Codebook Design and Beam Training for Extremely Large-Scale RIS:Far-Field or Near-Field?

Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is more likely to develop into extremely large-scale RIS(XL-RIS)to efficiently boost the system capacity for future 6 G communications.Beam training is an effective way to acquire channel state information(CSI)for XL-RIS.Existing beam training schemes rely on the far-field codebook.However,due to the large aperture of XL-RIS,the scatters are more likely to be in the near-field region of XL-RIS.The far-field codebook mismatches the near-field channel model.Thus,the existing far-field beam training scheme will cause severe performance loss in the XL-RIS assisted nearfield communications.To solve this problem,we propose the efficient near-field beam training schemes by designing the near-field codebook to match the nearfield channel model.Specifically,we firstly design the near-field codebook by considering the near-field cascaded array steering vector of XL-RIS.Then,the optimal codeword for XL-RIS is obtained by the exhausted training procedure.To reduce the beam training overhead,we further design a hierarchical nearfield codebook and propose the corresponding hierarchical near-field beam training scheme,where different levels of sub-codebooks are searched in turn with reduced codebook size.Simulation results show the proposed near-field beam training schemes outperform the existing far-field beam training scheme.

Opening and Sharing of Large-scale Instruments and Equipment in Agricultural Research Institutes:A Case Study of Environment and Plant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences

The article introduces the main practices and achievements of the Environment and Plant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in promoting the sharing of large-scale instruments and equipment in recent years,analyzes the existing problems in the management system,management team,assessment incentives and maintenance guarantee,and proposes improvement measures and suggestions from aspects of improving the sharing management system,strengthening management team building,strengthening sharing assessment and incentives,improving maintenance capabilities and expanding external publicity,to further improve the sharing management of large-scale instruments and equipment.

Economic Violence: Which Economy Law Instruments Are More Effective

The Council of Europe Convention on 11 May 2011 addresses the economic violence as one kind of violence a woman may face when dealing with income from work, access to the labor market, establishment of enterprises, access to entrepreneurial activities and governance bodies. The paper focuses on four typical situations of economic violence and subsequent risks for the woman and society and economy. Economy law may propose the use of instruments to prevent or fight economic violence: from tax incentives, to women’s enterprise incentives;from direct finance, to loans at discounted rates;from gender quotas to incentives to build educational and professional skills dedicated to women in order to fill the gap and even the playing field. Some of them have been already used successfully, others not so, but their common element is that there is a better and specific educational and training need for women to prevent economic violence. The paper will discuss data with respect to certain instruments within the Italian legal framework. The paper will address needs for better and specific education and training before introducing new economy law measures in the Italian legal framework, pursuant in some cases to EU legislation.

教学型公共仪器平台建设与开放机制探索

南京大学自2009年开始进行“三三制”本科教学改革,化学实验教学也按照此理念不断进行实验教学改革,以培养学生扎实的专业实践能力和良好的交叉跨界能力,提升学生的综合实践能力和创新实践能力。仪器设备在改革过程中起着重要的支撑作用,为了满足各实验课程的教学需求,化学国家级实验教学示范中心以培养“四个实践能力”为抓手,高质量建设了以教学为主的公共仪器平台。然而,仪器的开放共享也是资源优化利用的一项重要任务,如何在教学任务之余兼顾对外开放,需要进行不断的探索。本文以化学实验教学中心公共仪器平台为例,介绍平台在实验教学、使用培训、共享开放等方面所采取的管理机制,以及在此基础上取得的一些成果,供国内高校类似的仪器平台参考。

创新培训模式助力实验技术队伍建设与发展

该文介绍了高校分析测试中心将全国分析检测人员能力培训委员会(NTC)能力培训与校内培训相结合,形成了科学、系统的培训计划,结合先进教学方法,为实验技术人员提供了综合学习平台,持续推动校内实验技术人员的专业培训。文章详述了这一培训模式的实施过程,以及实验技术人员在个人能力、实验教学和科学研究等方面取得的成效。

高校大型仪器开放实验室网络培训体系的探索

大型仪器在高校人才培养和科研测试服务中发挥着重要作用,系统的培训体系是高校大型仪器共享平台高效运行的基本保障,也是高校推进一流教育和拔尖人才培养的客观要求。系统性规范化的网络培训模式有利于提升培训的效果。通过构建包含安全培训及考核、仪器使用培训及考核、仪器原理及应用技巧、仪器测试成果与前沿展示互动交流于一体的网络资源平台,探索基于此平台的培训管理体系和长效完备的学习支撑体系,为高校大型仪器开放共享与人才培养体系建设提供了新思路。

运用个性化培训方案全面优化大型仪器培训模式

高校分析测试中心提供的大规模仪器培训对学校的教学、研究和人才培养起着重要支撑作用。鉴于学生在不同阶段有不同的需求和发展特点,需要对仪器培训的教学模式进行优化,实施针对学生的个性化培训方案。以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)为例,系统地阐述了个性化培训的实施情况。在近一年的实施中,个性化培训取得显著成效,学生的实验技能和分析能力得到了显著提升,吸引了大量师生的积极参与,累计参与人次达到约1300人,受到了广泛好评。结果表明,个性化培训方案是行之有效的,可为相关领域的教育和培训提供有益的参考。

