Financial Calculation Problems and Countermeasure Analysis of Large-Scale Engineering Construction Projects

The financial aspects of large-scale engineering construction projects profoundly influence their success.Strengthening cost control and establishing a scientific financial evaluation system can enhance the project’s economic benefits,minimize unnecessary costs,and provide decision-makers with a robust financial foundation.Additionally,implementing an effective cash flow control mechanism and conducting a comprehensive assessment of potential project risks can ensure financial stability and mitigate the risk of fund shortages.Developing a practical and feasible fundraising plan,along with stringent fund management practices,can prevent fund wastage and optimize fund utilization efficiency.These measures not only facilitate smooth project progression and improve project management efficiency but also enhance the project’s economic and social outcomes.

Modified Augmented Lagrange Multiplier Methods for Large-Scale Chemical Process Optimization

Chemical process optimization can be described as large-scale nonlinear constrained minimization. The modified augmented Lagrange multiplier methods (MALMM) for large-scale nonlinear constrained minimization are studied in this paper. The Lagrange function contains the penalty terms on equality and inequality constraints and the methods can be applied to solve a series of bound constrained sub-problems instead of a series of unconstrained sub-problems. The steps of the methods are examined in full detail. Numerical experiments are made for a variety of problems, from small to very large-scale, which show the stability and effectiveness of the methods in large-scale problems.

Preparation of Large-Scale Double-Side BDD Electrodes and Their Electrochemical Performances

Boron doped diamond(BDD)performs well in electrochemical oxidation for organic pollutants thanks to its wide electrochemical window and superior chemical stability.We presented a method to obtain well-adherent large-scale BDD/Nb electrode by the modified hot filament chemical vapor deposition system(HFCVD).SiC particles were sand blasted to enhance the adhesion of BDD coating.The BDD coating was then deposited on both sides of Nb which was placed vertically and closely with filament grids on both sides.The BDD/Nb electrodes had no deformation because the thermal deformations of the BDD films on both sides of the Nb substrate conteracted each other during cooling process after deposition.The surface morphology and purity of the BDD/Nb electrode were analyzed by Raman and scanning elestron microscope(SEM)techniques.Scratch test was used to investigate the adhesion of BDD films.The electrochemical performances were measured by cyclic voltammetry test.The BDD electrode at the B/C ratio of 2 000×10^(-6) held a higher oxygen evolution potential thanks to its high sp3 carbon content.Accelerated life test illustrated that the sandblasting pretreatment obviously enhanced the adhesion of BDD coating which resulted in a longer service duration than the un-sandblasted one.

Process-oriented knowledge-sharing platform for chemical engineering design projects

A process-oriented knowledge-sharing platform is studied to improve knowledge sharing and project management of chemical engineering design enterprises. First, problems and characteristics of knowledge sharing in multi-projects of chemical engineering design are analyzed. Then based on theories of project management, process management, and knowledge management, a process-oriented knowledge-sharing platform is proposed. The platform has three characteristics: knowledge is divided into professional knowledge and project management knowledge; knowledge sharing is integrated with the project process, which makes knowledge sharing a necessary part of the project process and ensures the quantity of knowledge shared; the platform provides quantitative measurements of incentive mechanisms for knowledge providers and users which ensures the quality of knowledge shared. This knowledge-sharing platform uses two knowledge management tools, a knowledge map and a knowledge base, to support the platform.

Modular Extremely Large-Scale Array Communication:Near-Field Modelling and Performance Analysis

This paper investigates the wireless communication with a novel architecture of antenna arrays,termed modular extremely large-scale array(XLarray),where array elements of an extremely large number/size are regularly mounted on a shared platform with both horizontally and vertically interlaced modules.Each module consists of a moderate/flexible number of array elements with the inter-element distance typically in the order of the signal wavelength,while different modules are separated by the relatively large inter-module distance for convenience of practical deployment.By accurately modelling the signal amplitudes and phases,as well as projected apertures across all modular elements,we analyse the near-field signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)performance for modular XL-array communications.Based on the non-uniform spherical wave(NUSW)modelling,the closed-form SNR expression is derived in terms of key system parameters,such as the overall modular array size,distances of adjacent modules along all dimensions,and the user's three-dimensional(3D)location.In addition,with the number of modules in different dimensions increasing infinitely,the asymptotic SNR scaling laws are revealed.Furthermore,we show that our proposed near-field modelling and performance analysis include the results for existing array architectures/modelling as special cases,e.g.,the collocated XL-array architecture,the uniform plane wave(UPW)based far-field modelling,and the modular extremely large-scale uniform linear array(XL-ULA)of onedimension.Extensive simulation results are presented to validate our findings.

