具有组分梯度的HgCdTe探测器在激光测量中的潜在应用

该文将组分梯度引入HgCdTe探测器结构设计中,提出了一种可以降低PN结附近热激发载流子浓度的方法。建立暗电流机制模型,分析高温下暗电流成份,分析结果表明,降低热激发载流子浓度对结区的影响是提高器件工作温度的关键。利用组分梯度在PN结附近构建不同的电场,不同电场下样品暗电流和噪声电流随温度的变化曲线表明,构建的电场越强,降低结区附近热激发载流子浓度的效果越明显。通过数据分析,提出构建103 V/cm量级的组分梯度内建电场可抑制热激发载流子向结区的扩散运动,有效地降低结区附近热激发载流子浓度。

近化学计量比的HgCdTe薄膜表面处理方法

本文采用X射线光电子能谱检测技术分别对溴-甲醇(Br_(2):Me)、溴-氢溴酸(Br_(2):HBr)和溴-氢溴酸-乙二醇(Br_(2):HBr:Eg)3种体系的腐蚀液处理后的HgCdTe表面状态进行了研究,结果表明这3种溴基腐蚀液均会造成HgCdTe表面富碲(Te^(0)),且富碲程度为(Br_(2):HBr:Eg)<(Br_(2):HBr)<(Br_(2):Me)。为了获得接近化学计量比的表面,一般采取先氧化富碲为TeO_(2)后腐蚀的方式去除表面富碲,然而,湿法腐蚀去除表面富碲的方法存在各种缺点。等离子体氧化具有氧化性强,工艺稳定,安全环保等优点,因此本文通过氧等离子体氧化Br_(2):HBr:Eg处理后的HgCdTe表面,进一步研究了盐酸、乳酸和氢氧化铵溶液腐蚀去除HgCdTe表面氧化物的情况,结果表明低浓度的盐酸能够较彻底地去除HgCdTe表面氧化物且不引入碳等其他污染物。在此接近化学计量比的表面制备的CdTe钝化膜与HgCdTe界面孔洞大小及数量显著减小,说明CdTe/HgCdTe界面的缺陷密度更低。

Case Study on Synchronous Construction Technology for Secondary Lining of Large-diameter Single track Shiel Shield-bored ored Tunnel

The synchronous construction of the secondary lining during the boring of large-diameter shield faces challenges such as the design of the lining jumbo,the high requirements on the performance for the lining jumbo,the organization of the construction activities in the small and confined area,the horizontal transportation for shield boring and high safety management requirements.A super-long invert lining construction jumbo,as well as the matching California switch,is developed,which provides solution for the confliction between the invert lining construction and the horizontal transportation.The procedure and method for the synchronous operation of the shield boring and the secondary lining are developed by referring to the synchronous construction of the secondary lining during the boring of the TBMs in hard rocks.Due to the adoption of the synchronous operation of the shield boring and the secondary lining,the construction period is shortened and the construction cost is reduced.The paper can provide reference for the synchronous construction of the secondary lining in similar projects in the future.

10μm 1280×1024 HgCdTe中波红外焦平面阵列探测性能提升

对像元尺寸为10μm的1280×1024碲镉汞(HgCdTe)中波红外焦平面阵列的制备技术和性能进行了研究。通过B+注入制备小尺寸n-on-p平面结;采用高平整度HgCdTe外延材料和高精度的倒焊互连技术,实现高的电学连通率;采用多段温度填胶固化和边缘刻蚀工艺减轻HgCdTe器件和读出集成电路(ROICs)之间的热失配,从而降低焦平面器件失效率。在85 K焦平面工作温度下,研制探测器的光谱响应范围为3.67μm至4.88μm,有效像元率高达99.95%,并且探测器组件像元的平均噪声等效温差(NETD)和暗电流密度的平均值分别小于16 mK和2.1×10^(-8)A/cm^(2)。与像元尺寸为15μm的探测器相比,10μm的1280×1024中波红外探测器可获取更加精细的图像,具有更远的识别距离。目前,该技术已成功转移到浙江珏芯微电子有限公司(ZJM)的HgCdTe红外探测器产线。

