Vibration and noise mechanism of a 110 kV transformer under DC bias based on finite element method

Global energy and environmental issues are becoming increasingly problematic,and the vibration and noise problem of 110 kV transformers,which are the most widely distributed,have attracted widespread attention from both inside and outside the industry.DC bias is one of the main contributing factors to vibration noise during the normal operation of transformers.To clarify the vibration and noise mechanism of a 110 kV transformer under a DC bias,a multi-field coupling model of a 110 kV transformer was established using the finite element method.The electromagnetic,vibration,and noise characteristics during the DC bias process were compared and quantified through field circuit coupling in parallel with the power frequency of AC,harmonic,and DC power sources.It was found that a DC bias can cause significant distortions in the magnetic flux density,force,and displacement distributions of the core and winding.The contributions of the DC bias effect to the core and winding are different at Kdc=0.85.At this point,the core approached saturation,and the increase in the core force and displacement slowed.However,the saturation of the core increased the leakage flux,and the stress and displacement of the winding increased faster.The sound field distribution characteristics of the 110 kV transformer under a DC bias are related to the force characteristics.When the DC bias coefficient was 1.25,the noise sound pressure level reached 73.6 dB.

固态变压器中隔离双向DC/DC变换器扩展移相下虚拟电流控制策略

该文以固态变压器后级隔离双向DC/DC变换器为重点研究对象,提出一种扩展移相下虚拟电流控制策略。通过分析后级变换器在扩展移相传输功率下相移量关系以获得最小电流应力最优解来提高变换器的传输效率,减少器件损耗。同时通过虚拟电流控制思想在线估算传输功率来提高系统动态响应性能,减少电流传感器使用。最后,对该文所提出的扩展移相下虚拟电流控制与扩展移相控制进行实验对比分析,验证了扩展移相下虚拟电流控制策略具有降低电流应力,显著提高变换器的动态响应的优点。

Transient characteristics verification method for DC transformer used in flexible HVDC system

Previous studies have proposed higher requirements for the transient characteristics of a DC transformer used in a flexible high-voltage direct current(HVDC) system to achieve faster sampling speed and meet wider bandwidth requirements of the control and protection signal, and to eventually suppress the large transient fault current. In this study, a transient characteristics verification method is proposed for transient characteristics verification of a DC transformer used in a flexible HVDC system based on resampling technology and LabVIEW measurement technology after analyzing the key technology for transient characteristics verification of a DC transformer. A laboratory experiment for the transient characteristics of a full-fiber electronic DC transformer is conducted, and experimental results show that such verification method can be employed for frequency response and step response verification of a DC transformer at 10% of the rated voltage and current, and can eventually improve the screening of a DC transformer.

Research on power electronic transformer applied in AC/DC hybrid distribution networks

The AC/DC hybrid distribution network is one of the trends in distribution network development, which poses great challenges to the traditional distribution transformer. In this paper, a new topology suitable for AC/DC hybrid distribution network is put forward according to the demands of power grid, with advantages of accepting DG and DC loads, while clearing DC fault by blocking the clamping double sub-module(CDSM) of input stage. Then, this paper shows the typical structure of AC/DC distribution network that is hand in hand. Based on the new topology, this paper designs the control and modulation strategies of each stage, where the outer loop controller of input stage is emphasized for its twocontrol mode. At last, the rationality of new topology and the validity of control strategies are verified by the steady and dynamic state simulation. At the same time, the simulation results highlight the role of PET in energy regulation.

基于3525驱动板的推挽式非隔离型变压器DC-DC升压设计

设计了一种非隔离型推挽式变压器DC-DC升压方式,给出了推挽式升压主要电路模块参数的设计方法,其中包括尖峰吸收电路、MOS管外围电路、变压器以及整流桥。通过3525驱动板实现变压器输出电压非隔离反馈调节与MOS管驱动。通过设计发现在推挽式升压中:RC尖峰吸收电路,RC参数值与电路寄生电容电感、MOS管结电容以及电路整体谐振有关,并当电阻值固定时,电容越大尖峰吸收效果越好;MOS管需用NPN型,并考虑输入信号的阻抗平衡以及NMOS的安全与性能;变压器设计中需注意磁通不平衡和磁饱和引起的变压器短路,磁通不平衡可通过调节MOS管驱动信号使MOS管导通时间基本一致实现,磁饱和可通过对磁心开气隙使磁心磁饱和强度增加的方式进行调节;整流桥设计要点是考虑能量转化效率以及器件耐电压耐电流的值。通过3525驱动板的1、2以及9引脚和电阻电容实现非隔离电压采集,成本更低,并设计简单,稳定性强。

车载DC-DC电源变压器结构优化设计

针对车载DC-DC电源所需电源变换技术进行分析,对高频工作条件下的变压器进行了设计。限定变压器为膜包线绕制,建立了高频条件下变压器的绕组损耗模型,得到了高频条件下膜包线变压器绕组损耗的影响因素,并根据理论分析结果提出了能够减小高频绕组损耗的变压器绕制结构。利用有限元软件对不同结构变压器进行了仿真对比,制作了1.2 kW实机,并实测得到了不同结构变压器的工作温升。

