Buckling analysis of super-long rock-socketed filling piles in soft soil area by element free Galerkin method

In order to discuss the buckling stability of super-long rock-socketed filling piles widely used in bridge engineering in soft soil area such as Dongting Lake, the second stability type was adopted instead of traditional first type, and a newly invented numerical analysis method, i.e. the element-free Galerkin method (EFGM), was introduced to consider the non-concordant deformation and nonlinearity of the pile-soil interface. Then, based on the nonlinear elastic-ideal plastic pile-soil interface model, a nonlinear iterative algorithm was given to analyze the pile-soil interaction, and a program for buckling analysis of piles by the EFGM (PBAP-EFGM) and arc length method was worked out as well. The application results in an engineering example show that, the shape of pile top load-settlement curve obtained by the program agrees well with the measured one, of which the difference may be caused mainly by those uncertain factors such as possible initial defects of pile shaft and the eccentric loading during the test process. However, the calculated critical load is very close with the measured ultimate load of the test pile, and the corresponding relative error is only 5.6%, far better than the calculated values by linear and nonlinear incremental buckling analysis (with a greater relative error of 37.0% and 15.4% respectively), which also verifies the rationality and feasibility of the present method.

Theoretical analysis of a row of piles as passive barriers and an equivalent in-filled trench model

A theoretical study on the ground vibration isolation efficiency by a row of piles as passive barrier in a three-dimensional context was presented. The analysis was accomplished with the aid of integral equations governing Rayleigh wave scattering, used to predict the complicated Rayleigh wave field generated by a number of irregular scatters embedded in an elastic half-space. Then, the passive isolation effectiveness of a row of piles for screening Rayleigh wave was studied in detail. The effects of relevant parameters on the screening effectiveness were investigated and analyzed from the perspective of equivalence with in-filled trench. The results show that using a row of rigid piles as wave barrier is more effective than that of flexible ones, and an optimum reduction of vibration can be achieved either by increasing the size of piles or by decreasing the net spacing between the piles. Finally, based on the derived integral equation for Rayleigh wave scattering, the principle of equivalent modeling of the barrier of piles by an in-filled trench is put forward, which simplifies the analysis of vibration isolation by a row of piles.

An Approach to Stability Analysis of Embedded Large-Diameter Cylinder Quay

The large-diameter cylinder structure, which is made of large successive bottomless cylinders placed on foundation bed or partly driven into soil, is a recently developed retaining structure in China. It can be used in port, coastal and offshore works. The method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder structure, especially for stability analysis of the embedded large-diameter cylinder structure, is an important issue. In this paper, an idea is presented that is, embedded large-diameter cylinder quays can be divided into two types, i.e. the gravity wall type and the cylinder pile wall type. A method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the cylinder pile wall type is developed and a method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the gravity wall type is also proposed. The effect of significant parameters on the stability of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the cylinder pile wall type is investigated through numerical calculation.

Study on the squeezing effect of open-ended pipe piles

During the installation of a pipe pile,the soil around the pile will be squeezed out. This paper deals with this squeezing effect of open-ended pipe piles using the cylindrical cavity expansion theory. The characteristics of soil with different tension and compression moduli and dilation are involved by applying the elastic theory with different moduli and logarithmic strain. The closed-form solutions of the radius of the plastic region,the displacement of the boundary between the plastic region and the elastic region and the expansion pressure on the external surface of the pipe piles are obtained. When obtaining these solutions,the soil plug in the open-ended pipe pile is considered by employing an incremental filling ratio to quantify the degree of soil plugging. Moreover,the effects of the ratio of tension and compression moduli,angle of dilation and incremental filling ratio on the radius of the plastic region and the expansion pressure on the external surface of the pipe pile are investigated. The parametric analyses show that it is necessary and important to consider the difference between the tension modulus and compression modulus,dilation angle and incremental filling ratio for studying the squeezing effect of open-ended pipe pile installation. It is concluded that the analytical solutions presented in this paper are suitable for studying the squeezing effect of open-ended pipe piles.

