Porcine Breeding Management in a Large-scale Piggery with Microbial Fermentation Bed

[Objective] The behavior of eating, drinking, defecating and peeing of 1 500 pigs in a large-scale microbial fermentation bed-equipped piggery was observed. We hoped to find some simple indicators that could reflect the health status of swinery and to provide experience for the swinery performance management in large-scale microbial fermentation bed-equipped piggery. [Method] The body weight （BW）, daily BW gain, feed intake and other indicators of different-day-old pigs were recorded in details. Based on the recorded data, the models between BW, BW gain, average daily feed intake and feed/gain ratio and growth days （d） were established. In addition, the incidences of pox-like macula （dermatitis）, diarrhea （gastrointestinal disease）, cough （respiratory disease）, stiff pig （malnutrition）, conjunctivitis （eye disease） and foot inflection （trauma） among fattening pigs were also investigated. [Result] The BW range, average BW, daily BW gain, breeding days, daily feed intake range, average daily feed intake, staged feed intake, accumulated feed intake, feed/gain ratio and accumulated feed/gain ratio of different-day-old pigs were studied, respectively. Four dynamic models were established for the growth of pigs： （1） the BW （y）-age （x） mod- el： y=0.758 9x-19.883 （3=0.993 7）; （2） the BW gain （y）-age （x） model： y=1.039 5x05051 （F=0.885 4）; （3） the average daily feed intake （y）-age （x） model： y=0.023 5x-0.334 3 （F=0.991 7）; （4） the feed/gain ratio （y）-age （x） model： y=0.022x＋0.427 8 （P=0.988 5）. Based on these models, the corresponding theoretical growth value of pigs at different growth stage could be predicted. The main diseases occurred among the swinery in the large-scale microbial fermentation bed piggery included pox-like macula （dermatitis）, diarrhea （gastrointestinal disease）, cough （respiratory disease）, stiff pig （mal- nutrition）, conjunctivitis （eye disease） and foot inflection （trauma）. The deadly infec- tious diseases had been not found among the pigs. [Conclusion] When the actual BW, BW gain, average daily feed intake and feed/gain ratio were all lower than the theoretical values predicted by the models, the management should be enhanced. The average daily feed intake of 60 to 65-day-old pigs was lower than the theoretic value, indicating that the pigs could not adapt nicely to the fermentation bed at the very early stage. When the pigs grew up to 70 to 75 d old, the average daily feed intake was higher than the theoretical value, indicating that the pigs had adapted to the fermentation bed. In particularly, average daily feed intake of 75-day-old pigs was higher than the theoretical value by 21%. It was suggested the fermentation bed was conducive to the growth of pigs. Considering the occurrence of diseases among pigs, the overall incidence was relatively low. The incidence of each disease was all lower than 10% with little difficulty in treating. If the management of mattress was strength- ened, such as paying attention to feeding and keeping water clean, many diseases could heal by themselves.

Impact of Sharp Fluctuations of Live Pig Prices on Financial Capacity of Pig Breeding Enterprises : An Analysis Based on the Data of Listed Enterprises from 2018 to 2021

Based on the general equilibrium theory of microeconomics,this study first analyzed the causes of sharp fluctuations in live pig prices,and then explored the financial capabilities of enterprises during the sharp fluctuations of live pig prices by using the financial data of 4 typical top listed enterprises from 2018 to 2021.By comparing the changes in the capabilities of enterprises,the impact of price on the financial capability of enterprises and differences were identified.The research results showed that the price of live pigs played a decisive role in enterprise profits,and there were huge differences in the fluctuation period.In the sharp increase period of price,price temptation is easy to cause enterprises to over-invest,resulting in excessive growth of enterprise assets,and increasing the business risk of enterprises.Based on the above conclusions,some policy suggestions were put forward to promote the stable development of industry from the three levels of enterprises,industries and government departments.

