effects of local urbanization on their thermal environment by using Landsat data from 1990 to 2010. Satellite-based land use/land cover(LULC), land surface temperature(LST), normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) are used to investigate the effects. The study shows that LULC around meteorological stations changed significantly due to urban expansion. Fast urbanization is the main factor that affects the spatial-temporal distribution of thermal environment around meteorological stations. Moreover, the normalized LST and NDVI exhibit strong inverse correlations around meteorological stations, so the variability of LST can be monitored through evaluating the variability of NDVI. In addition, station-relocation plays an important role in improving representativeness of thermal environment. Notably, the environment representativeness was improved, but when using the data from the station to study climate change, the relocation-induced inhomogeneous data should be considered and adjusted. Consequently,controlling the scale and layout of the urban buildings and constructions around meteorological stations is an effective method to ameliorate observational thermal environment and to improve regional representativeness of station observation. The present work provides observational evidences that high resolution Landsat images can be used to evaluate the thermal environment of meteorological stations.展开更多
In the majority of rice producing countries, much of the husk produced from the processing of rice is either burnt or dumped as waste. Rice husks are one of the largest readily available but most under-utilized biomas...In the majority of rice producing countries, much of the husk produced from the processing of rice is either burnt or dumped as waste. Rice husks are one of the largest readily available but most under-utilized biomass resources, being an ideal fuel for electricity generation. In this communication the author reported the X-ray diffraction studies on rice husk ash (RHA) concrete samples heated at 300℃ and 1000℃ which were compared and observed that at 300℃ the inner surface of the specimen shows an extra compound. Copper Iron Lead Telluride Cu3FePbTe4 along with SiO2, Al5Fe2ZnO4 was present on the surface which also and might be responsible for imparting additional strength to 7.5% RHA concrete at 300℃. The X-ray diffraction studies of samples exposed to 1000℃ on temperature showed that the additional chemical compounds formed at lower temperatures were not found at 1000℃ at outer and inner surfaces of the sample indicating its possible reason for exhibiting poor strengths for all specimens. The outer surface of the 1000℃ heated specimen showed a compound named dichloroglyoxime C2H2Cl2N2O2 along with SiO2 but the inner surface of the same sample showed SiO2 alone.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41205126 and 41475085)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(1408085MKL60 and1508085MD64)Meteorological Research Fund of Anhui Meteorological Bureau(KM201520)
文摘In this paper, five national meteorological stations in Anhui province are taken as typical examples to explore the effects of local urbanization on their thermal environment by using Landsat data from 1990 to 2010. Satellite-based land use/land cover(LULC), land surface temperature(LST), normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) are used to investigate the effects. The study shows that LULC around meteorological stations changed significantly due to urban expansion. Fast urbanization is the main factor that affects the spatial-temporal distribution of thermal environment around meteorological stations. Moreover, the normalized LST and NDVI exhibit strong inverse correlations around meteorological stations, so the variability of LST can be monitored through evaluating the variability of NDVI. In addition, station-relocation plays an important role in improving representativeness of thermal environment. Notably, the environment representativeness was improved, but when using the data from the station to study climate change, the relocation-induced inhomogeneous data should be considered and adjusted. Consequently,controlling the scale and layout of the urban buildings and constructions around meteorological stations is an effective method to ameliorate observational thermal environment and to improve regional representativeness of station observation. The present work provides observational evidences that high resolution Landsat images can be used to evaluate the thermal environment of meteorological stations.
文摘In the majority of rice producing countries, much of the husk produced from the processing of rice is either burnt or dumped as waste. Rice husks are one of the largest readily available but most under-utilized biomass resources, being an ideal fuel for electricity generation. In this communication the author reported the X-ray diffraction studies on rice husk ash (RHA) concrete samples heated at 300℃ and 1000℃ which were compared and observed that at 300℃ the inner surface of the specimen shows an extra compound. Copper Iron Lead Telluride Cu3FePbTe4 along with SiO2, Al5Fe2ZnO4 was present on the surface which also and might be responsible for imparting additional strength to 7.5% RHA concrete at 300℃. The X-ray diffraction studies of samples exposed to 1000℃ on temperature showed that the additional chemical compounds formed at lower temperatures were not found at 1000℃ at outer and inner surfaces of the sample indicating its possible reason for exhibiting poor strengths for all specimens. The outer surface of the 1000℃ heated specimen showed a compound named dichloroglyoxime C2H2Cl2N2O2 along with SiO2 but the inner surface of the same sample showed SiO2 alone.
