Research on Storage Capacity of Compressed Air Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Equipment

Compressed air pumped hydro energy storage equipment combines compressed air energy storage technology and pumped storage technology. The water is pumped to a vessel to compress air for energy storage, and the compressed air expanses pushing water to drive the hydro turbine for power generation. The novel storage equipment saves natural gas resources, reduces carbon emission, and improves the controllability and reliability. The principle of compressed air pumped hydro energy storage is introduced and its mathematical model is built. The storage and generation process of the novel equipment is analyzed using the model. The calculation formula of the storage power is deduced in theory in different situations of isothermal and adiabatic compression. The optimal storage scheme is given when the capacity and withstand pressure of the vessel is definitive, and the max available capacity and the equipment utilization efficiency evaluation of the scheme is given.

Research on New Compressed Air Energy Storage Technology

In recent years, wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation have been developing rapidly, and the installed capacity of the new resources generation has been keeping a fast growth every year. But with the incorporation into the grid, the new resources generation that has the properties such as randomness and volatility causes certain risks to the power grid, which results in the falling of the incorporation proportion instead of rising. This paper describes the current status and development problems of the new energy in China, and gives a brief introduction of characteristics of various energy storage technologies. This paper focuses on the analysis of the compressed air energy storage technology in recent years and new developments and the latest technology at home and abroad, additionally, the paper introduces a new concept of the compressed air energy storage system.

Increasing Coal-Fired Power Plant Operational Flexibility by Integrating Solar Thermal Energy and Compressed Air Energy Storage System

This paper proposed a novel integrated system with solar energy,thermal energy storage(TES),coal-fired power plant(CFPP),and compressed air energy storage(CAES)system to improve the operational flexibility of the CFPP.A portion of the solar energy is adopted for preheating the boiler’s feedwater,and another portion is stored in the TES for the CAES discharging process.Condensate water from the CFPP condenser is used for cooling compressed air during the CAES charging process.The thermodynamic performance of the integrated system under different load conditions is studied.The system operations in a typical day are simulated with EBSILON software.The system enables daily coal saving of 9.88 t and reduces CO_(2)emission by 27.95 t compared with the original CFPP at 100%load.Under partial load conditions,the system enables maximum coal saving of 10.29 t and maximum CO_(2)emission reduction of 29.11 t at 75%load.The system has maximum peak shaving depth of 9.42%under 40%load condition.The potential of the system participating ancillary service is also discussed.It is found that the integration of solar thermal system and CAES system can bring significant ancillary service revenue to a conventional CFPP.

Optimization of Operation Strategies for a Combined Cooling, Heating and Power System based on Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage

The fluctuations of renewable energy and various energy demands are crucial issues for the optimal design and operation of combined cooling,heating and power(CCHP)system.In this paper,a novel CCHP system is simulated with advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage(AA-CAES)technology as a join to connect with wind energy generation and an internal-combustion engine(ICE).The capital cost of utilities,energy cost,environmental protection cost and primary energy savings ratio(P E S R)are used as system performance indicators.To fulfill the cooling,heating and power requirements of a district and consider the thermal-electric coupling of ICE and AA-CAES in CCHP system,three operation strategies are established to schedule the dispatch of AA-CAES and ICE:ICE priority operation strategy,CAES priority operation strategy and simultaneous operation strategy.Each strategy leads the operation load of AA-CAES or ICE to improve the energy supply efficiency of the system.Moreover,to minimize comprehensive costs and maximize the P E S R,a novel optimization algorithm based on intelligent updating multi-objective differential evolution(MODE)is proposed to solve the optimization model.Considering the multi-interface characteristic and active management ability of the ICE and AA-CAES,the economic benefits and energy efficiency of the three operation strategies are compared by the simulation with the same system configuration.On a typical summer day,the simultaneous strategy is the best solution as the total cost is 3643 USD and the P E S R is 66.1%,while on a typical winter day,the ICE priority strategy is the best solution as the total cost is 4529 USD and the P E S R is 64.4%.The proposed methodology provides the CCHP based AA-CAES system with a better optimized operation.

Design and Operational Strategy Research for Temperature Control Systems of Isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage Power Plants

Energy storage technology is critical for intelligent power grids. It has great significance for the large-scale integration of new energy sources into the power grid and the transition of the energy structure. Based on the existing technology of isothermal compressed air energy storage, this paper presents a design scheme of isothermal compressed air energy storage power station, which uses liquid to compress air, hydraulic piston to transfer potential energy, hydraulic turbine to generate electricity at constant pressure, and liquid occupancy to store the gas at constant pressure. Then the technical features and control strategies of its internal temperature control subsystem are studied, and the mathematical model is constructed. A hierarchical relay operation is put forward to address the actual construction and operational requirements of compressed air energy storage power plants. Finally, through physical platform experiments and MATLAB simulation, the feasibility of the design is validated.

