Vibration and noise mechanism of a 110 kV transformer under DC bias based on finite element method

Global energy and environmental issues are becoming increasingly problematic,and the vibration and noise problem of 110 kV transformers,which are the most widely distributed,have attracted widespread attention from both inside and outside the industry.DC bias is one of the main contributing factors to vibration noise during the normal operation of transformers.To clarify the vibration and noise mechanism of a 110 kV transformer under a DC bias,a multi-field coupling model of a 110 kV transformer was established using the finite element method.The electromagnetic,vibration,and noise characteristics during the DC bias process were compared and quantified through field circuit coupling in parallel with the power frequency of AC,harmonic,and DC power sources.It was found that a DC bias can cause significant distortions in the magnetic flux density,force,and displacement distributions of the core and winding.The contributions of the DC bias effect to the core and winding are different at Kdc=0.85.At this point,the core approached saturation,and the increase in the core force and displacement slowed.However,the saturation of the core increased the leakage flux,and the stress and displacement of the winding increased faster.The sound field distribution characteristics of the 110 kV transformer under a DC bias are related to the force characteristics.When the DC bias coefficient was 1.25,the noise sound pressure level reached 73.6 dB.

Transient characteristics verification method for DC transformer used in flexible HVDC system

Previous studies have proposed higher requirements for the transient characteristics of a DC transformer used in a flexible high-voltage direct current(HVDC) system to achieve faster sampling speed and meet wider bandwidth requirements of the control and protection signal, and to eventually suppress the large transient fault current. In this study, a transient characteristics verification method is proposed for transient characteristics verification of a DC transformer used in a flexible HVDC system based on resampling technology and LabVIEW measurement technology after analyzing the key technology for transient characteristics verification of a DC transformer. A laboratory experiment for the transient characteristics of a full-fiber electronic DC transformer is conducted, and experimental results show that such verification method can be employed for frequency response and step response verification of a DC transformer at 10% of the rated voltage and current, and can eventually improve the screening of a DC transformer.

Research on power electronic transformer applied in AC/DC hybrid distribution networks

The AC/DC hybrid distribution network is one of the trends in distribution network development, which poses great challenges to the traditional distribution transformer. In this paper, a new topology suitable for AC/DC hybrid distribution network is put forward according to the demands of power grid, with advantages of accepting DG and DC loads, while clearing DC fault by blocking the clamping double sub-module(CDSM) of input stage. Then, this paper shows the typical structure of AC/DC distribution network that is hand in hand. Based on the new topology, this paper designs the control and modulation strategies of each stage, where the outer loop controller of input stage is emphasized for its twocontrol mode. At last, the rationality of new topology and the validity of control strategies are verified by the steady and dynamic state simulation. At the same time, the simulation results highlight the role of PET in energy regulation.

High Frequency Transformers for DC/DC Converter Used in Solar PV System

This paper presents and investigates planar and coaxial high frequency power transformers used for DC/DC converters in a three phase photo voltaic （PV） power systems. The winding structure including a Faraday shield between the primary and secondary windings is designed to minimize eddy current losses, skin and proximity effects, and to reduce the leakage inductance, and the inter winding coupling capacitance. Finite Element Method is employed to analyze the magnetic flux and eddy current distributions. The two different kinds of prototype high frequency transformers are designed and tested. The simulation and experiment results are demonstrated and compared with non-shielded transformers. The shielded transformers have achieved the expected results with a relatively small coupling capacitance, compared with the conventional high frequency transformer. This shield decreases the inter-winding coupling capacitance Cps. The topology of this shield has to be such that it acts as a Faraday screen while avoiding eddy current generation.

固态变压器中隔离双向DC/DC变换器扩展移相下虚拟电流控制策略

该文以固态变压器后级隔离双向DC/DC变换器为重点研究对象,提出一种扩展移相下虚拟电流控制策略。通过分析后级变换器在扩展移相传输功率下相移量关系以获得最小电流应力最优解来提高变换器的传输效率,减少器件损耗。同时通过虚拟电流控制思想在线估算传输功率来提高系统动态响应性能,减少电流传感器使用。最后,对该文所提出的扩展移相下虚拟电流控制与扩展移相控制进行实验对比分析,验证了扩展移相下虚拟电流控制策略具有降低电流应力,显著提高变换器的动态响应的优点。

A Protection Method of VSC-HVDC Cables Based on Generalized S-Transform

Generalized S-transform is a time-frequency analysis method which has higher resolution than S-transform. It can precisely extract the time-amplitude characteristics of different frequency components in the signal. In this paper, a novel protection method for VSC-HVDC (Voltage source converter based high voltage DC) based on Generalized S-transform is proposed. Firstly, extracting frequency component of fault current by Generalized S-transform and using mutation point of high frequency to determine the fault time. Secondly, using the zero-frequency component of fault current to eliminate disturbances. Finally, the polarity of sudden change currents in the two terminals is employed to discriminate the internal and external faults. Simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLAB show that the proposed method can distinguish faults accurately and effectively.