杂填土地基中螺杆桩竖向承载特性研究

为了研究杂填土地基中螺杆桩竖向承载特性,基于极限平衡理论分析了桩-土咬合机理,结合桩-土之间的相互作用得到螺纹段等效侧阻力增大系数,在此基础上建立了单桩竖向承载力计算公式,并对杂填土地基中螺杆桩单桩进行缩尺模型试验。结果表明,螺杆桩在竖向荷载作用下,荷载-沉降曲线经历了弹性、弹塑性、塑性破坏3个阶段。根据模型试验所得桩身轴力和桩侧等效侧阻力沿深度的分布规律,总体上螺纹段等效侧阻力高于直杆段。当桩体达到极限承载力时,试验所得等效侧阻力扩大系数与理论分析结果基本一致。

埋深和水土含量对松散岩堆抗剪强度的影响

针对松散岩堆剪切力弱会引起滑坡、崩塌等严重自然灾害的问题,运用相似理论,以石英砂为基本岩块、黏性土为填充土,配置相似材料,分别控制不同填充土含量和含水率并进行三轴试验,研究不同埋深下填充土的含量和含水率对松散岩堆抗剪强度的影响。结果表明:填充土的含量和含水率是松散岩堆咬合力和内摩擦角的关键影响因素,咬合力受影响程度更大;填土中的水对于松散岩堆的剪切力起着削弱作用;岩堆剪切力随着埋深的增加而增加,不同埋深处岩堆有相同的最佳填充土含量和含水率;在恒定岩堆土重度情况下,抗剪强度和埋深呈线性关系。

杂填土地层深基坑微型桩-锚-撑组合支护体系受力特性原位试验

为深入研究杂填土地层深基坑桩-锚-撑组合支护体系受力特性,依托青岛市某深基坑工程开展微型桩-锚-撑原位试验,分析不同开挖工况下双排微型钢管桩桩身弯矩与预应力锚索轴力的演化规律,揭示该支护体系下前、后排桩的受力性状、预应力锚索应力分布特征,探讨邻近建筑物、基坑暴露时间及钢支撑拆除对该支护体系内力的影响。研究结果表明:1)在基坑开挖过程中,前排桩在受力中起主导作用;当开挖至基底时,桩身最大正、负弯矩极值呈现增大趋势,且极值点不断下移,开挖面以上桩身弯矩均呈正“S”型分布。2)开挖深度增加引起开挖面上、下1.0 m范围内桩身弯矩显著增大,前排桩桩身的反弯点分别位于钢支撑下方0.5 m、开挖面位置。3)在开挖过程中,锚索轴力沿埋深方向呈现减小趋势,锚固段前端1.5 m之后的轴力基本不变或呈微小波动。4)锚索锚固段应力高度集中在锚固段前端4.0 m以内的区域,约为锚固段长度的44%,锚固段末端基本未产生轴力,可对该段长度进行优化处理。5)邻近建筑物对微型钢管桩桩身受力影响较小;随着基坑暴露时间增加,桩身弯矩呈微小增长趋势;钢支撑拆除后,前排桩的弯矩变化集中在0.38H~0.96H(H为基坑开挖深度)。6)桩-锚-撑组合支护体系能够较好地限制基坑变形,选择合理的支撑预应力是该类基坑设计的关键。

深基坑咬合桩力学性状影响因素及敏感性分析

在淤泥填海地层开挖基坑往往会使围护结构产生严重变形,导致基坑失稳或垮塌。本文依托深圳某地铁明挖区间淤泥填海地层基坑工程,利用理正软件模拟深基坑开挖全过程,根据现场实测数据与模拟数据对比验证了模型的正确性,对该基坑咬合桩围护结构力学性状的影响因素进行分析,并基于正交试验分析其敏感性。结果表明:(1)围护结构嵌入深度与围护结构变形及受力性状密切相关;(2)当地面超载15 kPa、坑外水位7 m、围护结构混凝土强度C35及其嵌入深度10 m、土的黏聚力和内摩擦角均为原来的1.2倍时,围护结构变形及受力最小(I1II3III2IV3V3VI3是最佳组合);(3)对基坑围护结构水平位移、弯矩的最大影响因素分别是土的内摩擦角、围护结构嵌入深度。

深厚杂填土地基挤密桩加固效果试验研究

在深厚杂填土场地地基处理时,挤密桩由于较好的适用性和经济性而得到广泛应用。但是,在挤密桩的加固效果计算上尚有诸多不足。在夯扩挤密桩试验研究中,通过设置观测标点,研究在以粉土、砂质粉土、黏土及碎石素填土为主的深厚杂填土场地夯扩挤密桩地基处理的效果,判断夯扩挤密桩挤密影响范围,并采用干密度试验比照分析,对定位点测量的结果进行验证。通过综合分析得到挤密桩较精确的地基加固范围,并分析竖直方向加固效果的变化,为类似工程设计提供参考。