开关电容DC-DC转换器:从变压器模型到电路的演进

开关电容(Switched Capacitor,SC)DC-DC转换器在很多领域有着广泛的应用。为应对大电压转换比(Voltage Conversion Ratio,VCR)的情况,前人提出了诸多拓扑结构。常用的拓扑结构包括Dickson,Cockcroft-Walton,Series-Parallel,Ladder,Fibonacci,Divider等等。这些拓扑结构有着各自的性能特点,适用于不同的场景。然而,对于这些不同的拓扑结构是如何产生的,本质的区别是什么,各自的优缺点是什么,并无直观的解释和分析。因此,该文从开关电容DC-DC转换器的等效变压器模型入手,分析了各个拓扑之间的本质区别,并展示了从等效模型到实际电路的演进过程,解释了规则和原因。

基于可变电感的双有源桥隔离DC/DC变换器功率控制

针对传统双有源桥DAB(dual-active-bridge)变换器存在开关损耗大、循环电流大、负载变化范围窄且运行效率偏低等问题,提出1种基于可变电感和移相PS(phase shift)角相结合的新型双有源桥变换器功率控制方法。该方法将可变电感和移相角作为主要控制参数,以提升DAB在更宽的负载变化范围内的运行效率。此外,将DAB变换器的传递函数线性化,以提高控制器的实用性和便利性。基于所提方法中器件饱和可控,通过减小磁芯尺寸来优化变换器尺寸。最后,通过实验验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性,结果表明在最大PS角条件下,电感变化显著影响DAB变换器的功率传输,在轻载和重载条件下,其整体运行效率均比传统DAB变换器高约5%。

High Frequency Transformers for DC/DC Converter Used in Solar PV System

This paper presents and investigates planar and coaxial high frequency power transformers used for DC/DC converters in a three phase photo voltaic （PV） power systems. The winding structure including a Faraday shield between the primary and secondary windings is designed to minimize eddy current losses, skin and proximity effects, and to reduce the leakage inductance, and the inter winding coupling capacitance. Finite Element Method is employed to analyze the magnetic flux and eddy current distributions. The two different kinds of prototype high frequency transformers are designed and tested. The simulation and experiment results are demonstrated and compared with non-shielded transformers. The shielded transformers have achieved the expected results with a relatively small coupling capacitance, compared with the conventional high frequency transformer. This shield decreases the inter-winding coupling capacitance Cps. The topology of this shield has to be such that it acts as a Faraday screen while avoiding eddy current generation.

光储发电DC-DC变换电源系统的设计与实现

传统的光伏发电系统具有波动性,且光电转化效率低,通常需与储能元件结合来提高供电的稳定性和利用率。文章结合光电储能模式提出光储发电的三端口DC-DC变换电源系统设计方法,实现了对光能的充分利用。本设计结合MPPT和PID控制算法,采用闭环控制,既能够实现最大功率点跟踪,又能稳定输出电压。

660MW超临界机组DCS自主可控改造实践

本文对某660MW超临界发电机组的DCS自主可控改造案例进行了研究,并从DCS系统性能分析、组态设计、现场调试等几个方面,介绍了DCS自主可控改造的实施过程,总结了此次改造的技术要点和注意事项,为其他机组的DCS自主可控改造提供了借鉴和参考。

一种面向高频链AC-DC矩阵变换器的高频变压器绕组优化设计方法

针对高频链AC-DC矩阵变换器中高频变压器绕组损耗大的问题,提出了一种高频变压器绕组优化设计方法,该方法首先建立了漏感模型和绕组损耗模型,并基于模型合理选择关键参数作为优化参数,应用有约束的多目标遗传优化算法对关键参数进行寻优,最后得到一套高频变压器绕组的优化设计方案。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法与传统面积乘积法(AP)法相比,绕组损耗可降低10%以上,变换器整机效率最高提升了1.07%,由此证明,该变压器绕组优化设计方法可以通过降低高频变压器的绕组损耗,达到降低高频链AC-DC矩阵变换器损耗、提升变换器整体效率的目的。

Finite Element Simulation and Experimental Study on Vibration Characteristics of Converter Transformer Under DC Bias

To clarify the electromagnetic,vibration,and loss characteristics of the internal components of a converter transformer under DC bias conditions and their influencing mechanisms,a series of studies are conducted using the finite element method and model experiments.This paper quantifies the influence of different DC contents on the magnetic flux density,force,and displacement distribution characteristics of the iron core and winding and analyzes the internal relationship between various indicators.The inflection point of the DC bias coefficient on the vibration is obtained and the contribution mechanism of the different responses of the iron core and winding to this inflection point is explained.The value of the DC bias coefficient for changing the main vibration frequency is determined.When the DC bias coefficient is 1.0 and 1.5,the main frequency of vibration moves to the right to 250 Hz and 350 Hz.Based on the principle of similarity,a DC bias vibration experimental platform for converter transformers is developed,and DC bias magnetic experiments are conducted to verify the reliability of the simulation results.

