高速铁路主跨320 m钢-混部分斜拉桥无砟轨道适应性研究

南玉高铁六景郁江特大桥设计将钢-混部分斜拉桥结构引入时速350 km高速铁路领域,而300 m级以上大跨度桥上无砟轨道的竖向变形极易超限,影响列车通过的安全性和舒适性,因此,系统研究在此大跨桥梁结构上铺设无砟轨道的适应性十分必要。通过建立有限元及动力学模型,分析不同组合工况下无砟轨道结构的变形特点及动力特性,运用60 m弦测法探究各工况下无砟轨道的线形变化规律,从而确定大跨度钢-混部分斜拉桥铺设无砟轨道的适应性,并对设计和施工提出合理化建议。主要结论如下:在各种不利组合荷载作用下,桥上无砟轨道结构强度满足规范要求,列车通过大桥的各项安全性与舒适性指标均满足规范要求;混凝土收缩徐变和斜拉索升降温是影响无砟轨道线形标准的两大主因,应在无砟轨道施工前确保足够的沉降观测期和收缩徐变释放期,并充分考虑拉索的保温设计;在温度组合荷载作用下,桥上无砟轨道的60 m弦测不平顺幅值为6.79 mm,满足高速铁路静态验收标准;但在叠加列车荷载和收缩徐变后,变形弦测值均出现Ⅱ级及以上超限,通过合理设置预拱度后可有效改善轨道平顺性标准。

Influence of Cerium on Solidification Microstructure of M2 High Speed Steel

The influence of Ce on the solidification microstructures of M2 high speed steel was studied. The results show that Ce has the effect of alleviating the segregation of alloying elements such as W and Mo in high speed steel. With the addition of Ce, the amount of eutectic carbides is decreased and the flakes of the carbides are refined. Ce mainly segregates onto the interface between the eutectic carbide and austenite, and a Dart of Ce enters M2C carbide. Ce can also enhance the breaking and spheroidizing of the network eutectic carbides during high temperature heat treatment.

MICROSTRUCTURE IN LASER FUSED HIGH SPEED STEEL W6Mo5Cr4V2(M2)

Microstructure of the deepest zone of high speed steel W6Mo5Cr4V2(M2)melt after laser fu-sion was found to be so fine as the ehill zone of a solidified ingot.When narrower chill zoneformed,the long columnar dendrites grow into the melt and then the fine equiaxed cellularstructure appears in upper melt region nearly surface.The substructure of cellular grains anddendrites was observed to consist of martensite and retained austenile,while the carbides asM_6C_■ Cr_7C_3 and MC distributed at their boundaries.It is believed that the highermicrohardness up to HV_(0.1)=865-960 of the laser fused structure of the alloy is due to the oc-currence of martensite.

Semi-solid Casting of High Speed Steel Ingots Using Inclined Slope Pre-crystallization Method

Semi-solid casting of M2 high speed steel ingots was investigated by inclined slope pre-crystallization method. Effects of casting temperature and slope length on the microstructure of M2 HSS ingots were investigated. M2 cast ingots of non-dendritic primary austenite and fine eutectic ledeburite network carbide structure were obtained, with the casting temperature, slope length and angle of 1480 ℃, 500 mm and 60° respectively. Meanwhile, the microstructure of cast samples was quantitatively assessed by Image tool software. Results show that optimum mean equivalent diameter of primary austenite crystal grain is 50.8 μm, shape factor is 0.83, and mean thickness of network carbide is 5.21 μm.

SPS烧结M42粉末高速钢的烧结工艺研究

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备M42粉末高速钢,研究不同烧结工艺对M42粉末高速钢性能的影响。结果表明：M42粉末高速钢经970℃×10 min×70 MPa SPS烧结后,其显微组织细小均匀、无碳化物偏析,致密度达到96.53%;经1 180℃×5 min＋550℃×1 h热处理后的硬度达到67.36HRC,与普通M42高速钢相比提高1-2HRC。

硅对M3∶2高速钢烧结致密性及组织的影响

研究硅添加量对真空液相烧结M3∶2高速钢烧结组织和致密性的影响。结果表明,1230℃烧结后,添加硅会使M3∶2高速钢的烧结致密性提高。随硅添加量增加,烧结M3∶2钢的致密性首先增加,而后降低,在硅添加量为0.7wt%时可获得全致密的组织。硅添加量低于0.7wt%时,硅的添加会使高速钢基体中的奥氏体含量降低,马氏体含量增加,硬度提高。当硅添加量提高到3.0wt%时,高速钢基体组织由马氏体和奥氏体变为珠光体,硬度降低。同时发现,硅会抑制烧结高速钢碳化物的析出和长大,硅添加量为0.4wt%的M3∶2钢的组织与硅添加量为0.2wt%及0.7 wt%的组织相比,碳化物含量高,晶粒尺寸细小。