Analysis of Non-Sinusoidal Steady Electric Field of ±500 kV Converter Transformer

The line side winding is under the fundamental frequency AC voltage, while the valve side winding contains not only fundamental AC voltage component, but also the DC voltage component, fundamental AC voltage component, and higher harmonic voltage components when the converter transformer is at its normal operating condition, and the electric field of converter transformer is a non-sinusoidal steady one. To analyze the non-sinusoidal steady electric field containing the DC component, fundamental AC and higher harmonic components, the voltage spectrum of the valve winding in a ±500 kV converter transformer is firstly analyzed, and the non-sinusoidal periodic steady electric field is obtained by the fast discrete Fourier transform. Different resistivity of the oil and oil-immersed paper is adopted to simulate the aging of oil paper insulation at operation, and get the non-sinusoidal steady electric field.

基于3525驱动板的推挽式非隔离型变压器DC-DC升压设计

设计了一种非隔离型推挽式变压器DC-DC升压方式,给出了推挽式升压主要电路模块参数的设计方法,其中包括尖峰吸收电路、MOS管外围电路、变压器以及整流桥。通过3525驱动板实现变压器输出电压非隔离反馈调节与MOS管驱动。通过设计发现在推挽式升压中:RC尖峰吸收电路,RC参数值与电路寄生电容电感、MOS管结电容以及电路整体谐振有关,并当电阻值固定时,电容越大尖峰吸收效果越好;MOS管需用NPN型,并考虑输入信号的阻抗平衡以及NMOS的安全与性能;变压器设计中需注意磁通不平衡和磁饱和引起的变压器短路,磁通不平衡可通过调节MOS管驱动信号使MOS管导通时间基本一致实现,磁饱和可通过对磁心开气隙使磁心磁饱和强度增加的方式进行调节;整流桥设计要点是考虑能量转化效率以及器件耐电压耐电流的值。通过3525驱动板的1、2以及9引脚和电阻电容实现非隔离电压采集,成本更低,并设计简单,稳定性强。

车载DC-DC电源变压器结构优化设计

针对车载DC-DC电源所需电源变换技术进行分析,对高频工作条件下的变压器进行了设计。限定变压器为膜包线绕制,建立了高频条件下变压器的绕组损耗模型,得到了高频条件下膜包线变压器绕组损耗的影响因素,并根据理论分析结果提出了能够减小高频绕组损耗的变压器绕制结构。利用有限元软件对不同结构变压器进行了仿真对比,制作了1.2 kW实机,并实测得到了不同结构变压器的工作温升。

开关电容DC-DC转换器:从变压器模型到电路的演进

开关电容(Switched Capacitor,SC)DC-DC转换器在很多领域有着广泛的应用。为应对大电压转换比(Voltage Conversion Ratio,VCR)的情况,前人提出了诸多拓扑结构。常用的拓扑结构包括Dickson,Cockcroft-Walton,Series-Parallel,Ladder,Fibonacci,Divider等等。这些拓扑结构有着各自的性能特点,适用于不同的场景。然而,对于这些不同的拓扑结构是如何产生的,本质的区别是什么,各自的优缺点是什么,并无直观的解释和分析。因此,该文从开关电容DC-DC转换器的等效变压器模型入手,分析了各个拓扑之间的本质区别,并展示了从等效模型到实际电路的演进过程,解释了规则和原因。

新型非隔离高升压DC-DC变换器

针对传统Boost升压变换器升压能力不足的问题,提出一种新型非隔离高升压DC-DC变换器,其特点是高电压增益、连续输入电流、开关管和二极管电压应力低、高效率。通过在电路中引入耦合电感,电路可在适当的占空比D下工作,同时通过调节匝数比来保持电压增益。首先对所提变换器的工作状态进行分析,然后推导出元件的电压和电流应力。此外,为了突出所提变换器的性能优势,将其与其他拓扑结构进行比较。最后,通过实验室制作的实验样机验证所提变换器的可行性和有效性。

基于可变电感的双有源桥隔离DC/DC变换器功率控制

针对传统双有源桥DAB(dual-active-bridge)变换器存在开关损耗大、循环电流大、负载变化范围窄且运行效率偏低等问题,提出1种基于可变电感和移相PS(phase shift)角相结合的新型双有源桥变换器功率控制方法。该方法将可变电感和移相角作为主要控制参数,以提升DAB在更宽的负载变化范围内的运行效率。此外,将DAB变换器的传递函数线性化,以提高控制器的实用性和便利性。基于所提方法中器件饱和可控,通过减小磁芯尺寸来优化变换器尺寸。最后,通过实验验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性,结果表明在最大PS角条件下,电感变化显著影响DAB变换器的功率传输,在轻载和重载条件下,其整体运行效率均比传统DAB变换器高约5%。

