A Novel Method of Testing Aspherical Surface

A set-up based on a special shadow method, pinhole method, was made and some experiments were done. The results show that this novel method is simple, easy to operate,and suitable for testing large aspherical surfaces quantitatively.

Characteristics of Laser-Induced Surface and Bulk Damage of Large-Aperture Deuterated Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate at 351 nm

Deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate damage performance at 351 nm is studied on a large-aperture laser system. Bulk and rear-surface damage are initiated under the 3ω fluences of 6.T J/cm2 and 33/cm2, and show different growth characteristics under multiple laser irradiations with the fluence of 6 J/cm2. The size and number of bulk damage keep unchanged once initiated. However, surface damage size also does not grow, while surface damage number increases linearly with laser shots. Different damage thresholds and growth behaviors suggest different formations of bulk and surface damage precursors. The cause of surface damage is supposed to be near-surface absorbing particles buried under the sol-gel coating.

Designing of Quasi-universal Compensator for Testing Aspherical Surface

According to the theory of testing aspherical surface by normal aberration compensation method,the designing method of quasi-universal compensator is studied.On the basis of third-order aberration theory,after calculating and optimizing with an optical design program,the structure parameters of a compensator are obtained.This new compensator could be used in Twyman-Green interferometer,and in measurement of a certain range of paraboloid ellipsoid and hyperboloid.The compensation accuracy is more than 0.02 λ .

Asphericity in the Fermi Surface and Fermi Energy of Na-K, Na-Rb and Na-Cs Binary Alloys

Detailed theoretical investigations into asphericity in the Fermi surface (FS) and Fermi energy (FE) ofNa1_xKx, Na1_xRbx, and Na1_xCsx binary solid solutions are carried out for the first time. The alloying behavior ofthe K, Rb, and Cs with the Na generates the Fermi surface distortion (FSD) of bce simple metals. The FS of Na-K,Na-Rb, and Na-Cs solid solution is a distorted sphere with the largest deviation along [110]. We have found that theimpact of local-field correction function on FSD is maximun at [100] point and minimum at [111] point. The exchangeand correlation effect is found to suppress the value of FE.

SOFTWARE-CONTROLLED SYSTEM OF ULTRA-PRECISION MACHINING AXISYMMETRIC ASPHERIC MIRROR

In order to improve machining accuracy and efficiency, a software-controlled system of ultra-precision machining for axisymmetric aspheric mirror, using techniques of error compensation, remote transmission and modularization, is designed based on industrial PC, Windows 2000 work platform and Visual Basic 6.0. By experiments, this system realizes functions of ultra-precision machining, machining error compensation, remote data transmission and automatic data transformation among first machining, compensation machining and accuracy measurement. The actual application shows that error compensation improves machining accuracy, remote transmission improves machining efficiency while modularization avoids repeated work and improves design efficiency. Therefore, the system has met ultra-precision machining need for aspheric mirror.

A New Locus Shaping Method of Quadric Aspheric Parts

The original idea and shaping principle of locus shaping method for processing the aspheric optical parts are introduced, and the partial structure of the machine tool designed is described. The method has the advantage of high efficiency and low cost compared to the numerical control method. And it is proven that the method is feasible.

Research on Large Depth Diameter Ratio Ultra-precision Aspheric Grinding System

In this paper, the factors of affecting surface roughness and profiles accuracy of the machined larege depth diamter ratio aspheric surfaces in ultra-precision grinding process are analyzed theoretically. An ultra-precision aspheric grinding system is then designed and manufactured. Aerostatic form is adopted to build the spindle of the workpiece, transverse guideway, longitudinal guideway and the spindle of the grinder in this system. The following specification is achieved, such as the turning accuracy of the spindle of the workpiece is 0.05 μm, radial rigidity of the spindle is GE 220N/μm, axial rigidity is GE 160 N/μm, radial rigidity of the guideway is GE 200N/μm, the highest rotational speed of the grinder is 80 000 rev/min and its turning accuracy is 0.1 μm, the resolution of linear displacement of the transverse and longitudinal guideway is 4.9 nm. Adjusting range of this adjusting mechanism is 2 mm in the Y direction, the adjusting accuracy of the precise adjusting mechanism is 0.1 μm. Micro displacement measuring system of this ultra-precision aspheric grinding adopts two-backfeed strategy, and angle displacement back-feed is realized by photoelectric encoder, it’s resolution is 655 360 pulse/rev. after 4 frequency multiplication, it’s angle displacement resolution is achieved 2 621 440 pulse/rev. Straight-line displacement is monitored by single frequency laser interferometer (DLSTAX LTM-20B, made in Japan). This CNC system adopts inimitable bi-arc step length flex CN interpolation algorithm, it’s CN system resolution is 5 nm.So this aspheric grinding system ensures profile accuracy of the machined part. The resolution of this interferometer is 5 nm. Finally, lots of ultra-precision grinding experiments are carried out on this grinding system. Some optical aspheric parts, with profiles accuracy of 0.3 μm, surface roughness less than 0.01 μm, are obtained.

