Mass transfer mechanism and relationship of gas–liquid annular flow in a microfluidic cross-junction device

Mass transfer performance of gas–liquid two-phase flow at microscale is the basis of application of microreactor in gas–liquid reaction systems.At present,few researches on the mass transfer property of annular flow have been reported.Therefore,the mass transfer mechanism and relationship of gas–liquid annular flow in a microfluidic cross-junction device are studied in the present study.We find that the main factors,i.e.,flow pattern,liquid film thickness,liquid hydraulic retention time,phase interface fluctuation,and gas flow vorticity,which influence the flow mass transfer property,are directly affected both by gas and liquid flow velocities.But the influences of gas and liquid velocities on different mass transfer influencing factors are different.Thereout,the fitting relationships between gas and liquid flow velocities and mass transfer influencing factors are established.By comparing the results from calculations using fitting equations and simulations,it shows that the fitting equations have relatively high degrees of accuracy.Finally,the Pareto front,namely the Pareto optimal solution set,of gas and liquid velocity conditions for the best flow mass transfer property is obtained using the method of multi-objective particle swarm optimization.It is proved that the mass transfer property of the gas–liquid two-phase flow can be obviously enhanced under the guidance of the obtained Pareto optimal solution set through experimental verification.

Annular multiphase flow behavior during deep water drilling and the effect of hydrate phase transition

It is very important to understand the annular multiphase flow behavior and the effect of hydrate phase transition during deep water drilling. The basic hydrodynamic models, including mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations, were established for annular flow with gas hydrate phase transition during gas kick. The behavior of annular multiphase flow with hydrate phase transition was investigated by analyzing the hydrate-forming region, the gas fraction in the fluid flowing in the annulus, pit gain, bottom hole pressure, and shut-in casing pressure. The simulation shows that it is possible to move the hydrate-forming region away from sea floor by increasing the circulation rate. The decrease in gas volume fraction in the annulus due to hydrate formation reduces pit gain, which can delay the detection of well kick and increase the risk of hydrate plugging in lines. Caution is needed when a well is monitored for gas kick at a relatively low gas production rate, because the possibility of hydrate presence is much greater than that at a relatively high production rate. The shut-in casing pressure cannot reflect the gas kick due to hydrate formation, which increases with time.

Simple Model for Gas Holdup and Liquid Velocity of Annular Photocatalytic External-Loop Airlift Reactor Under both Bubble and Developing Slug Flow

Based on the momentum conservation approach, a theoretical model was developed to predict the superficial liquid velocity, and a correlation equation was established to calculate the gas holdup of an annular external-loop airlift reactor(AELAR)in the bubble flow and developing slug flow pattern. Experiments were performed by using tap-water and silicone oil with the viscosity of 2.0 mm^2/s(2cs-SiO)and 5.0 mm^2/s(5cs-SiO)as liquid phases. The effects of liquid viscosity and flow pattern on the AELAR performance were investigated. The predictions of the proposed model were in good agreement with the experimental results of the AELAR. In addition, the comparison of the experimental results shows that the proposed model has good accuracy and could be used to predict the gas holdup and liquid velocity of an AELAR operating in bubble and developing flow pattern.

Influence of Rotating Speed Ratio on the Annular Turbulent Flow between Two Rotating Cylinders

Rotating flows represent a very interesting area for researchers and industry for their extensive use in industrial and domestic machinery and especially for their great energy potential, annular flows are an example that draws the attention of researchers in recent years. The best design and optimization of these devices require knowledge of thermal, mechanical and hydrodynamic characteristics of flows circulating in these devices. An example of hydrodynamic parameters is the speed of rotation of the moving walls. This work is to study numerically the influence of the rotating speed ratio Γ of the two moving cylinders on the mean and especially on the turbulent quantities of the turbulent flow in the annular space. The numerical simulation is based on one-point statistical modeling using a low Reynolds number second-order full stress transport closure (RSM model), simulation code is not a black box but a completely transparent code where we can intervene at any step of the calculation. We have varied Γ from -1.0 to 1.0 while maintaining always the external cylinder with same speed Ω. The results show that the turbulence structure, profiles of mean velocities and the nature of the boundary layers of the mobile walls depend enormously on the ratio of speeds. The level of turbulence measured by the kinetic energy of turbulence and the Reynolds stresses shows well that the ratio Γ is an interesting parameter to exploit turbulence in this kind of annular flows.