南纸45g/m^2低定量新闻纸的研发与生产

通过浆料制备、纤维配比、湿部添加剂及纸机抄造等方面的工艺优化,在高速纸机上成功地生产出45g/m2低定量新闻纸。产品质量达到了国家标准要求,印刷效果良好。

球磨时间及预氧化方式对粉末冶金M3:2高速钢组织及力学性能的影响

采用球磨混合和预氧化活化烧结法制备新型粉末冶金M3:2高速钢,重点研究球磨时间和预氧化方式对其致密度、微观组织和力学性能的影响。利用FEI Quanta 250 FEG型扫描电镜对高速钢组织进行显微分析,同时测试样品硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性等力学性能。结果表明,球磨72 h且负压干燥时,M3:2高速钢具有最优的碳含量、致密度和力学性能组合。烧结后的抗弯强度最高为3 092 MPa,热处理后的弯曲强度为4 786 MPa。经过干燥增氧之后,负压干燥粉末具有较低的氧含量,烧结后的氧含量最低可降到17×10-6,表现出更好的致密度和力学性能。

42g/m^2低定量新闻纸的研制

通过浆料制备、纤维配比、湿部添加剂及纸机抄造等方面的工艺优化,在高速纸机上成功地生产出42g/m2低定量新闻纸。产品质量达到了用户要求,印刷效果良好。

M2高速钢Φ183mm锻坯针孔缺陷分析和工艺改进

M2高速钢（/%：0.86C,0.39Si,0.32Mn,0.015P,0.006S,6.00W,4.00Cr,4.80Mo,1.85V）Φ183 mm圆坯由2.0 t电渣锭（Φ~500 mm）锻制而成。M2钢锻坯探伤缺陷率为33.33%~69.23%,主要为中心部位针孔缺陷。分析表明,针孔缺陷是钢锭偏析部位在开坯加热和锻制过程中产生过热形成的。通过将电渣重熔电流由8 000→6 800 A降至7 000→6 000 A,降低电渣重熔速度,开锻温度由1070~1090℃降至1030~1060℃,终锻温度由960~980℃C降至900~950℃以降低中间坯的中心温度等工艺措施,使M2钢Φ183 mm锻坯的探伤缺陷率由50%降低到5.71%。

Morphology,microstructure and decomposition behavior of M2C carbides in high speed steel

The morphology,microstructure and decomposition behavior of M2C carbides in high speed steels with different chemical compositions have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,electron backscatter diffraction and X-ray diffraction.The results show that the morphology and substructure of M2C carbides are very sensitive to chemical compositions of high speed steels.M2C carbides present the plate-like shape in tungsten-molybdenum steel and present the polycrystal orientation in the eutectic cell.In contrast,they show the fibrous shape in molybdenum-base steel and exhibit the monocrystal orientation.Plate-like and fibrous M2C carbides are both metastable and decompose into M6 C together with MC at high temperatures.MC nucleates inside the plate-like M2C while it is formed at the fibrous M2C/matrix interface during the decomposition process.Such differences are expected to arise from different compositions of plate-like and fibrous M2C carbides.

Effect of Mischmetal on As-cast Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of M2 High Speed Steel

High speed steel has been widely used in various fields due to their excellent red hardness and good wear resistance. However, the influence of mischmetal （Ce-La） on the as-cast microstructures and mechanical properties of high speed steel has rarely been reported. Thus, the microstructure and mechanical properties of M2 high speed steel with addition of mischmetal （Ce-La） were investigated. The morphology and distribution of the eutectic carbides of the steel were observed by using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the impact toughness and bending strength were tested. The results show that adding mischmetal has an obvious effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of M2 high speed steel. The coarse eutectic structure is refined, the weak connection of the carbide networks is broken and the flake carbides become short and fine. More networks of eutectic carbides dissolve into the matrix. When a suitable adding content of mischmetal is selected, for example, 0.3 mass%, the impact strength and bending strength can increase by 27% and 10.76% compared with that without misehmetal, respectively.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings deposited by arc ion plating with separate targets

TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings were prepared by arc ion plating with separate targets. In order to decrease the unfavorable macroparticles, a straight magnetized filter was used for the low melting aluminium target. The results show that the output plasmas of titanium target without filter and aluminium target with filter reach the substrate with the same order of magnitude. Meanwhile, the number of macropartieles in TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings deposited with separate targets is only 1/10-1/3 of that deposited with alloy target reported in literature. Al atom addition may lead to the decrease of peak at （200） lattice plane and strengthening of peak at （111） and （220） lattice planes. The measured hardness of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings accords with the mixture principle and the maximum hardness is HV2495. The adhesion strength reaches 75 N.

Decomposition of the Coarse Primary Carbides in the M2 High Speed Steels Containing Silicon

The carbides of high speed steels have a determinant influence on their properties, and the control of the carbides has been a hot topic in development of high speed steels. The decomposition of the coarse primary M2C carbide in the as-cast M2 high speed steels with Silicon addition and without Silicon addition was investigated by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Both the M2 high speed steel and the M2-1Si steel were heated at 1000 and 1150 ℃, the soaking time were 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 4 h, respectively. The results showed that the decomposition of M2C carbides to M6C and MC carbides occurred during heating at 1000 ℃,the degree of the decomposition became obvious with the increase of heating time or addition of silicon. After the tested steels were heated at 1000 ℃ for 1 h, the primary M2C carbides in the M2-1Si steel had decomposed into M6C and MC completely, but the decomposition of the primary M2C carbides in the M2 steel was incomplete. Silicon addition was found to accelerate the decomposition of the coarse primary M2C carbides during heating and to inhibit the growth and coarseness of the decomposition products.