基于“四位一体”人才培养的大型仪器分析教学改革

以农业资源类大型仪器分析课程为例,依托大型仪器构建以学生为主体的个性化教学内容和方法,同时把思政元素融入课程教学之中。通过转变原有的教与学方式,使研究生树立主动创新的科研意识,掌握系统规范的科研方法,养成求真务实的科研精神,实现知识与能力双培养、价值与素质双提升的“四位一体”育人目标。

The Jiao Tong University Spectroscopic Telescope Project

The Jiao Tong University Spectroscopic Telescope(JUST)is a 4.4-meter f/6.0 segmented-mirror telescope dedicated to spectroscopic observations.The JUST primary mirror is composed of 18 hexagonal segments,each with a diameter of 1.1 m.JUST provides two Nasmyth platforms for placing science instruments.One Nasmyth focus fits a field of view of 10′and the other has an extended field of view of 1.2°with correction optics.A tertiary mirror is used to switch between the two Nasmyth foci.JUST will be installed at a site at Lenghu in Qinghai Province,China,and will conduct spectroscopic observations with three types of instruments to explore the dark universe,trace the dynamic universe,and search for exoplanets:(1)a multi-fiber(2000 fibers)medium-resolution spectrometer(R=4000-5000)to spectroscopically map galaxies and large-scale structure;(2)an integral field unit(IFU)array of 500 optical fibers and/or a long-slit spectrograph dedicated to fast follow-ups of transient sources for multi-messenger astronomy;(3)a high-resolution spectrometer(R~100000)designed to identify Jupiter analogs and Earth-like planets,with the capability to characterize the atmospheres of hot exoplanets.

高校大型仪器共享平台建设及管理的思考与探索

大型仪器共享平台已成为目前高校和科研机构管理大型仪器设备的主要方式。如何建设好管理好大型仪器共享平台、实现优质资源共享,科学、规范地为教研服务,是相关人员共同思考的问题,也是高效地发挥这些大型仪器作用的关键。文章以兰州大学医学实验中心大型仪器共享平台为例,总结了平台运行过程中的特点及成效,包括简洁明了的操作系统、全方位开放、精细化规范化的管理模式、便捷的报账系统以及合理的绩效评价体系等。并针对创新人才培养、与相关课程相结合、规范化系统化理论培训、完善设备相关科研成果、严格论证程序等方面提出了改进的措施和方案。

以大型仪器为抓手的创新人才培养模式研究与实践

提出了“以大型仪器为抓手进行创新人才培养”的教改模式,即“将大型仪器引入低年级本科教学,以仪器的学习为抓手,引导学生参与科研并融入科研,由此培养其创新实践能力”。阐述了该工作的理论依据,以同济大学化学实验教学示范中心为例,详细介绍了利用大型仪器培养学生创新能力的具体措施,包括开发“大型仪器智能化管理系统”、建立“仪器使用预实习培训制度”、采用三种形式对本科生进行大型仪器教学等。结合实施过程,分析了该项工作所取得的教学效果。

基于成长型思维的仪器分析教学创新设计

2021年某高校公共卫生学院卫生检验与检疫专业入选国家级一流专业建设点,新冠感染疫情常态化防控以来,对卫生检验与检疫专业人才的实践应用能力、创新能力和工作岗位胜任力提出更高的要求。以仪器分析课程为例,提出基于成长型思维模式的“理论—应用—实践”三层次递进式创新教学设计,将知识点以星级分类,模块化分层,重点知识形成框架,构建线上线下课堂,建立各种资源库,形成知识、实践分层模块,紧扣专业现状和前沿,结合基础知识讲解、资源扩展、综合实验设计、虚拟仿真系统,与社会需求对接,构建创新教学设计。学生根据自身学习情况、学习习惯,搭积木式构建具有个人特色的综合知识体系,培养学生形成“积极进取、乐享过程、接受挑战、直面挫折、终身学习”的成长型思维模式。创新教学设计的成功实施,显著提升学生的综合能力,使学生面对挫折时能够秉承乐观积极的态度、保持良好的心理状态,对卫检一流人才的培养具有重要意义。

职前教师培养中的工具理性倾向及其超越

职前教师培养中教育技术的广泛应用提升了师范生的教学技能,推动了课程范式改革,一定程度上创新了人才培养模式。然而,在教育技术与职前教师教育的联合过程中,出现了技术至上、效率优先、控制与秩序为尊、崇尚传授的倾向,僭越了职前教师培养的价值理性关照等,不利于职前教师培养和能力的提升。职前教师培养的价值定位应指向基础教育的可持续发展,追求个人价值与社会价值的统一、工具理性与价值理性的融合、技术理性与反思实践的联袂。职前教师培养应从教师教育的本体论、人才培养的认识论、学习过程的方法论和教师发展辩证论等向度超越工具理性倾向,坚持“师范性”与“职业性”的结合,“技术性”与“人文性”的融合,“经院式”与“现场式”的整合,“阶段性”与“终身性”的联合来探寻适切的育人路径。