基于单片机的AC-DC变换电路设计

传统的AC-DC变换电路由于要通过高频变压器来实现电压变换,存在效率较低、电源的波纹很难降低等问题。因此,设计一种以单片机为核心控制器件的新型单相AC-DC变换电路。单相AC-DC变换电路设计结合BOOST开关器、输入负反馈和脉冲宽度调制,采用单片机辅助控制相结合的方式实现闭环控制,保证输出的稳定和高效。该电路包括全波桥式整流电路、BOOST开关器、电压反馈电路、电流采样电路和功率因数测量电路,通过负反馈控制UC3845芯片来改变PWM控制信号,从而调整BOOST开关器开关的通断,使输出电压稳定在36 V。单相AC-DC变换电路具有PFC功能,可通过LCD将实时的PF值进行检测,显示输出电流、输出电压、功率因数等数据。另外,在输出端设计了过流保护报警功能,该设计选取STC51单片机系列中的89C52RC芯片作为控制核心,结合电流电压检测共同来实现。实验结果表明,实测负载调整率为0.28%,电压调整率为0.28%,功率因数为0.91,说明所设计电路优于传统的AC-DC变换电路,具有转换率高的特点。

光储发电DC-DC变换电源系统的设计与实现

传统的光伏发电系统具有波动性,且光电转化效率低,通常需与储能元件结合来提高供电的稳定性和利用率。文章结合光电储能模式提出光储发电的三端口DC-DC变换电源系统设计方法,实现了对光能的充分利用。本设计结合MPPT和PID控制算法,采用闭环控制,既能够实现最大功率点跟踪,又能稳定输出电压。

660MW超临界机组DCS自主可控改造实践

本文对某660MW超临界发电机组的DCS自主可控改造案例进行了研究,并从DCS系统性能分析、组态设计、现场调试等几个方面,介绍了DCS自主可控改造的实施过程,总结了此次改造的技术要点和注意事项,为其他机组的DCS自主可控改造提供了借鉴和参考。

一种采用辅助变压器的ZVS三电平DC-DC变换器

针对三电平变换器通常在轻载工作状态下滞后桥臂开关管实现零电压开关(zero voltage switching,ZVS)较为困难,整流二极管两端也存在电压尖峰和振荡的问题,在常规的三电平变换器主电路拓扑中加入辅助变压器,使其在宽负载范围内实现软开关。对三电平变换器的工作原理及宽负载范围内实现ZVS的可行性进行详细分析。该新型拓扑是通过一台24V/10A,80kHz的实验样机进行了验证,实验结果表明变换器能够在宽负载范围内实现ZVS,并具有良好的性能。

双向全桥DC-DC变换器回流功率优化的双重移相控制

隔离式双向全桥DC-DC变换器(isolated bidirectional dual-active-bridge DC-DC converter,IBDC)采用单移相控制时会产生较大的回流功率和电流应力,导致损耗增加。该文通过建立IBDC采用单和双重移相控制时的输出功率及回流功率数学模型,推导出回流功率与移相比及输入/输出电压调节比之间的数学关系,提出一种以回流功率最小为目标的双重移相回流功率优化控制策略。该控制策略根据传输功率及输入/输出电压调节比所处的不同范围,采用分段优化方法,得出各范围内的最优内移相比。通过仿真计算,对比研究该优化策略与单移相控制下的回流功率曲线。文中给出详细的优化控制算法和系统控制方案,并基于该方案设计制作实验样机。实验结果验证了所提出双重移相回流功率最优控制策略的有效性与可行性。

双向全桥DC-DC变换器基于电感电流应力的双重移相优化控制

通过分析双向全桥DC-DC变换器采用单移相和双重移相控制的工作原理,推导出了两种控制方式下变换器电感电流应力与传输功率、输入与输出电压调节比及移相角比之间的数学关系。为了有效降低变换器电流应力,针对不同的传输功率及电压调节比,通过寻优求得使电感电流应力达到最小的最优移相角。据此提出一种双向全桥DC-DC变换器双重移相优化控制策略,在实现输出电压闭环控制的同时使变换器电流应力达到最小。采用该优化控制策略,双重移相控制的电流应力始终小于单移相控制,并且当变换器工作在轻载且电压调节比较大时,该优化控制策略的优势更加突出。搭建了实验样机,对理论分析进行了验证,并与传统单移相控制进行了对比。实验结果验证了所提出最优控制策略的有效性与可行性。

HVDC单极-大地运行情况下换流变压器直流偏磁建模仿真

阐述变压器直流偏磁主要研究动向、研究需求和分析方法,提出一种评估交流变压器中性点直流偏磁与高压直流输电系统(HVDC)运行方式关系的仿真模型.以天广直流输电系统工程为例,根据实际参数对CIGRE HVDC标准模型控制系统进行修改和补充,运用PSCAD/EMTDC电磁暂态仿真软件,建立南网天广直流输电单极-大地运行模型.该模型可基于电路元件等值方法对换流变压器直流偏磁电流随系统运行方式变化的规律进行仿真模拟,对各种运行工况下换流变压器直流偏磁进行仿真,并建立单极运行时传输功率与换流变压器中性点电流的映射关系.