具有组分梯度的HgCdTe探测器光电特性

PN结分别制备在HgCdTe外延薄膜材料的Cd组分非线性分布区和线性分布区的高组分端,研究了具有组分梯度的HgCdTe探测器的光电特性。计算不同温度下组分梯度产生的内建电场,结果显示Cd组分线性分布产生的内建电场在100~200 V/cm,而Cd组分非线性分布使得样品表面薄层的内建电场高达2 000 V/cm,推测组分梯度产生的内建电场对光生少子运动的影响是引起两个样品光电性能差异的主要原因。通过分析样品响应率随温度的三种不同变化趋势,提出利用温度调控组分梯度产生的内建电场,有利于降低空间电荷效应,为大注入下提高HgCdTe探测器的饱和阈值提供了一种新的设计思路。

An Approach to Stability Analysis of Embedded Large-Diameter Cylinder Quay

The large-diameter cylinder structure, which is made of large successive bottomless cylinders placed on foundation bed or partly driven into soil, is a recently developed retaining structure in China. It can be used in port, coastal and offshore works. The method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder structure, especially for stability analysis of the embedded large-diameter cylinder structure, is an important issue. In this paper, an idea is presented that is, embedded large-diameter cylinder quays can be divided into two types, i.e. the gravity wall type and the cylinder pile wall type. A method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the cylinder pile wall type is developed and a method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the gravity wall type is also proposed. The effect of significant parameters on the stability of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the cylinder pile wall type is investigated through numerical calculation.

Coupled BEM-FEM Analysis of the Large-Diameter Cylinder Structure System

A method of coupled BEM-FEM analysis for the elastic spatial structure system is presented. It can be applied to the calculation of the stress and deformation of the large-diamater cylinder structure system and it is suitable for symmetric or non-symmetric structures under the distributed or concentrated load. Numerical examples show that the proposed method and computer program BEFEM are quite efficient in the analysis of the large-diameter cylinder structure problems in ocean engineering.

Selection of superior families of Pinus massoniana in southern China for large-diameter construction timber

This study addresses the increasing demand for large-diameter production timber,and considers the time and space variability of half-sib families of Pinus massoniana.Height,diameter at breast height(DBH)and timber volume of 440 open-pollinated half-sib progeny families were investigated in 14 progeny trials in different years and production regions.An evaluation of the genetic variation of all half-sib families was carried out during the sustainable rapid growth period and individual volumes were characterized as a major index.ANOVA analysis showed that there was considerable variance in the growth traits of most families in different years and on different sites.The variations caused by temporal and spatial changes of the mating system required three selection methods for analysis.The results show that there were differences among the heritabilities of different growth traits by different halfsib progenies.Average heritability values of height,DBH and volume were 0.33,0.34 and 0.36,respectively.Fortyfive superior families were selected in every progeny test,12 were selected in progeny trials by different years and five in different habitat progeny trials.Three superior families(Gui GC553A,Gui GC414A and Gui GC431A)were selected,although in different years and production regions.The genetic gains of timber volume of these selected r families ranged from 1.20 to 47.00%,which could provide a foundation for superior wood property selection and serve as material for seed improvement and extension in surrounding areas.

Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Study on Breakaway Torque of Large-diameter Magnetic Liquid Seal at Low Temperature

The existing researches of the magnetic liquid rotation seal have been mainly oriented to the seal at normal temperature and the seal with the smaller shaft diameter less than 100 mm. However, the large-diameter magnetic liquid rotation seal at low temperature has not been reported both in theory and in application up to now. A key factor restricting the application of the large-diameter magnetic liquid rotation seal at low temperature is the high breakaway torque. In this paper, the factors that influence the breakaway torque including the number of seal stages, the injected quantity of magnetic liquid and the standing time at normal temperature are studied. Two kinds of magnetic liquid with variable content of large particles are prepared first, and a seal feedthrough with 140 mm shaft diameter is used in the experiments. All experiments are carried out in a low temperature chamber with a temperature range from 200℃ to -100℃. Different numbers of seal stages are tested under the same condition to study the relation between the breakaway torque and the number of seal stages. Variable quantity of magnetic liquid is injected in the seal gap to get the relation curve of the breakaway torque and the injecting quantity of magnetic liquid. In the experiment for studying the relation between the breakaway torque and the standing time at the normal temperature, the seal feedtrough is laid at normal temperature for different period of time before it is put in the low temperature chamber. The experimental results show that the breakaway torque is proportional to the number of seal stages, the injected quantity of magnetic liquid and the standing time at the normal temperature. Meanwhile, the experimental results are analyzed and the torque formula of magnetic liquid rotation seal at low temperature is deduced from the Navier-Stokes equation on the base of the model of magnetic liquid rotation seal. The presented research can make wider application of the magnetic liquid seal in general. And the large-diameter magnetic liquid rotation seal at low temperature designed by using present research results are to be used in some special fields, such as the military field, etc.