Comparison of life cycle assessment of large-scale biogas projects with different raw materials in China

The anaerobic digestion(AD)disposal of stover and cattle manure is of great significance to the development of low-carbon economy and green energy in China,but it will also have an impact on the environment,and the degree of influence is different for various raw materials.In this study,life cycle assessment(LCA)methods were applied to analyze and compare the impact of corn stovers biogas projects(CSBP)and dairy manure biogas projects(DMBP)on the environment during the whole operation stage.The results of inventory analysis were evaluated by ReCiPe2016 Hierarchy(H)mid-point(problem-oriented)and end-point(destruction-oriented)method,respectively.The results showed that the net energy efficiency of CSBP was higher(763.903 kW·h/FU)and the greenhouse gas(GHG)emission reduction of DMBP was more(5541.418 kg CO_(2)-eq/FU).The anaerobic digestion(AD)units have the greatest environmental impacts,and human carcinogenic toxicity is the largest environmental impact category(1.16-1.43 PE).The key to reducing environmental impact is reducing the input of chemical substances and the waste of electric energy.Both CSBP and DMBP have a favorable impact on ecosystem quality and resources,and CSBP is more beneficial to the environment(-10.297 Pt).Co-digestion is an important measure to reduce the environmental damage from biogas projects.These research results provide theoretical support for the selection of raw materials for large-scale biogas projects in China,provide technical basis for reducing the impact of actual operation on the environment,and promote the resource utilization of agricultural waste and carbon dioxide emission reduction and sequestration.

Design of High Precision Horizontal Control Network for Large-Scale Hydropower Project

A new solution of combination network of GPS and high precise distance measurements with EDM is proposed. Meanwhile, it’s inadvisable only using GPS network without distance measurements. Three schemes: terrestrial network, GPS network and combination network are discussed for horizontal control network design of Xiangjiaba Dam in view of precision, reliability, coordinate and outlay in detail.

A projected Newton algorithm based on chemically allowed interval for chemical equilibrium computations

The chemical equilibrium equations utilized in reactive transport modeling are complex and nonlinear,and are typically solved using the Newton-Raphson method.Although this algorithm is known for its quadratic convergence near the solution,it is less effective far from the solution,especially for ill-conditioned problems.In such cases,the algorithm may fail to converge or require excessive iterations.To address these limitations,a projected Newton method is introduced to incorporate the concept of projection.This method constrains the Newton step by utilizing a chemically allowed interval that generates feasible descending iterations.Moreover,we utilize the positive continuous fraction method as a preconditioning technique,providing reliable initial values for solving the algorithms.The numerical results are compared with those derived using the regular Newton-Raphson method,the Newton-Raphson method based on chemically allowed interval updating rules,and the bounded variable least squares method in six different test cases.The numerical results highlight the robustness and efficacy of the proposed algorithm.

Analysis of volatile chemical components of Radix Paeoniae Rubra by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometric resolution

The volatile chemical components of Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with the method of heuristic evolving latent projections and overall volume integration. The results show that 38 volatile chemical components of RPR are determined, accounting for 95.21% of total contents of volatile chemical components of RPR. The main volatile chemical components of RPR are (Z, Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy- benzaldehyde, 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-ethanone, 6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1] heptane-2-methanol, 4,7-dimethyl-benzofuran, 4-(1-methylethenyl)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, and cyclohexadecane.

Application in soft sensing modeling of chemical process based on K-OPLS method

Aiming at the problem of soft sensing modeling for chemical process with strong nonlinearity and complexity,a soft sensing modeling method based on kernel-based orthogonal projections to latent structures(K-OPLS)is proposed.Orthogonal projections to latent structures(O-PLS)is a general linear multi-variable data modeling method.It can eliminate systematic variations from descriptive variables(input)that are orthogonal to response variables(output).In the framework of O-PLS model,K-OPLS method maps descriptive variables to high-dimensional feature space by using“kernel technique”to calculate predictive components and response-orthogonal components in the model.Therefore,the K-OPLS method gives the non-linear relationship between the descriptor and the response variables,which improves the performance of the model and enhances the interpretability of the model to a certain extent.To verify the validity of K-OPLS method,it was applied to soft sensing modeling of component content of debutane tower base butane(C4),the quality index of the key product output for industrial fluidized catalytic cracking unit(FCCU)and H 2S and SO 2 concentration in sulfur recovery unit(SRU).Compared with support vector machines(SVM),least-squares support-vector machine(LS-SVM),support vector machine with principal component analysis(PCA-SVM),extreme learning machine(ELM),kernel based extreme learning machine(KELM)and kernel based extreme learning machine with principal component analysis(PCA-KELM)methods under the same conditions,the experimental results show that the K-OPLS method has superior modeling accuracy and good model generalization ability.