Effect of Radial Resistance Gap on the Pressure Drop of a Compact Annular-Radial-Orifice Flow Magnetorheological Valve

A compact annular-radial-orifice flow magnetorheological(MR)valve was developed to investigate the effects of radial resistance gap on pressure drop.The fluid flow paths of this proposed MR valve consist of a single annular flow channel,a single radial flow channel and an orifice flow channel through structure design.The finite element modelling and simulation analysis of the MR valve was carried out using ANSYS/Emag software to investigate the changes of the magnetic flux density and yield stress along the fluid flow paths under the four different radial resistance gaps.Moreover,the experimental tests were also conducted to evaluate the pressure drop,showing that the proposed MR valve has significantly improved its pressure drop at 0.5 mm width of the radial resistance gap when the annular resistance gap is fixed at 1 mm.

The axisymmetric long-wave interfacial stability of core-annular flow of power-law fluid with surfactant

The long wave stability of core-annular flow of power-law fluids with an axial pressure gradient is investigated at low Reynolds number. The interface between the two fluids is populated with an insoluble surfactant. The analytic solution for the growth rate of perturbation is obtained with long wave approximation. We are mainly concerned with the effects of shear-thinning/thickening property and interfacial surfactant on the flow stability. The results show that the influence of shear-thinning/thickening property accounts to the change of the capillary number. For a clean interface, the shear-thinning property enhances the capillary instability when the interface is close to the pipe wall. The converse is true when the interface is close to the pipe centerline. For shear-thickening fluids, the situation is reversed. When the interface is close to the pipe centerline, the capillary instability can be restrained due to the influence of surfactant. A parameter set can be found under which the flow is linearly stable.

MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC PIPE FLOW IN DUCTS WITH PARTIAL CIRCULAR RING CROSS SECTION AND ANNULAR CROSS SECTION

In this paper we use the Green function method to solve the problem of steady one dimensional flow of an incompressible viscous, electrically conducting fluid through a pipe with partial circular ring cross sec- tion and one with annular cross section, in the presence of an applied transverse uniform magnetic field, We ob- tain analytic solutions and carry out some numerical calculations of the velocity distribution and induced magnet- ic field.

Slip flow in an annular sector duct using radial eigenfunctions

The fully developed slip flow in an annular sector duct is solved by expansions of eigenfunctions in the radial direction and boundary collocation on the straight sides. The method is efficient and accurate. The flow field for slip flow differs much from that of no-slip flow. The Poiseuille number increases with increased inner radius, opening angle, and decreases with slip.

Entrance Region Flow of Herschel-Bulkley Fluid in an Annular Cylinder

The entrance region flow of a Herschel-Bulkley fluid in an annular cylinder has been investigated numerically without making prior assumptions on the form of velocity profile within the boundary layer region. This velocity distribution is determined as part of the procedure by cross sectional integration of the momentum differential equation for a given distance z from the channel entrance. Using the macroscopic mass and momentum balance equation, the entrance length at each cross section of the entrance region of the annuli and pressure distribution have been calculated for specific values of Herschel-Bulkley number and various values of aspect ratio and flow behavior index. The effects of non-Newtonian characteristics and channel width on the velocity profile, pressure distribution and the entrance length have been discussed.

Perturbation Solutions for Annular Flow of Small Gap

The perturbation method is used to solve the control equations of a three-dimensional annular flow inside a small gap. The nonlinear equations are separated into zeroth-order and first-order perturbation equations. The velocity and pressure distributions are solved successively by different numerical methods with the zeroth-order and first-order equation. Agreement in results is found with the present method and software ANSYS-CFX, which illustrates the applicability of perturbation method in solving complicated flow field inside small gaps.