Pollution Control Programs of Large-Scale Livestock and Poultry Farms in the Dianchi Lake Basin

With the enlarging scale and intensifying production of livestock and poultry breeding, the environment pollution becomes increasingly prominent in the Dianchi Lake Basin since 1990s. According to the survey of ＂The First National Census of Pollution Sources＂, occurrence and discharge of pollutants in large-scale livestock and poultry farms in this region were first understood. The pollution characteristics of large-scale live- stock and poultry breeding were also analyzed deeply. On this basis, the significance of pollution control programs for environment protection was investigated from aspects of pollution control policy, technology management and publicity.

Problems in the Development of China's Dairy Cow Breeding and the Countermeasures

This article offers an overview of the development of dairy cow breeding in China,and analyzes the problems in the development of dairy cow breeding in China as follows:the breeding scale is small;the pasture grass production cannot meet demand;the proportion of fine breed is not high and the dairy cow yield per unit is low;it lacks epidemic prevention and quarantine mechanism;economic benefits of large-scale breeding are not high.These problems have become bottleneck in the development of the dairy cow breeding.Finally countermeasures are put forward for the development of dairy cow breeding in China as follows:developing large-scale breeding,and increasing subsidies;supporting the development of grass industry,and ensuring the supply of good feed;strengthening cultivation and promotion of fine breed,and promoting the quality of fresh milk;improving the accountability system of dairy products,and giving play to supervisory role of the news media.

Large-Scale Investment of Chinese Enterprises in the Copper Industry in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

In recent years,with China’s accelerated implementation of the'going out'strategy and promotion of the'Belt and Road'construction and development,Chinese enterprises have grown rapidly and achieved breakthroughs in terms of overseas investment in copper industries and overseas development of copper resources that are in short supply in China.

生猪价格波动风险抑制了专用性资产投资吗?——来自生猪养殖类上市公司的经验证据

为研究生猪价格波动风险是否会影响养殖主体的专用性资产投资,本文基于2007—2021年沪深两市的生猪养殖类企业进行了实证分析。研究发现,第一,生猪价格波动风险会显著抑制养殖企业的专用性资产投资;第二,机制检验表明,生猪价格波动风险通过降低企业的养殖规模、提升现金持有水平、降低经营收益,进而抑制专用性资产投资;第三,异质性检验表明,价格波动风险越高、企业养殖规模越大时,价格风险对专用性资产投资的抑制作用越明显。由此证实了价格波动风险会加大规模化生猪养殖企业生产及收益的不稳定性,进而抑制专用性资产投资,影响生猪养殖产业转型升级。

唐山市水产企业现状和发展建议

从育种、养殖、水产品加工等方面分析了唐山市水产企业的发展现状,指出了水产企业发展中存在水产育种自主创新能力不强、技术转化能力有限、疫病防控不够完善、养殖尾水排放环保压力大、饲料成本增加、品牌化程度低等问题,并相应地提出了发展建议。

Strategic Guidance Effect of Large-Scale Construction Enterprise Growth to Programme Contracting

In the case of single project management standing the major place, the management on the organizational level and project level is separated from each other in large-scale construction enterprises, and it is not long before program management theories applied to construction industry. Under the new situation of construction project clustering, how to choose projects has been the strategic decision for construction enterprises. Therefore,with the theory of program management and strategic management, this paper analyzes the relationship between the strategic growth of large-scale construction enterprises and program contracting, and attempts to provide meaningful ideas for enterprises to choose program from the strategic level.

养殖企业碳排放核算方法研究及实例分析

养殖企业是农业活动中CO_(2)排放大户,开展碳排放核算研究可以准确掌握养殖企业碳排放变化趋势,也是开展各项碳减排工作的基本前提。该文结合排放因子法,提出一套完整的养殖企业核算体系,并以上海市某养鸡场为实例,分析不同指标的碳排放量。

生物质能替代散煤在养殖企业生产中的应用探索

“碳达峰,碳中和”提出后,化石能源的使用受到了限制,农村各行各业都在探索和实践如何利用可再生能源来替代化石能源,特别是公认的高排放煤炭。辽宁省农村生产生活用能的主要消费是冬季清洁取暖,一般是生活用能10倍以上。基本上可以说,辽宁省农村解决了冬季取暖就解决了大部分节能减排。本文以华美集团沈阳幸福农场养殖有限公司为现实案例,通过秸秆替代散煤,探索生物质能源在农村区域替代化石能源的可行性。

