Cluster munitions release dozens of smaller bomblets that rain deadly ammunition on armored tanks, vegetation and troops, effectively striking broad areas of war zone landscapes in one launch. However, only about 60% ...Cluster munitions release dozens of smaller bomblets that rain deadly ammunition on armored tanks, vegetation and troops, effectively striking broad areas of war zone landscapes in one launch. However, only about 60% of bomblets detonate immediately and those that fail to detonate fall to the ground and can lie dormant for years. The legacy of cluster munitions in Laos from the Second Indochina War is unexploded bomblets across the landscape that unexpectedly detonate years later, injuring and killing children, farmers, and other civilians long after the war is over. In Laos, the United States (US) military operation against the Ho Chi Minh Trail, a network of foot and bicycle paths, waterways, and truck routes along the Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam borders linking North and South Vietnam began in 1959. By the 1960s, as the war escalated, trail traffic was interdicted frequently by CIA and US Air Force using tactical herbicide spraying to defoliate dense vegetation and bombing to disrupt supplies and North Vietnamese troops dispersed along the 16,000-kilometer trail. Unexploded ordinance (UXO), including cluster munitions, from U.S. bombings continued in recent years to detonate, kill, maim and injure Laotians and render agricultural lands too hazardous to cultivate. The primary objectives of this study are to document: 1) the long-term consequences and impacts of the US Air Force bombing of Laos during the Second Indochina War (1959 to 1973);2) the United States removal of unexploded ordnance and cluster munitions;and 3) worldwide relief efforts to help the Laotians maimed by unexploded ordnance and cluster munitions.展开更多
This article uses nonlinear dynamics analysis software AUTODYN-2D to establish an interior ballistic model of cen- tral blast tube cluster munitions dispersion. The interior ballistic process of the central blast tube...This article uses nonlinear dynamics analysis software AUTODYN-2D to establish an interior ballistic model of cen- tral blast tube cluster munitions dispersion. The interior ballistic process of the central blast tube duster munitions dispersion was simulated. The state of submunitions dispersion was obtained as interior ballistic conditions changed. The effect of shell stress groove on shell opening was discussed. The shell with stree groove is helpful for submunitions dispensing effectively and uniformly. The effect of liner material on submunitions dispersing was discussed. It can be found that foam liner can reduce the interior ballistic pressure, increase the pressure action time, reduce the acceleration of the submunitions and increase the sub- munitions dispersing velocity. These results provide some reference for the theory and experiment research of the central blast tube cluster munitions dispersion.展开更多
文摘Cluster munitions release dozens of smaller bomblets that rain deadly ammunition on armored tanks, vegetation and troops, effectively striking broad areas of war zone landscapes in one launch. However, only about 60% of bomblets detonate immediately and those that fail to detonate fall to the ground and can lie dormant for years. The legacy of cluster munitions in Laos from the Second Indochina War is unexploded bomblets across the landscape that unexpectedly detonate years later, injuring and killing children, farmers, and other civilians long after the war is over. In Laos, the United States (US) military operation against the Ho Chi Minh Trail, a network of foot and bicycle paths, waterways, and truck routes along the Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam borders linking North and South Vietnam began in 1959. By the 1960s, as the war escalated, trail traffic was interdicted frequently by CIA and US Air Force using tactical herbicide spraying to defoliate dense vegetation and bombing to disrupt supplies and North Vietnamese troops dispersed along the 16,000-kilometer trail. Unexploded ordinance (UXO), including cluster munitions, from U.S. bombings continued in recent years to detonate, kill, maim and injure Laotians and render agricultural lands too hazardous to cultivate. The primary objectives of this study are to document: 1) the long-term consequences and impacts of the US Air Force bombing of Laos during the Second Indochina War (1959 to 1973);2) the United States removal of unexploded ordnance and cluster munitions;and 3) worldwide relief efforts to help the Laotians maimed by unexploded ordnance and cluster munitions.
文摘This article uses nonlinear dynamics analysis software AUTODYN-2D to establish an interior ballistic model of cen- tral blast tube cluster munitions dispersion. The interior ballistic process of the central blast tube duster munitions dispersion was simulated. The state of submunitions dispersion was obtained as interior ballistic conditions changed. The effect of shell stress groove on shell opening was discussed. The shell with stree groove is helpful for submunitions dispensing effectively and uniformly. The effect of liner material on submunitions dispersing was discussed. It can be found that foam liner can reduce the interior ballistic pressure, increase the pressure action time, reduce the acceleration of the submunitions and increase the sub- munitions dispersing velocity. These results provide some reference for the theory and experiment research of the central blast tube cluster munitions dispersion.