HVDC/GIC型直流偏磁的差异性分析

考虑到地磁感应电流(geomagnetically induced current,GIC)具有低频性,过去一直将其近似等效为高压直流输电(high voltage direct current,HVDC)诱发的不平衡电流进行研究。然而,与HVDC型直流偏磁相比,GIC型直流偏磁具有显著的随机性与时变性,因此简单地将两者完全等效处理并不合理,在特定场景下应加以区分。为此,首先,从理论上分析了两种类型直流偏磁在诱发原因及特点上的差异。其次,通过研究直流偏磁对变压器本体以及电流互感器的不利影响,进一步探究两种类型直流偏磁对电网一/二次设备的影响差异,为后续的偏磁治理提供有效参考。最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台搭建了等效仿真模型,并通过仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。

A Protection Method of VSC-HVDC Cables Based on Generalized S-Transform

Generalized S-transform is a time-frequency analysis method which has higher resolution than S-transform. It can precisely extract the time-amplitude characteristics of different frequency components in the signal. In this paper, a novel protection method for VSC-HVDC (Voltage source converter based high voltage DC) based on Generalized S-transform is proposed. Firstly, extracting frequency component of fault current by Generalized S-transform and using mutation point of high frequency to determine the fault time. Secondly, using the zero-frequency component of fault current to eliminate disturbances. Finally, the polarity of sudden change currents in the two terminals is employed to discriminate the internal and external faults. Simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLAB show that the proposed method can distinguish faults accurately and effectively.

基于DCT的真双极直流配电网电压-电流二级控制

在真双极直流配电网中,由于线缆阻抗的差异,底层传统下垂控制在实现较小的电压偏差和较高的分流精度时,存在着有矛盾,影响系统的稳定性和运行的经济性。为此,文中在底层控制的基础上提出一种基于DC/DC变换器(DC/DC transformer,DCT)的适用于真双极拓扑的电压-电流二级控制策略。该控制策略基于通信采集同极性并联DCT的电流和异极性串联DCT的电压,采用一致性算法使电流控制与电压控制均达到收敛,从而实现负荷的合理分配并有效抑制正负极电压的不平衡。在PSCAD/EMTDC平台中搭建真双极直流配电网模型进行仿真验证,仿真和评价结果验证了该控制策略在不同工况下的有效性、对不同拓扑的适应性及配网发生故障时的可靠性。

基于输入并联输出串联的高效高升压比DC-DC变换器

随着新型可再生能源的快速发展,对高效、高升压比DC-DC变换器的需求日益增加。传统两级级联式结构中,前后两级均需传递全部功率,不利于系统效率的提升。为此,该文提出一种基于输入并联输出串联(IPOS)连接的上下堆叠式高升压比直流变换器,系统的上部分变换器工作在直流变压器(DCX)状态,实现恒电压比传输,处理大部分功率,通过对谐振点处的参数优化实现效率提升;下部分变换器则起到系统闭环动态调压的作用,传输小部分功率。该文详细介绍所提出结构的工作原理、参数设计以及平面变压器的优化设计,并搭建24~32 V/400 V、额定功率200 W、开关频率1 MHz的实验样机验证了理论分析的正确性,所搭建样机峰值测试效率高达96.3%。

Analysis of Non-Sinusoidal Steady Electric Field of ±500 kV Converter Transformer

The line side winding is under the fundamental frequency AC voltage, while the valve side winding contains not only fundamental AC voltage component, but also the DC voltage component, fundamental AC voltage component, and higher harmonic voltage components when the converter transformer is at its normal operating condition, and the electric field of converter transformer is a non-sinusoidal steady one. To analyze the non-sinusoidal steady electric field containing the DC component, fundamental AC and higher harmonic components, the voltage spectrum of the valve winding in a ±500 kV converter transformer is firstly analyzed, and the non-sinusoidal periodic steady electric field is obtained by the fast discrete Fourier transform. Different resistivity of the oil and oil-immersed paper is adopted to simulate the aging of oil paper insulation at operation, and get the non-sinusoidal steady electric field.

一种10 MHz高频DC-DC功率变换器及其同步整流技术

该文设计一种具有准零相位差同步驱动信号的10 MHz DC-DC功率变换器,通过设计逆变器输出电压与整流器输入电压近似同相位,整流器和逆变器可以采用同一驱动信号,简化了同步整流开关管的控制难度,实现了10 MHz下可靠、简洁的同步整流控制。同时,为满足主拓扑要求,构建具有二次侧准无漏感特性的嵌套环形3D变压器,大大减少了传统变压器二次侧漏感对于同步整流控制的影响,并提出由多个印制电路板(PCB)结合来制作嵌套环形3D变压器的方法。最终,设计了一台48 V输入、12 V/28 W输出的实验样机,实验结果验证了所提出的控制方法和数值设计方法的可行性。