小微工业企业和规模化畜禽养殖业用水权确权方法的思考与建议

为深入贯彻落实习近平总书记“努力建设黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展先行区”的指示,宁夏积极推进用水权改革工作,针对小微工业企业和规模化畜禽养殖业用水权确权,通过现场调研等方式,系统梳理其用水权确权存在的主要问题并给出建议,以期在全国全面推开用水权改革之际提供有益借鉴。

长期施用沼液对土壤养分含量和酶活性的影响

为了了解不同沼液利用时限对土壤养分含量和土壤酶活性的影响,根据沼液来源(养殖企业),设置11个施用沼液处理,不同施用沼液处理沼液施用量、施用年限不同,对施用沼液的土壤进行养分含量及酶活性分析。结果表明,不同养殖企业产生的沼液有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾含量普遍偏低,有机质含量介于0.03~0.94 g/L,平均为0.26 g/L;全氮含量介于0.30~2.60 g/L,平均为1.27 g/L;全磷含量介于0.04~0.38 g/L,平均为0.19 g/L;全钾含量介于0.40~1.98 g/L,平均为0.94 g/L;pH值介于7.40~8.59,平均为8.11。长期施用沼液使土壤pH值向着有利于土壤养分释放的方向改变,总体上有效提高了耕层土壤养分含量,与不施沼液对照相比,有机质含量提高0.96%~367.11%,全氮含量提高2.15%~600.00%,全磷含量提高29.94%~663.27%,均以连续施用900~1 050 t/hm2河南康龙实业集团股份有限公司所产沼液21 a的处理提高幅度最大,全钾含量提高1.14%~28.10%,以连续施用900~1 050 t/hm2河南省佑林实业有限公司所产沼液5 a的处理提高幅度最大;有效磷含量提高26.76%~593.99%,水解氮含量提高7.49%~420.24%,均以连续施用900~1 050 t/hm2河南康龙实业集团股份有限公司所产沼液21 a的处理提高幅度最大,速效钾含量提高15.48%~103.30%,以连续施用900~1 200 t/hm2河南省谊发牧业有限责任公司所产沼液27 a的处理增幅最大。长期施用沼液显著提高了土壤水解酶和氧化还原酶活性,与对照相比,蛋白酶活性提高9.20%~44.69%,蔗糖酶活性提高6.41%~41.91%,脲酶活性提高14.47%~42.58%,酸性磷酸酶活性提高13.03%~44.44%,纤维素酶活性提高2.77%~44.65%,硝酸还原酶活性提高22.00%~54.38%,亚硝酸还原酶活性提高1.41 %~42.17%,脱氢酶活性提高4.94%~47.44%,过氧化氢酶活性提高1.42%~47.67%。土壤养分含量与土壤酶活性存在显著或者极显著的正相关关系,其中土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾、速效钾含量与脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶活性总体上均呈极显著正相关,土壤全氮含量、水解氮含量、有效磷含量与纤维素酶活性也均呈极显著正相关,有机质含量、速效钾含量与纤维素酶活性均呈显著正相关。

跨国种子公司的发展对中国种业未来发展的启示

通过对4个主要跨国育种公司发展历史的介绍,对中国种业的现状进行了分析,指出目前中国种业面临的问题是育种、繁殖以及推广相脱节以及公司规模较小,难以形成国际竞争力,并指出未来中国种业只有形成以科技为支撑,育种、繁殖以及推广为一体的大型育种公司,并逐步走出国门,才能成长为真正的可持续发展的跨国种子公司,才能使得中国种业不受国外种业的控制。

高职院校养殖专业校企合作的探索

校企合作是高职院校养殖类专业发展的必由之路。国家示范(骨干)高职院校的实践证明,养殖类专业要更深入开展校企合作,学校、企业、政府都必须更新观念,必须创新办学模式、人才培养模式、产学研管理模式,必须整合学校与企业的人才资源、平台资源、无形资源,才能实现学校与企业互利双赢、深度融合,走出一条可持续发展的科学发展之路。