Optimal dispatch of zero-carbon-emission micro Energy Internet integrated with non-supplementary fired compressed air energy storage system

To utilize heat and electricity in a clean and integrated manner,a zero-carbon-emission micro Energy Internet(ZCE-MEI) architecture is proposed by incorporating non-supplementary fired compressed air energy storage(NSF-CAES) hub.A typical ZCE-MEI combining power distribution network(PDN) and district heating network(DHN) with NSF-CAES is considered in this paper.NSF-CAES hub is formulated to take the thermal dynamic and pressure behavior into account to enhance dispatch flexibility.A modified Dist Flow model is utilized to allow several discrete and continuous reactive power compensators to maintain voltage quality of PDN.Optimal operation of the ZCE-MEI is firstly modeled as a mixed integer nonlinear programming(MINLP).Several transformations and simplifications are taken to convert the problem as a mixed integer linear programming(MILP)which can be effectively solved by CPLEX.A typical test system composed of a NSF-CAES hub,a 33-bus PDN,and an 8-node DHN is adopted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed ZCE-MEI in terms of reducing operation cost and wind curtailment.

火电耦合压缩空气储能技术研究进展及展望

火电耦合压缩空气储能技术作为一种提升传统火电机组灵活性和经济性的有效手段,近年来受到了广泛关注。该文从分析火电耦合压缩空气储能技术在提升电网调峰能力、促进可再生能源整合等方面的重要意义出发。首先,介绍典型耦合系统的结构组成与工作原理;然后,探讨耦合系统中关键设备的技术现状和面临的挑战;之后,梳理火-储耦合系统的集成方案设计、调峰运行优化以及经济性评估的研究现状;最后,针对当前技术难点,展望未来火电耦合压缩空气储能技术的研究方向与重点。该文旨在为今后相关领域研究提供参考与借鉴,推动其持续发展和创新。

风-火-储耦合系统储能容量配置优化对比

为提升风电富集区域风电消纳水平及燃煤机组的灵活性,提出了基于热电共蓄式压缩空气储能的风-火-储耦合系统及系统调度策略,建立了系统的容量配置优化框架,并对7种布局方案进行了多目标优化。优化结果表明:电锅炉将弃风电量转化为热量时,燃煤机组的运行点向电力负荷下限更低的区域移动,风电上网空间增大,燃煤机组出力水平降低;加入热电共蓄式压缩空气储能子系统,使得燃煤机组电功率水平降低;换热器废热的回收进一步降低了燃煤机组产热水平;通过调整燃煤机组热出力,抽汽蓄热子系统能够实现抽汽热的时空平移,促使燃煤机组运行点向电力负荷下限更低的区域移动,可间接促进风电的消纳。综合来看,3种子系统相组合的最佳耦合方案可实现燃煤机组的热电解耦,从而提升了其深度调峰能力,在更大程度消纳风电能力的同时提升了系统的效率和环保性。

考虑多热源协同互补的含先进绝热压缩空气储能系统容量配置方法

先进绝热压缩空气储能(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage,AA-CAES)具备天然的热电联供特性,能够有效缓解供热期出现的弃风问题。若能在规划阶段充分考虑运行需求,进而合理地配置储能容量,则能够在解决弃风问题的前提下,最大程度对燃煤机组进行清洁替代。为此,该文提出了多热源协同互补的AA-CAES系统容量配置模型。首先本模型在能量输入端引入电锅炉预热压缩机入口空气,以增大压缩机输气系数并提高机组产热量;其次在扩展热源端,通过太阳能反射镜场收集光热,以提高系统储热水平;并在计及储能系统各模块实际运行效率约束之余,以运行总成本最小为目标,计算储能容量配置最优解。再次,分析供热时长及环境温度等因素对投资成本回收年限的影响,并计算不同情况下本模型投资成本的回收年限,得出建设本模型可盈利的硬性条件;最后,基于东北某地区供热期及非供热期典型日负荷及气象数据在IEEE-39节点系统完成算例分析,验证所提模型有效性。

地下车站供冷季用能特征分析与基于需求响应的调峰潜力评估

聚焦地铁车站小时尺度用能特征,以长江中下游地区某典型屏蔽门地下车站为例,分析了车站逐时能耗构成及通风空调系统能耗的影响因素。研究结果表明,通风空调能耗为地铁车站动力照明能耗的最大占比项,占比可达83%,室外空气参数、客流量与发车密度均与通风空调能耗呈现显著相关关系。面向需求响应,建立了混合整数规划模型,评估蓄能参与下的地铁车站调峰潜力。模拟结果表明,蓄能装置参与下,车站全年累计高峰时段用电量可大幅削减,48.2%的高峰时段用电量可转移至平时段和低谷时段。