退火工艺对HgCdTe材料位错密度及电学性能影响的研究

实验分别采用高低温退火和循环变温退火方式对液相外延生长的HgCdTe材料进行饱和汞压热处理,研究了两种热处理工艺对碲镉汞材料位错密度及电学性能的影响。结果表明:相较于高低温退火,经循环变温退火后HgCdTe材料的位错密度有了明显的降低,并且材料的迁移率有了显著的提升。研究发现循环变温退火是一种较好提升HgCdTe材料性能的热处理方法。

Control study of short-term curative effect of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty using metal-on-metal large-diameter femoral head for the elderly patients with femoral neck fractures

Objective To discuss the postoperative curative effects of two surgical techniques of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (THA) using metal-on-metal largediameter and conventional diameter femoral head for the elderly patients

碲镉汞PIN结构雪崩器件的I区材料晶体质量研究

本文对中波红外PIN结构的碲镉汞(HgCdTe)雪崩器件关键雪崩区域的材料晶体质量进行研究。通过在实验材料上对PIN结构雪崩器件的全过程工艺模拟,采用微分霍尔、微分少子寿命等测试手段进行材料表征,评估获得了关键雪崩区域的真实材料晶体质量。研究发现,现有优化工艺下雪崩区域的晶体质量良好,拟合材料的SRH寿命最好能达到20.7μs,可达到原生材料SRH寿命的相当水平,满足高质量中波碲镉汞雪崩器件的研制要求。同时,我们以获得的雪崩区域SRH寿命为基础,对HgCdTe APD结构器件进行相应2维数值模拟,获得理论最优的暗电流密度8.7×10^(-10) A/cm^(2)。

nBn结构长波红外碲镉汞器件优化设计

分析了Type-I型能带对nBn结构碲镉汞器件性能的影响。通过理论计算获得了势垒层组分、掺杂浓度与能带带阶的关系,确定了nBn结构长波器件吸收层掺杂浓度与暗电流的关系。优化了nBn结构长波红外碲镉汞器件的掺杂浓度、势垒层与吸收层之间的组分过渡,建立了二维器件仿真模型并对nBn结构长波红外碲镉汞器件的能带结构进行了计算,结果表明器件结构参数的优化可以有效降低器件工作所需的开启电压,同时在吸收层内几乎不会形成耗尽区,从而有效抑制SRH产生-复合电流及隧穿电流。计算了器件结构参数优化后的长波红外碲镉汞nBn器件暗电流的变温特性,器件工作温度达到110 K以上。为高性能势垒结构长波红外碲镉汞器件的研制提供了理论依据。

通过成结模拟器研究n^(+)-n^(-)-p碲镉汞高温探测器

第三代红外探测器发展的一个重要方向是高工作温度探测器。对于碲镉汞n-on-p探测器而言,n^(+)-n^(-)-p结构以及良好的钝化工艺能够有效的抑制暗电流的产生,从而在高工作温度条件下获得较好的探测器性能。基于自行开发的成结模拟器,对n^(+)-n^(-)-p结构地高温器件进行了工艺仿真和器件仿真,获得成结过程的制备参数,并结合抑制表面漏电的组分梯度钝化工艺,将高工作温度下的暗电流抑制至理论极限,研制出可以在更高温度工作下的碲镉汞n-on-p红外焦平面探测器。经测试,中波n-on-p红外焦平面器件在不同工作温度下性能优异,在80 K工作温度下噪声等效温差(NETD)达到了6.1 mK,有效像元率为99.96%;而在150 K工作温度下噪声等效温差(NETD)为11.0 mK,有效像元率为99.50%,达到了同类器件的理论极限。

分子束外延HgCdTe薄膜As掺杂P型激活研究(英文)

报道了利用As4 作为掺杂源获得原位As掺杂MBEHgCdTe材料的研究结果.利用高温退火技术激活As使其占据Te位形成受主.对原位As掺杂MBEHgCdTe材料进行SIMS及Hall测试,证实利用原位As掺杂及高温退火可获得P型MBEHgCdTe材料.