Design and Enhancement of Thermal Flow Characteristic in an Annular Diffuser under Turbulent Flow

The annular diffuser is an expansion area, which, despite its simple structure, is very important in some engineering and thermal applications. In the present research, numerical simulations were performed to investigate the temperature field and flow structure characteristics in an annular diffuser. The hub of the annular diffuser consisted of a straight semi-dimpled tube SSDT. Three different diffuser wall angles (α) 1.8°, 3.6° and 5.4° with inlet Reynolds number 1.5 × 104?were studied in details with air as a working fluid. The computational fluid dynamics CFD was used to simulate the model in a turbulent flow. The standard k-ε turbulence model was used to complete the governing equations. The numerical results, mainly the temperature distribution, pressure drop and velocity distribution for the airflow in the annular diffuser fitted with SSDT for different diffuser wall angles α were obtained and compared. It was observed that as the wall diffuser angle α increases, the enhancement of the temperature distribution and the velocity distribution decrease while the pressure drop rate increases. The maximum temperature distribution and velocity distribution were completed by diffuser wall angle α1 = 1.8° whereas, the highest pressure drop achieved by diffuser wall angle α3 = 5.4°.

Boundary Estimation in Annular Two-Phase Flow Using Electrical Impedance Tomography with Particle Swarm Optimization

In this study we consider the boundary estimation of annular two-phase flow in a pipe with the potential distribution on the electrodes mounted on the outer boundary of the pipe, by taking use of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) technique with the numerical solution obtained from an improved boundary distributed source (IBDS) method. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to iteratively seek the boundary configuration. The simulation results showed that PSO and EIT technique with numerical solution obtained from IBDS has been successfully applied to the monitoring of an annular two-phase flow.

Unsteady Rotative Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluid in an Annular Pipe

This paper .Studies power law no-Newtonian fluid rotative flow. in an annularpipe. The governing equation is nonlinear one, we linearized the governing equationby assuming that partial factor is at state. With Laplace transform we obtain ananalytical solution of the problem In the paper several groups of curves are given.these curves reflect the temporal change law and. spatial distribution of fluid velocity.In addition.we study the effection of power law index on the flow field the resultindicates that when the power law index n < l. the flow velocity is highly sensitive tothe index. and this fact is importanl in related engineering decisions.

ON THE THROUGHFLOW WITH SWIRLING INFLOW IN ANNULAR DIFFUSER

In this paper, a throughflow with swirling inflow in an annular diffuser is calculated. Under the assumption of small cross-flow, the flow near inner and outer wall surfaces is calculated based on the three-dimensional momentum integral equation of the boundary layer. The potential flow outside the boundary layer is computed by means of the iteration method based on the velocity gradient equation along the quasi-orthogonal direction of the meridional projection of the stream-line on the meridional surface and the constancy of flux equation[1]. The numerical results agree with the experiments quite well. This method is useful for analyzing the throughflow with pre-swirl in the annular diffuser.

Numerical Simulation of Aspect Ratio Effect on Turbulent Annular Flows

The control of energy in various industrial applications passes by the comprehension of the phenomena of transfers especially in complex flows. The structure of the turbulent flow in the cavities in rotation depends on several parameters like the Reynolds number of rotation Ra and the aspect ratio of the cavity. The purpose of this work is to simulate numerically the effect of the aspect ratio on the level of turbulence in the annular steady flow with an incompressible fluid for three different configurations. In the first, the interior cylinder is fixed and the external is moving. The second configuration is the reverse. The third is the contra-rotating cylinders. For all these configurations, we varied the aspect ratio from 0.5 to 2.5. The numerical tool is based on a statistical model in a point using the closing of the second order of the transport equations of the Reynolds stresses （Reynolds Stress Model： RSM）. The results of our numerical simulation show that this geometrical parameter can be an interesting factor to increase the level of turbulence that is often required in several industrial applications where the economy and the control of energy are always required.