风电-火电-压缩空气储能综合能源系统运行特性研究

为提升电网消纳风电的能力,改善火电机组运行灵活性,本文基于压缩空气储能系统容量大、多能流耦合的特点提出了一种包含两台600 MW燃煤机组的风电-火电-压缩空气储能综合能源系统。首先通过构建系统热力学变工况模型,分析了关键参数对压缩空气储能系统性能的影响,然后以降低弃风率为目标,探究了综合能源系统在典型特征日的能流匹配和运行特性。结果表明,电能分配比由57.3%增加至76.0%时,储能系统输出热电比由0.84下降至0.30,对储能系统输出影响最为显著;典型特征日的仿真场景下,综合能源系统负荷调节能力强,能流匹配良好,弃风率仅为2.28%。通过上述分析,验证了所提出的系统具备可观的风电消纳潜力和运行灵活性。

变入口压力下大容量压缩空气储能电站空气透平动态过程及调节特性研究

压缩空气储能系统的空气透平入口压力变化较大,为了掌握该条件下透平的特性及规律,使用多学科仿真平台MSP和模块化建模工具PowerBuilder搭建了全工艺流程的300MW级压缩空气储能系统,分析空气透平在入口压力大幅变化情况下的运行特性和调节过程,揭示储气室压力大幅变化下透平膨胀比、出口温度和效率等关键参数的变化规律,确定了透平的功率调节过程及响应特性,并分析了透平入口温度对机组功率的影响和限制,为大容量压缩空气储能系统空气透平的运行和调节提供了数据支撑和科学依据。

熔盐储热耦合压缩空气储能系统经济性分析

压缩空气储能作为一种大规模物理储能技术,广泛应用于可再生能源消纳和电网削峰填谷。设计了一种耦合熔盐储热的压缩空气储能系统,采用Ebsilon软件对复合系统进行建模仿真。基于该储能系统对外供应热水、蒸汽、电能的工况,研究不同系统运行模式下的?效率、热效率以及经济性。结果表明:复合系统在储气压力为7 MPa、排气温度系数为1.96时系统?效率最高,达到64.98%;在储气压力12 MPa时系统热效率最高,达到91.55%;在热汽电三联供应用场景下,最佳储能时长为6 h,储气压力为7、12 MPa时,最优发电时长分别为6、8 h;该研究可为耦合熔盐储热压缩空气储能热电联供提供理论指导。

基于AA-CAES电站和综合需求响应的供暖期弃风消纳策略

“双碳”目标背景下,为解决热电联产机组“以热定电”模式导致的大规模弃风问题,本文提出基于先进绝热压缩空气储能电站(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage,AA-CAES)和综合需求响应的综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)供暖期弃风消纳策略。首先,在“源-储”两侧建立热电联产机组与AA-CAES电站耦合运行模型,分析耦合运行实现热电解耦机理;其次,在“荷”侧引入价格型和替代型需求响应机制来探寻负荷侧优化系统调度潜力;然后,在IES中引入碳捕集系统和阶梯型碳交易机制来约束碳排放,并在碳排放量最少、综合成本最低为目标构建IES运行基础上,引入模糊机会规划约束模型来分析风、光不确定性对系统调度影响;最后,利用西北某地区实际数据进行算例验证。结果表明:热电机组与AA-CAES电站耦合运行相较于未耦合运行可提高风电消纳率84.55%、降低总成本11.42%、减少碳排放20.28%;综合需求响应机制的引入可进一步提高风电消纳率35.00%、降低总成本20.93%、减少碳排放24.43%;风光不确定性的上升会提高与外部电网的交互成本。

基于最优动态功率补偿的先进绝热压缩空气储能一次调频控制策略

随着大规模新能源接入电网,新型电力系统“低惯量、弱支撑”特征凸显,电网频率调节资源日益稀缺,系统频率稳定问题愈发严峻。先进绝热压缩空气储能(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage,AA-CAES)具有容量大、寿命长等优势而受到广泛关注,但由于其储能和释能过程涉及气-热动态耦合过程,调频特性较为复杂,调频潜力还有待挖掘。因此,首先建立AA-CAES系统全工况动态仿真模型,进而基于期望频率动态曲线设计AA-CAES系统调频传递函数,优化目标传递函数关键参数,实现AA-CAES最小动态功率补偿下满足系统频率调节需求。最后通过仿真实验,验证了所提控制策略可优化AA-CAES调频容量的同时减小系统的稳态频率偏差与频率超调量,显著改善频率响应特性,为建设电网友好型AA-CAES电站提供技术支撑。