CO_2激光对长波红外HgCdTe探测器干扰的分析

激光干扰是对抗精确制导武器、保卫己方目标的重要方式.针对高功率CO2激光对某光导型长波红外HgCdTe探测器的干扰损伤进行了理论分析与实验研究.根据实验结果,利用激光辐照探测器的温升理论模型,计算了温升随辐照时间和功率的关系,并和CO2激光器辐照光导型长波红外HgCdTe探测器的实验结果进行了对比.理论和实验结果表明,此探测器的干扰阈值为16.5W/cm2,损伤阈值为126W/cm2.实验结论对研究激光干扰星载探测器技术具有一定的参考价值.

红外透射光谱在HgCdTe外延薄膜性能评价中的应用

用最新发表的ＨｇＣｄＴｅ材料的光学常数对ＭＢＥ工艺生长的ＨｇＣｄＴｅ／ＣｄＴｅ／ＧａＡｓ材料的透射光谱进行了理论计算．对受生长工艺破坏的衬底背面再次进行抛光处理，消除因表面不平整引起的漫反射效应，使实验测量得到的光谱曲线与理论计算结果很好地吻合，由此得到的ＨｇＣｄＴｅ和ＣｄＴｅ外延层的厚度和解理面上用显微镜测量的数值相同，准确度优于±０．２μｍ．确定ＨｇＣｄＴｅ组分的准确度优于±０．

高功率CO2激光对远场HgCdTe探测器的干扰实验

理论分析和实验研究了高功率CO2激光对远场光导型长波红外HgCdTe探测器的干扰损伤。采用激光辐照探测器的温升理论模型,根据实验参数,讨论了高功率激光对长波红外探测器的损伤机理,计算了温升与辐照时间和功率的关系,并和CO2激光器在距离15km处辐照光导型长波红外HgCdTe探测器的实验结果进行对比分析。实验结果表明,2.5kW连续CO2激光经过大气衰减后在15km处激光功率密度可达0.161W/cm2,计算可知此时会聚到探测器靶面处的功率密度为140W/cm2;靶面处功率密度为20.5W/cm2时,对探测器产生干扰;靶面处功率密度为110W/cm2时,达到损伤,计算此时探测器表面温度已达到Hg析出温度,这一实验现象和理论计算预期结果相吻合。实验结论对研究探测器的激光防护和激光干扰星载探测器技术具有指导意义。

10.6μm CO_2激光对HgCdTe探测器破坏阈值的实验研究

用10.6μm脉冲CO2激光辐照PC型HgCdTe光电探测器进行破坏阈值实验研究,通过改变激光辐照到探测器上的能量密度直至探测器损伤、破坏,得出了HgCdTe探测器的破坏阈值;利用一维半无限大模型计算了激光损伤探测器的破坏阈值,并与实验值进行了比较。分析表明,实验误差不仅来自于探测器不同的材料性质,而且与光斑的大小,探测器的制作工艺等多种因素有关;分析了不同脉宽的激光脉冲对破坏阈值的影响,得出了合理的破坏阈值。

高重频CO_2激光损伤HgCdTe晶体的数值分析

针对CO2激光作用下HgCdTe晶体的损伤问题进行了数值分析。首先,建立了高重频CO2激光损伤Hg0.784Cd0.216Te晶体的三维热传导物理模型;然后,利用有限元方法计算了单脉冲和高重频CO2激光作用下,Hg0.784Cd0.216Te晶体的损伤阈值;最后,分析了激光重频以及辐照时间对晶体损伤阈值的影响。研究结果表明:单脉冲激光辐照下,晶体的损伤阈值为64.5 J/cm2;高重频(f>1 kHz)激光辐照下,激光重频的改变对晶体损伤阈值的影响较小,损伤阈值应由平均功率密度表征,且与辐照时间密切相关;辐照时间的增加,可以有效地减小晶体的损伤阈值,当激光辐照功率密度<1.95 kW/cm2时,不会发生晶体损伤。研究结果对高重频CO2激光在激光加工以及激光防护的应用方面具有指导意义。