双排桩与扶壁式挡墙组合结构在高填方边坡加固中的应用分析

陕北某住宅小区位于填沟造地形成的填方地基上,采用桩基础穿透填土层支撑于下部中风化砂岩层以满足竖向承载力要求,而小区外侧高填土边坡(高度20m)未进行防护,现状稳定性较差,不能满足规范要求。根据现状边坡勘察结果,分析高填方边坡变形失稳机理及现场施工条件等因素,采用刚度较大的双排桩与扶壁式挡墙组合结构加固高填方边坡,并对桩周进行双液法压密注浆加固,取得良好加固效果。本文就双排桩与扶壁式挡墙组合结构加固机理、设计要点及加固效果检验进行论述,希望对类似的高填方边坡加固工程提供参考。

临岩堆边坡填方高速公路稳定性评价研究

西南地区地质条件较差,广泛存在松散岩堆边坡,天然岩堆呈极限平衡状态,具有潜在失稳风险。在岩堆边坡新建填路,在外力作用下岩堆边坡极限平衡打破,填方道路可能出现失稳,填方边坡薄弱面发生局部或整体滑动,威胁高速公路工程建设。本文以云南岩堆边坡填方高速公路为典型实例,通过收集资料岩堆内部沉积结构特征,反演分析岩堆边坡稳定状态和参数,进一步分析运用数值模拟分析得到填方道路稳定性与变形破坏之间的关系,验证了加固岩堆边坡填方道路稳定特性,证明施工方案的可靠性。

济南某石灰岩区高速桥桩底沉渣缺陷处理研究

灌注桩的沉渣问题一直是业内关注和研究的重点之一,基本可分为沉渣的成因、沉渣厚度的测量、清孔除渣、后注浆、沉渣缺陷的检测、沉渣缺陷桩的处理这6个研究内容。沉渣缺陷桩的处理,可根据沉渣的严重程度归纳为5种方法。以济南平阴县石灰岩丘陵区某高速桥梁大直径嵌岩灌注桩项目为例,分析了岩溶及其充填物、风化砂岩夹层、泥质条带灰岩层等不良地层条件;选取某棵沉渣缺陷桩,分析了其声波透射法检测结果;重点论述沉渣厚度和分布范围;采用钻杆高压水旋喷、两孔连通交替冲洗清渣;用孔内电视确认清渣效果;最后采用压力注浆,向清渣后形成的空洞内注入P.O 52.5纯水泥浆,成功处理了沉渣缺陷。相关工艺可为相关工程提供参考。

周期性多层排桩低频隔振及衰减域拓宽研究

针对10 Hz以下的低频轨道交通振动,提出一种截面带孔软体层多层桩,通过频散曲线研究软体层填充率对带隙的影响;通过频域分析,研究排桩数量影响,并提出带隙中心频率连续的排桩组合方式来拓宽衰减域;最后,通过时域曲线研究组合排桩对宽低频振动的衰减性能。结果表明:降低软体层填充率可以有效降低带隙频率,极易获得10 Hz以下的低频带隙;当软体层填充率大于80%时带隙频率随软体层填充率减小而迅速减小,当软体层填充率小于80%时带隙频率随软体层填充率减小而缓慢减小;中心频段连续时多类排桩组合频率响应曲线和单类排桩类似,可以平稳拓宽衰减域,且桩基类型越多衰减域越宽;组合多层排桩可以对宽低频振动波产生良好阻隔效应,隔振的根本原因是大部分入射波在排桩局域共振作用下转变成了反射波。

柱锤冲扩桩处理深厚填土地基实例分析

以河北省保定市某深厚填土地基处理项目为例,对柱锤冲扩桩处理深厚填土地基的效果进行分析。结合设计条件、工程地质条件、周边环境条件及经验,经过对比分析,地下车库区域采用柱锤冲扩桩复合地基处理方案,主楼采用柱锤冲扩桩+CFG桩复合地基处理方案。为了验证柱锤冲扩桩地基处理的有效性,在正式施工前进行了小区试验,采用圆锥动力触探试验、静载荷试验对处理效果进行评价。根据小区试验结果,施工设计方案增加浅表层地基土碾压措施。地基检测结果满足设计要求,说明地基处理方案是合理可行的,为类似项目的地基处理提供了参考。