Towards Near-Field Communications for 6G:Challenges and Opportunities

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output(XL-MIMO)and terahertz(THz)communications are pivotal candidate technologies for supporting the development of 6G mobile networks.However,these techniques invalidate the common assumptions of far-field plane waves and introduce many new properties.To accurately understand the performance of these new techniques,spherical wave modeling of near-field communications needs to be applied for future research.Hence,the investigation of near-field communication holds significant importance for the advancement of 6G,which brings many new and open research challenges in contrast to conventional far-field communication.In this paper,we first formulate a general model of the near-field channel and discuss the influence of spatial nonstationary properties on the near-field channel modeling.Subsequently,we discuss the challenges encountered in the near field in terms of beam training,localization,and transmission scheme design,respectively.Finally,we point out some promising research directions for near-field communications.

大型仪器设备共享平台培训体系建立的探索与实践

大型仪器培训是大型仪器开放共享平台重点工作之一,是提高平台效益的重点举措。本文分析了以往培训中存在的问题,通过及时更新培训目标、拓展培训方式方法、完善培训师资建设和建立培训长效机制等举措,构建了大型仪器多维度、多层次、多元化的长效培训体系。实践表明,该培训体系能有效提高培训效率,促进了大型仪器开放共享、助力人才培养,同时利于培训教师自身成长。

基于运动安全的体育器械辅助训练方法研究

现阶段,运动伤害是影响运动员健康和职业生涯的主要因素,这种趋势不仅威胁到运动员的身体健康,还对其心理状态造成了影响,甚至可能导致长期的运动损伤和职业生涯的提前结束。因此,开展相关领域的研究具有重要意义,利用科学的方法和先进的体育器械,能够为运动员提供更加安全、有效的训练方案。对此,该研究致力于探索如何通过科学合理地运用体育器械,以及如何结合现代化训练方法,来降低运动伤害的风险,同时提升运动员的训练效率和表现,旨在为运动训练领域提供更全面的安全保障措施,同时也为运动器械的创新改良提供理论依据。

Coupling analysis of passenger and train flows for a large-scale urban rail transit system

Coupling analysis of passenger and train flows is an important approach in evaluating and optimizing the operation efficiency of large-scale urban rail transit(URT)systems.This study proposes a passenger–train interaction simulation approach to determine the coupling relationship between passenger and train flows.On the bases of time-varying origin–destination demand,train timetable,and network topology,the proposed approach can restore passenger behaviors in URT systems.Upstream priority,queuing process with first-in-first-serve principle,and capacity constraints are considered in the proposed simulation mechanism.This approach can also obtain each passenger’s complete travel chain,which can be used to analyze(including but not limited to)various indicators discussed in this research to effectively support train schedule optimization and capacity evaluation for urban rail managers.Lastly,the proposed model and its potential application are demonstrated via numerical experiments using real-world data from the Beijing URT system(i.e.,rail network with the world’s highest passenger ridership).

高校共享平台中超高效液相色谱仪的管理与维护

超高效液相色谱仪作为高校实验共享平台的必备仪器,在科研和教学中发挥着重要作用。以温州医科大学科研实验中心大型仪器共享平台的超高效液相色谱仪为例,从构建培训体系、规范线上预约及使用管理机制、完善仪器维护制度等各方面全方位着手,探索超高效液相色谱仪在共享平台的开放运行模式,以期为高校共享平台的仪器管理及维护提供参考。

低频神经肌肉治疗仪联合盆底持续性强化训练对自然分娩初产妇康复情况的影响

目的探讨低频神经肌肉治疗仪联合盆底持续性强化训练对自然分娩初产妇康复情况的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2022年6月于我院自然分娩的80例初产妇为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组与康复组,每组40例。对照组接受常规护理,康复组在常规护理基础上接受低频神经肌肉治疗仪联合盆底持续性强化训练。比较两组的干预效果。结果干预后,康复组的Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类肌纤维肌力的持续收缩压大于对照组,收缩持续时间长于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,康复组的膀胱颈移动度、膀胱尿道后角及肛提裂孔面积小于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,康复组的女性性功能指数(FSFI)评分高于对照组,盆底功能障碍问卷-20(PFDI-20)评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论低频神经肌肉治疗仪联合盆底持续性强化训练可明显改善自然分娩初产妇的盆底结构,提高盆底肌力。

神经康复仪联合吞咽功能训练在小儿吞咽障碍中的应用

目的探讨神经康复仪联合吞咽功能训练在小儿吞咽障碍中的应用。方法选取2022年2月至2023年5月山东大学附属儿童医院收治的82例吞咽障碍患儿,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(n=41)和研究组(n=41)。对照组予以吞咽功能训练,研究组予以神经康复仪联合吞咽功能训练。比较两组吞咽功能、生存质量及并发症发生情况。结果干预后,研究组吞咽障碍结局与严重度量表评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,研究组儿童生存质量普适性核心量表评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论神经康复仪联合吞咽功能训练在小儿吞咽障碍中的应用可改善患儿吞咽功能,提高生存质量,减少并发症发生风险,值得临床推广。