Study on dryout point and heat transfer in subcooled flow boiling through vertical narrow annular channels

The purpose of this study is to conduct the dryout point and heat transfer correlation for subcooled boiling flow in narrow annuli. First, the dryout point of subcooled flow boiling of water was measured in narrow annular channels under the working condition of pressure ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 MPa and low mass flow rate from 6 to 60 kgm^-2 s^-1. Experimental test channels were annular and heated bilaterally with the channel gap of lmm and 1.5mm, and heated length of 1500mm.The location of the dryout was observed and measured by experiment with investigating the various system parameter effects on dryout point, and the results show that the location of dryout point is basically stable and repeating and the heat transfer coefficient increased with heat flux, mass flux and pressure, however, decreases with the gap size. Next, new correlations of CHF and critical vapor quality for narrow annular channels was proposed and calculation results shown a good agreement with the experimental data.

聚丙烯酰胺对高黏油-水环状流流动特性的影响

针对稠油水环输送的水环流动改进问题,提出稠油流动边界层在聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)水环作用下的模拟实验方法,基于自主研发设计的室内油-水两相流可视化环道实验装置,采用500#白油模拟旅大稠油,实验研究了稠油-水环状流外环水相中添加PAM前后的流型特征与阻力特性,评价了PAM对水环润滑的协同减阻效果,分析了PAM对水环流动稳定性的作用机理。实验结果表明:PAM对稠油-水环状流的流型特征与阻力特性均有显著影响,使环状流的分布区域缩小,其缩减区域转变为分层流和塞状流,当其为分层流时减阻作用丧失;当油相表观流速为0.23~0.90m/s时,PAM减阻率随含水率增加先迅速增大后缓慢减小,在测试范围内最高达35%。研究结果可为稠油水环输送工艺优化提供理论指导和技术支持,也可为稠油管输流动改进提供新理念与新方法。

环形间隙式层流元件设计及流量特性研究

为了解决传统层流流量计(LFM)线性度不佳、长径比较大、加工使用不便和结构易受流体影响等诸多问题,受双锥流量计的启发,提出了一种环形间隙式层流元件结构,介绍了测量原理和流道内非线性压力损失来源。保持该结构外套筒体和圆柱锥体同轴心,其流道截面为同心圆环,通过CFD仿真确定了锥形导流结构的合理锥形角度,确定了层流元件的尺寸参数。将取压孔设置在流道中充分发展的层流段,理论上消除了传统毛细管式LFM进出口处流动局部损失和层流发展段的动能损失。制作3种不同间隙大小的试件并进行试验,结果显示,当测量流量值小于53 mL/min时,层流元件的测量误差在3%以内;当测量流量值在(130~6189)mL/min时,测量误差在±2%以内;层流元件的压差和流量之间具有优秀的线性关系。说明环形间隙式层流元件结构可有效克服传统LFM的非线性影响,同时测量流量范围可随间隙大小变化而改变。

天然气储层裂隙中气-液两相流的流态转变条件数学模型

气-液两相在储层裂隙中流动时可能存在气泡流、段塞流、环雾流等流态,查明流动时流态转变条件能为气-液两相流流态形成机理研究提供依据,有助于天然气井的生产管控。根据气-液两相流不同流态的流动特点,结合连续介质控制理论和动量守恒原理,构建了气泡流-段塞流-环雾状流等流态之间转变的数学模型,确定了各流态间变化的临界条件和主控因素,通过气-液运移产出微观流动物理模拟试验验证了所建数学模型的准确性。结果表明:气-液两相在裂隙中的流态转变是气/液相的物理性质、注气通道孔径、裂隙流动通道孔径、气相流体流速、液相流体流速等因素耦合作用的结果。气泡流与段塞流能否转变主要取决于初生气泡大小、流动通道空间、液相界面波高度;段塞流与环雾流间能否转变取决于气相流体能否击碎液相流体并使之悬浮。不同流态间转变的主要控制因素不同:气泡流与段塞流相互转变的主控因素为裂隙系统的孔径,注气通道孔径越大、流动通道孔径越小,越容易发生段塞流;段塞流与环雾流相互转化的主控制因素为流体流速、气/液相流体的物理性质,气/液相对速度越大、气/液密度差越小、液相表面张力越小,越容易发生环雾流。研究成果能够为天然气储层裂隙中气-液两相流态形成机理和天然气运移产出研究提供理论依据。