Multi-criteria decision-making selection model with application to chemical engineering management decisions

Chemical industry project management involves complex decision making situations that require discerning abilities and methods to make sound decisions. Chemical engineers as project managers are faced with decision environments and problems in chemical industry projects that are complex. Multiple-criteria decision making （MCDM） approaches are major parts of decision theory and analysis. This paper presents all of MCDM approaches for use in chemical engineering management decisions. In this work, case study is Research and Development （R＆D） project selection in chemical industry. The ability to make sound decisions is very important to success of R＆D projects. It is hoped that this work will provide a ready reference on MCDM and this will encourage the application of the MCDM in chemical engineering management.

2023年度化学科学部基金项目评审工作综述

本文总结了2023年度化学科学部基金项目评审工作,介绍了化学科学部的项目申请、评审与资助情况,对资助存在的共性问题进行了分析,并提出下一年工作设想。

化学需氧量精品实验项目的建设与探索

以“环境监测实验”课程中经典的“化学需氧量(CODcr)测定”实验项目为例,从教学理念、教学内容和教学方法等开展精品实验项目建设。在教学理念上,遵循工程教育专业认证的“OBE”教学理念,将传统实验项目改进为探究性实验项目,以培养学生的动手能力、研究能力和思维能力。在传统课内实验教学基础上,引入前沿监测知识和新型测试技术,建立常规实验与拓展实验相结合的教学内容,引入两种测试方法的比较与总结环节,以此提高学生学习的主动性和综合能力。精品实验项目的建设,丰富了实验教学内涵,提高了实验教学效果,满足新时期环境学科一流人才培养的需要。

盛虹炼化一体化项目技术分析

以盛虹炼化(连云港)有限公司为例,介绍了国内民营炼化一体化项目的装置规模、技术来源、原料及产品方案、项目建设等情况,并对各种生产工艺进行了技术分析,为国内炼化一体化项目建设提供参考。

化工应急处置虚拟仿真实训项目的应用

虚拟仿真技术在实践教学中的应用已成为信息时代教育改革的发展方向。辽宁石化职业技术学院化工应急处置虚拟仿真实训系统CO加氢反应实验事故应急处置虚拟仿真实验教学项目的建设,有效解决了一些实训项目的火灾、爆炸、中毒高风险,以及不可逆、难以开展等问题,又能通过3D仿真模拟逃生演练、查找安全隐患,还能将理论知识运用到突发事件处理过程中,提高了学生的应急能力。

地方高校化工专业绿色工程课程建设研究

在“双碳”目标下,绿色工程的实践与发展持续推进,而各大高校是推动绿色工程建设的“主力军”。调查了国内86所高校化工专业绿色工程课程设置现状,发现大部分高校的绿色化学的设置率仅有16.3%。提出了开展任务驱动教学、明确培养目标,有针对性地开设绿色理念课程,并根据区域特色和产业需求,构建符合特色绿色工程课程体系的方法。政府、地方高校、企业等多方参与推进绿色工程课程建设。政府提供法律保障和政策支持。企业响应国家政策,协同高校制定课程改革方案,培养绿色工程人才。

浅谈化工项目的运行安全分析

化工项目运行的安全风险很大,易发生安全生产事故。结合化工项目的特点,从实际出发,对化工本质安全设计、人员培训、物料管理和设备管理等方面进行阐述,旨在突出化工项目安全管理的重点,减少和避免项目运行的安全事故。

化工工程建设项目进度控制与管理分析

针对化工工程建设项目规模庞大、周期长、投资额大、管理不规范等造成无法按时交付完成的进度问题,总结此类项目进度控制的必要性及主要方法,提出改进策略。结果表明,化工工程建设项目进度控制与管理是一个复杂而关键的任务,需要综合考虑施工中的人员、资源、设备等各种因素才能避免不必要的进度延迟问题,规范合理地完成化工工程建设。

浅谈科研成果转化为实验教学项目的前期工作——以银纳米立方体的可控合成实验为例

科研成果转化的实验项目是高校在实验教学体系中落实创新型人才培养目标的良好载体。本文以银纳米立方体的可控合成为例,探讨了建设该项目的前期工作,尤其对实验影响因素、学生群体中容易存在的实验习惯、操作问题进行了探究,确保教师在实验前充分了解和掌握学生在实验过程中可能出现的问题,提高实验教学指导的有效性,使科研转化实验的创新型人才培养功能落到实处。

化工项目竣工环保验收监测检查的实施分析

化工项目建设过程所涉及材料较为复杂,当整体项目完成之后,需要进行竣工验收,并且需要重点展开环保验收检测,确定整体项目污染排放以及相关治理工作是否达标。通过以新疆昆玉钢铁有限公司200万t/a钢铁及配套循环经济综合利用项目为例,对化工项目竣工环保验收检测检查实施方式方法进行分析探究,期望能够为相关工作开展提供一些启示。