Sensor-Based Inspection of the Formation Accuracy in Ultra-Precision Grinding （UPG） of Aspheric Surface Considering the Chatter Vibration

This paper proposes an experimental approach for monitoring and inspection of the formation accuracy in ultra-precision grinding （UPG） with respect to the chatter vibration. Two factors related to the grinding progress, the grinding speed of grinding wheel and spindle, and the oil pressure of the hydrostatic bearing are taken into account to determining the accuracy. In the meantime, a mathematical model of the radius deviation caused by the micro vibration is also established and applied in the experiments. The results show that the accuracy is sensitive to the vibration and the forming accuracy is much improved with proper processing parameters. It is found that the accuracy of aspheric surface can be less than 4 μm when the grinding speed is 1400r/min and the wheel speed is 100 r/min with the oil pressure being 1.1 MPa.

Measurement techniques for aspheric surface parameters

Aspheric surfaces are widely used in advanced optical instruments.Measuring the aspheric surface parameters(ASPs)with high accuracy is vital for manufacturing and aligning optical aspheric surfaces.This paper provides a review of various techniques for measuring ASPs and discusses the advantages/disadvantages of these approaches.The aim of this review is to contribute to advancements in the fabrication and testing of aspheric optical elements and their practical applications in diverse fields.

红外成像系统异形非球面优化及冷反射分析

在设计红外系统的过程中,通常使用偶次非球面来提高系统性能。通过设计软件的优化功能可以快速找出最佳的非球面,但是这些非球面很可能会出现震荡面型。为了消除红外成像镜头中的异形非球面和降低系统的冷反射现象,先从定义角度解析了冷反射现象的评价参数。结合冷反射光迹图,确定冷反射评价参数依然适用于非球面的冷反射控制。又从矢高角度,控制从非球面透镜中心至边缘矢高值的单调性以及符号的一致性来消除异形非球面。设计了一款中波红外成像镜头,其初始设计结构中出现了异形非球面。利用控制矢高值的方法和冷反射抑制方案对异形非球面进行控制。优化后的红外成像系统没有异形非球面,经透镜各表面反射后返回探测器的冷反射能量覆盖整个探测器像面,说明此优化方案适用于含有异形非球面的红外系统且更加直观。

高洁净度超光滑非球面的自动化干涉检测方法

为了实现应用于高能激光等领域对表面洁净度有着极高要求的超光滑非球面检测,排除检测人员带来的洁净度与空气扰动的影响,研究了高洁净度超光滑非球面的自动化干涉检测方法。通过建立补偿干涉法非球面失调量与波前像差之间的灵敏度矩阵,实现利用波前像差求解被测非球面失调量。以理想干涉系统的离焦、彗差与像散为优化目标,进行反馈控制,实现被测非球面的自动化调整,进而实现高洁净度超光滑非球面的自动化干涉检测。实验结果表明,在干涉图可测范围内,利用灵敏度矩阵通过几步迭代即可实现非球面失调量的收敛。结合Stewart六自由度调整台,分别实现2μm精度的平移误差调整、2"精度的光轴自动化对准,最终完成被测非球面的精密调整,实现高洁净度超光滑非球面的自动化干涉检测。采用灵敏度矩阵与六自由度调整的非球面自动化干涉检测方法可实现被测非球面失调量的快速求解与自动调整,降低人员和环境带来的扰动影响,提高了非球面的检测速度,并实现了高洁净度超光滑非球面的自动化干涉检测。

非球面光学元件的快速制造技术

为满足光学行业的市场需求,非球面光学元件的快速制造技术是实现低成本、批量化、高精度生产的最佳解决方案之一。本文主要介绍了非球面光学元件的快速制造技术,包括精密光学玻璃模压成型技术和精密光学塑料注射成型技术,并对两种技术与其他非球面光学元件的制造技术进行了对比,阐述了模具材料种类、模具加工方法、成型材料、成型过程等内容。最后总结了近年来非球面光学元件的快速制造技术的发展现状,并对未来发展进行了展望。

凹非球面的非零位干涉检测技术

为了实现凹非球面的快速、高精度与通用化检测,文中提出了一种将非球面当做球面,直接采用干涉仪检测的非零位干涉检测方法,并结合相应的数据处理方法,获得非球面的面形误差检测结果。首先,介绍了该方法的检测原理,建立了回程误差、调整误差的计算与去除模型,研究了面形误差的数据处理方法。然后,以两个不同非球面度的凹非球面为例,对其回程误差和调整误差进行了仿真计算,验证了该方法的有效性。最后,搭建了凹非球面的非零位检测实验装置,成功测量得到其面形误差。通过与自准直零位检测法或LUPHOScan轮廓测量法检测结果对比发现,两种方法测量得到的面形分布和评价指标具有高度一致性,验证了该检测方法的正确性。该检测方法在保证高精度测量的同时兼备一定的通用性与便捷性,为凹非球面的通用化检测提供了一种有效手段。