压缩空气储能技术研究现状及发展趋势

[目的]压缩空气储能具有储能容量大、安全性高、寿命长、经济环保、建设周期短等优势,是未来和抽水蓄能相媲美的长时储能技术,成为未来储能重点布局的方向。在此背景下,文章通过对压缩空气储能技术现状进行综述,分析不同压缩空气储能技术的工作原理、面临挑战及解决方案,以期对压缩空气储能技术的发展提供参考。[方法]文章首先对压缩空气储能技术原理进行了介绍;对系统中的压缩机、透平膨胀机和换热器等关键设备进行了阐述,分析了大规模压缩空气储能用的关键设备;并从地面关键工艺技术和地下储气设施两个角度介绍了大规模压缩空气储能系统的常用关键技术、发展现状及工程案例;最后对压缩空气储能技术的未来发展趋势进行了分析。[结果]结果表明:蓄热式压缩空气储能是当前国内的主流技术,且高温储热成为未来压缩空气储能发展方向,也是压缩空气储能提高效率的重要途径。同时,系统关键设备和技术优化、成本降低、应用场景发展等方面尚有一定改进空间。[结论]压缩空气储能作为一种长时储能,对未来构建新型电力系统具有重要的支撑作用。

煤层气和压缩空气储能复合的矿区综合能源系统优化运行模型

由于缺乏有效的回收工序和利用手段,矿区大部分低浓度煤层气被直接排空,造成严重资源浪费和温室效应。同时,间歇随机波动的可再生能源渗透率增加导致电力系统安全经济运行面临严峻挑战。该文集矿区低浓度煤层气资源和压缩空气储能优势于一体,提出煤层气和压缩空气储能复合的矿区型综合能源系统结构。采用变压吸附工艺提纯低浓度煤层气资源,回收提纯过程具有余压的废气资源作为压缩空气储能进气源。利用地下废弃矿道分别作为压缩空气储气库和煤层气储气库,形成余压利用型压缩空气储能系统。利用储能压缩热和煤层气发电余热资源,通过矿区热、电、储联合运行方式与可再生能源互补调节。基于该结构建立系统模型,以系统运行成本、风电消纳和碳排放为目标建立多目标优化模型。通过算例将是否考虑变压吸附的矿区综合能源系统进行对比,结果表明,所提出的系统具有良好的经济性、风电消纳能力和减碳能力。

某压缩空气储能电站浅埋盐穴稳定性研究

国内许多盐穴难以满足压缩空气储能电站的改造要求,新建盐穴成为未来压缩空气储能电站储气库的重点目标。以安徽省某拟开采浅埋盐矿作为实例,建立水溶开采后盐腔计算模型。基于该矿区具有浅埋深与大倾角的地质特点,分析盐层倾角和埋深对盐腔变形和体积收缩的影响规律。研究结果表明:盐层倾角为20°时,盐腔的稳定性较差,矿区拟建盐腔埋深达到500 m后,腔体蠕变5 a后体积收缩超过安全限值。

基于压缩空气储能与增强型地热的三联产系统热力学分析

为提升压缩空气储能技术的能量利用率与供能灵活性,基于能量梯级利用原理,提出了一种耦合压缩空气储能与增强型地热技术的冷热电联产系统。通过建立系统的热力学模型,研究了关键运行参数对系统热力学性能的影响规律,并以系统(火用)效率和单位能量成本为目标函数,获得了系统的多目标优化解集。结果表明,膨胀机与换热器是系统高效运行的关键设备,提升这2个设备的运行效率对于系统热力学性能以及输出功量的提升作用显著,采用多目标优化方法得到系统的最优(火用)效率为55.73%,最优单位能量成本为6378.94元/kW,能量效率和相对节能率较设计工况分别提升了6.1%和10.68%。研究结果从热力学和经济学角度为系统的工程应用提供了理论依据。

光伏储能电站不同储能形式经济性对比分析

新能源电站配备储能是能源发展的重要趋势,储能电站可以平抑新能源出力的波动,提高能源利用率和电网安全性。为比较不同类型的储能电站与光伏电站联合运营的经济效益,针对储能电站建立了电量模型、经济模型和成本模型,并以甘肃某10万kW光伏电站项目为研究对象,研究了光伏电站配备不同储能形式的经济性和控制策略。采用了一种基于距离的K-means聚类分析法来合并相似场景提炼原始数据,比较了单独配备磷酸铁锂电池储能、单独配备压缩空气储能以及压缩空气与磷酸铁锂电池耦合储能3种配置方式的经济性。结果显示:单独配置磷酸铁锂电池储能经济性最高,投资回收期为7.16 a;压缩空气与磷酸铁锂电池耦合储能的经济性次之,投资回收期为8.93 a;单独配置压缩空气储能的经济性最低,投资回收期为9.03 a。