The Laser Transformation Hardening Mechanism of High Speed Steel W_6Mo_5Cr_4V_2

The application of laser surface melting in the laser heat treatment of high speedsteel causes low hardness, so the subsequent quenching and tempering processesare needed. And by means of transformation hardening techniques, ultrahighhardness 】HV1000 can be obtained.In this case, the subsequent quenching pro-cess can be saved, and the wear and scuffing resistances can be considerably im-proved. However, the laser transformation hardening mechanism has not beenunderstood clearly. The laser transformation hardening mechanism of high speedsteel W6Mo5Cr4V2 has been studied in the present note by TEM and X-ray diffractionmethod in order to provide a theoretical basis for application.

干式铣削300 M超高强度钢刀具磨损试验研究

针对300 M超高强度钢在加工过程中因刀具磨损造成的刀具快速失效问题,采用硬质合金涂层刀具进行了300 M钢干式铣削试验研究;通过极差分析法研究了铣削参数对刀具磨损的影响规律;以铣削速度为单一变量进行单因素试验,对刀具的磨损形式进行了分析,最后通过能谱分析揭示了刀具的磨损机理。试验结果表明:铣削速度对刀具磨损的影响最大,进给速度次之,铣削宽度最小。铣削速度越高,刀具磨损、崩刃现象越严重。刀具在磨损过程中依次经过涂层脱落,硬质合金基体材料磨损和崩刃3个阶段。刀具前刀面的月牙洼磨损随铣削速度和铣削长度的增加而增大。刀具的磨损机理为磨粒磨损、粘结磨损和氧化磨损。

低温微量润滑高速加工300 M钢刀具磨损研究

针对难加工材料300 M钢的加工性能差、刀具磨损严重等问题,进行了干式与低温微量润滑两种加工条件下的高速铣削300 M钢刀具磨损试验。采用超景深显微镜观察了刀具的磨损形貌,通过电子扫描显微镜(SEM)分析了刀具的磨损机理。结果表明:PVD涂层保护刀具的效果好于无涂层刀具和CVD涂层刀具;冷风温度为-45℃、空气压力为0.7 MPa、油量为40 mL/h时,低温微量润滑技术的作用效果最佳;兼顾加工质量与加工效率时,铣削速度定为400 m/min为宜;相比于干式切削,低温微量润滑技术能够有效降低刀片磨粒磨损、刀片表面的粘结磨损、后刀面边界处的氧化磨损,以及轻度的扩散磨损。

PCBN刀具高速切削抗氢钢HR-2的性能研究

采用不同CBN含量和晶粒结构的PCBN刀具,在不同切削速度下进行了HR-2抗氢钢的高速精密切削试验。通过对PCBN刀具前、后刀面的显微形貌特征进行观测,分析了刀具的失效磨损机理,研究了不同CBN含量及不同切削速度对刀具使用寿命的影响。对刀具磨损的测量结果表明,PCBN刀具高速切削HR-2时,CBN含量高的刀具显示出更长的使用寿命,且在130-200m/min区间为最佳切削速度区域。SEM和EDS分析结果表明,高速精密切削HR-2的磨损机理为氧化磨损、扩散磨损、粘结磨损,同时存在磨粒磨损以及引起的微崩刃现象。

PCBN刀具高速切削抗氢钢HR-2的性能研究

采用不同CBN含量和晶粒结构的PCBN刀具,在不同切削速度下进行了HR-2抗氢钢的高速精密切削试验。对刀具磨损的测量结果表明,PCBN刀具高速切削HR-2时,CBN含量高的刀具显示出更长的使用寿命,且在130~200 m/min区间为最佳切削速度区域。SEM和EDS分析结果表明,高速精密切削HR-2的磨损机理为氧化磨损、扩散磨损、粘结磨损,同时存在磨粒磨损以及引起的微崩刃现象。

一种5G基站用PCB的压合填孔研究

在5G基站56 bps主板设计中,常用到高频材料与高速材料混压的M+2结构。针对M+2结构的印制电路板(PCB),在常规生产工艺中的二次压合之前,需要先使用树脂塞孔将2个子板的过孔填实。但树脂塞孔流程长,且子板叠构不对称,板翘影响其他工序加工。主要介绍一种半固化片(PP)三明治塞孔工艺替代树脂塞孔工艺,对于M+2钻带结构的板,使用本工艺时,子板在二次压合前,盲孔不需要做树脂塞孔。在二次压合的时候,直接使用PP填孔,既能保证填孔的饱满度、各项PCB品质要求,又能减少流程,降低加工成本,并且还能大幅度提升生产效率。