一次性硬膜外腔内窥镜光学系统设计

为了获得硬膜外腔的大视场清晰影像,利用Q-type非球面设计了工作波段为可见光,视场角为90°,F数为4,接收器为0.14 cm(1/18 inch)CMOS传感器的一次性硬膜外腔内窥镜光学系统。系统由3片塑料透镜和1片盖玻片组成,其中第3片透镜采用Q-type非球面,结构简单、紧凑、成本低。像质评价结果表明:在奈奎斯特频率200 lp/mm处各视场的调制传递函数均大于0.27,接近衍射极限;各视场均方根半径都小于像元尺寸2.5μm,均在艾里斑范围内;最大剩余畸变小于20%,满足高像质要求。最后,对系统的鬼像进行了分析与规避,结果表明,光瞳鬼像形成的光斑能量弥散,对像面照度均匀性影响较小;焦点鬼像形成的光斑尺寸远大于主像点列图,对成像质量影响较小,满足成像要求。

基于反射式空间光调制器的非球面面形干涉检测方法设计

目前光学系统中非球面数量多,针对各个非球面单独做补偿器检测面形加工成本高、通用性不好、加工难度大,为解决对多个参数不同的非球面需要不同的补偿器的问题,提出了一种基于空间光调制器(spatial light modulator,SLM)作为补偿器的干涉面形检测方法,该干涉检测法采用反射式空间光调制器作为零位补偿器,结合偏振分光镜和波片建立检测光路,可以实现对非球面面形误差的测量。通过在ZEMAX上模拟一个两表面皆为凹非球面的场镜的检测光路,对该干涉检测方法进行了验证,并在MATLAB中仿真分析了SLM的波前调制误差。仿真结果表明,该方法可以实现对不同非球面面形的检测,设计光路中的波前调制精度可达0.0083λ。

基于Q型非球面的全景环带红外光学系统设计

全景环带光学系统凭借周视范围实时成像的特点已在超大视场光学领域中得到了广泛应用。传统的全景环带光学系统将折射、反射面集成在一片块状透镜中,光线在其内部进行多次折、反射导致头部单元体积较大,同时红外透镜材料密度大、折射率温度稳定性差等特点也与光学遥感器轻量化、可靠性高的应用需求相矛盾。文章基于像差理论,讨论了全景环带两反射镜红外光学系统头部单元初始结构设计方法,将Q型(Q-Type多项式)非球面引入全景头部单元增加优化变量,用偏离因子因子k_(RMS)数值表征非球面加工难度,设计了以两反射镜为头部单元的全景环带红外光学系统。该系统在奈奎斯特频率(20线对/mm)处调制传递函数优于0.5;全视场像元(25μm×25μm区域内)能量集中度优于65%,像质评价结果表明其成像品质良好。该设计在缩小系统体积、提高光学设计优化效率方面有很大的改进,满足超大视场实时成像的应用需求。

基于六阶波像差理论的非球面大孔径折反射成像系统像差优化方法

大孔径折反射成像系统被广泛应用于机器人导航和安全监控等领域。首先分析了超大视场光学系统六阶波像差理论应用于非球面光学系统的像差计算方法,随后基于该六阶波像差理论,构建了非球面大孔径折反射成像系统像差优化评价目标函数,并给出了求解这种包含多个光学参量的目标函数的优化算法,得到优化后的系统结构参数。最后,应用所提方法设计了一款工作波段为400~700 nm、最大视场角为120°、 F数为2.6且成像质量较好的光学系统。设计案例的结果表明所提出方法是有效的,为非球面大孔径折反射成像系统像差优化提供了一种有效手段。

格上可撤销的基于身份的加密算法研究

格上可撤销的基于身份的加密算法(RIBE)不仅能有效地解决实际生活中用户密钥撤销或更新的问题,还能抵抗量子算法攻击,吸引了众多密码学研究者的兴趣。文章通过运用基于近似陷门的非球面高斯采样技术,对RIBE方案中的系统公钥、用户私钥和更新密钥等生成算法进行改进,以缩减密钥尺寸,从而提高方案的空间效率。文章通过对同一水平下的解密错误率与原方案进行比较,可以观察到本方案的主公钥、主私钥、用户私钥、更新密钥和解密密钥的存储空间相较于原方案得到了一定的缩减。特别地,对于不同的安全级别,在保持同一解密错误率前提下,该方案的MPK尺寸缩减了32.29%~41.93%,MSK尺寸缩减了31.25%~38.70%,用户私钥及解密密钥尺寸缩减了59.13%~69.95%,密文尺寸缩减了32.27%~41.91%。

高次凸非球面补偿检验方法研究

高次凸非球面镜是光学系统中至关重要的元件,通常作为次镜来补偿光学系统的轴外像差,但其检验方法一直是一大难点。基于背向零位检测方法,提出利用三透镜与单折射面组合的形式来补偿高次非球面的法线像差。首先选取高次非球面的二次比较面来简化计算,基于三级像差理论求解系统的初始结构,对高次非球面的法线像差进行补偿,使用ZEMAX软件仿真与优化后,设计结果完全满足要求。随后结合一块有效通光口径为170 mm、顶点曲率半径为266.8 mm的高次凸非球面反射镜,测得镜面的面形精度均方根为0.019λ(λ=632.8 nm),满足实际检测要求,验证了所提设计方法的可行性。此方法为大口径高次凸非球面的检验提供了一个新的思路。