河道工程施工围堰技术与实施要点分析

为提高河道施工质量,提高水资源开发利用效率。通过对河道施工围堰进行研究,分析施工围堰技术的工艺做法和适用范围。对吹填围堰、桩模围堰、钢板桩围堰3种常见围堰技术进行论述,明确河道施工围堰在现场施工期间的实施要点。从排水堵漏和施工监测2个层面探讨河道工程施工围堰技术应用的注意事项。结果表明,通过对施工围堰技术的应用,可以有效改善河水在河道里流通性,减少在施工中对一些土石的破坏,提高施工建设的生产效率,促进河道工程的良性生产建设。

高压旋喷型圆形复合支护桩在深厚填土质斜坡工程中的应用及探讨

以某市政道路项目为实例,阐述了普通圆形支护桩在深厚填土质斜坡实施过程中遇到的刚度不足及塌孔等问题,提出了一种较为稳定可靠的高压旋喷圆形复合支护桩。该结构主要由高压旋喷复合土及钢筋混凝土圆形支护桩组成,为桩土复合支护结构,由高压旋喷固结体及圆形支护桩一起承担水平土压力,具有防止垮孔,提高支护桩刚度及桩周土体物理力学指标等优点。在分析复合型支护桩受力特征基础上,通过理论推导,得到桩截面刚度提高公式。应用结果表明:采用高压旋喷型圆形复合支护桩可以有效提高桩身刚度,减小支护桩使用阶段水平位移,同时解决了桩基施工过程中垮孔问题,对填土斜坡上的支护桩有一定的普适性。

柱锤冲扩桩技术在杂填土路基处理中的应用

随着城市化发展,生产建设过程中产生的大量建筑垃圾堆积形成的杂填土层不仅造成了严重的环境污染,也因其可压缩性高、成分复杂和结构松软严重影响公路工程建设。合理地利用这些建筑垃圾并且增强杂填土层的承载性是目前城市发展和工程建设的重要课题。依托山西省阳城县滨河东路延长线坡底段综合工程项目,对K0+000-K0+650路段路基下的深厚杂填土层展开研究,通过室内实验获取场地各岩土层物理力学性质,在此基础上针对不同的路基加固方案根据其在本工程中的适用性进行比选,结果显示柱锤冲扩桩作为一种在土桩挤密法和强夯技术基础上发展来的加固技术在本工程中的适用性较高。进一步对柱锤冲扩桩法的设计方案和施工工艺进行说明,最后通过单桩静荷载试验和复合地基静荷载试验验证路基加固效果,结果表明采用柱锤冲扩桩法加固后的路基,其承载力得到提高且满足设计要求。本次研究为杂填土路基的处理设计和施工提供了科学依据,同时也对柱锤冲扩桩法在杂填土路基中的应用效果进行了验证。

浙西南山区填方边坡加固措施及稳定性分析

以浙西南山区填方边坡区为研究对象,结合室内试验分析水泥土的力学性质;采用有限差分软件的强度折减法和极限平衡法,研究搅拌桩结构参数变化对加固边坡的影响规律,分析搅拌桩加固后边坡的稳定性。结果表明,水泥可提高土体的强度,但效果有限;增加围压,水泥土由脆性破坏逐渐转为塑性破坏;改变桩水平分布数量,对提高边坡稳定性效果不显著;改变桩加固位置对边坡稳定性的影响较大,选取合适的加固位置是加固边坡的关键。

填土钢板桩围堰结构计算及关键施工技术

结合龙门大桥东引桥下构施工现场情况,提出了适用于半海半岛区域的填土钢板桩围堰施工工艺。采用有限元计算软件Midas Civil对填土钢板桩围堰在不同工况下的受力进行验算,验证填土钢板桩围堰结构的承载力。优化填土钢板桩围堰工艺的工艺流程,得出相应关键施工技术。

斜顶板桩承台接岸结构优化设计

针对斜顶板桩承台接岸结构造价较高的问题,结合洋山港区实际应用情况进行优化设计研究。采用与已建结构相同的计算方法进行使用条件和结构受力特点的对比分析,得出类似结构在软土地基的大型集装箱码头中应用可以显著优化结构。采取分级实施墙后棱体、取消后排支撑桩、利用组合钢板桩优化密排钢管板桩、将承台简化为导梁等优化措施,形成一种新的半直立式接岸结构形式,即斜顶板桩结构。结果表明:斜顶板桩与下级棱体组成的独立稳定结构体系较好地适应了前期软土地基高填土的变形特点和后期上部结构的使用要求。新结构更合理地利用桩基结构承载能力,明显提高了经济性,有利于在软基地区的类似工程中推广。