基于AHP法的商业化育种模式研究

科技兴农,良种先行,种业发展对一个国家农业的可持续发展至关重要。我国种业市场需求巨大,但育种模式与欧美国家相比明显落后,导致我国种业发展举步维艰。因此,探索符合我国国情的商业化育种模式就显得尤为重要。通过理论分析建立了商业化育种模式结构,采用层次分析法对各类影响因素权重进行分析,并结合主要影响因素对育种模式进行综合评价,选择科企战略联盟为最优商业化育种模式。在此基础上,从联盟各方的责任与利益分配、育种经费投入机制、各环节分工与配合机制等四个方面构建了科企战略商业化育种模式。

云南生猪养殖企业竞争力影响因素分析

经过多年发展,云南生猪产业已经得到长足发展,已经成为生猪养殖大省,但非强省,生猪养殖企业发展面临着巨大挑战。本文通过建立Probit回归模型,对影响云南生猪养殖企业竞争力的因素进行了分析,结果发现,资本、技术以及管理能力对云南生产养殖企业竞争力有显著影响。根据回归分析结果,本研究提出整合资本,培养人才,促进技术革新等对策,以便更好地提升云南生猪养殖业竞争力。

内蒙古肉牛种业发展现状、制约瓶颈及优化建议

内蒙古依托区位、资源、技术和养殖等基础优势,已发展成为我国牛肉产品的主要供给省份。肉牛种业能够从源头上影响肉牛产业的可持续发展,其整体发展态势关系到内蒙古乃至全国肉牛产业供给侧结构性改革的成败。内蒙古肉牛种业在取得持续快速发展的同时也暴露出一些制约其高质量发展的瓶颈问题,如财政支持供需错位、新品种培育和品种改良创新难度大、肉牛种业企业发展不充分不平衡、肉牛良种技术推广效果不理想等。应对肉牛种业发展的内外部环境进行相应调整和优化,不断深化内蒙古肉牛种业供给侧结构性改革,多措并举,推进肉牛种业高质量发展。

基于灰色关联分析的我国上市家禽养殖企业经营效益综合评价研究

为了解我国上市家禽养殖企业经营效益情况,文章以我国8家上市家禽养殖企业为研究对象,获取年报相关数据,通过灰色关联分析方法,对各企业总体经营效益水平进行综合评价。结果显示,我国的家禽养殖行业存在明显的资源整合趋势,需打造企业的核心竞争力。为进一步提高经营效益,应进一步打造自身独特模式以发挥竞争优势,通过合理区域布局,建设企业的综合经营体系建设,保障产品品质,并加强技术投入和创新。研究结果表明,上市家禽养殖企业应保持现金流有序流动,防止过高负债率,提高营业利润率。

广西水稻种子行业重点企业的育种创新现状与发展对策

广西作为中国水稻种子研发的重要省(区)之一,在水稻种子行业创新发展中扮演着重要的角色。近年来,广西水稻种子行业重点企业通过增加研发投入、建设人才队伍等努力,取得了一定的成效,但与国内水稻种子行业的重点企业相比,育种创新能力仍处于较低水平。文章分析广西水稻种子行业重点企业的育种创新现状,与国内水稻种子行业重点企业对比,分析总结广西水稻种子行业重点企业在种业创新中存在的不足,并对广西优化水稻育种创新发展环境提出了建议。

云南省野生动物驯养繁殖产业发展状况调查及分析

对云南省324家野生动物养殖企业数量与分布、驯养繁殖的种类组成、养殖企业的产业投入和养殖企业的人员构成等方面进行了一次全面、彻底的调查,就云南省野生动物养殖的产业规模、产业结构、产业发展、产业布局和产业收益进行分析。认为云南省野生动物养殖产业正处于一个最好的历史发展时期。加大投入、规范管理、引导科学经营、建立公平竞争的市场环境能促进云南野生动物驯养繁殖产业健康、稳健发展。