Construction and Environmental Protection of Large-scale Livestock and Poultry Farms

Large-scale breeding of livestock and poultry is the main way of modern animal husbandry development.This breeding method is widely used by the majority of owners because of its easy technical promotion,low breeding cost and good economic benefits.But with the development of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding,the pollution and damage to the environment caused by fecal pollution from large-scale livestock and poultry breeding has been criticized by many environmentalists.In this paper,through visit and investigation of large-scale livestock and poultry farms,the methods and measures of environmental protection in the construction of large-scale livestock and poultry farms are proposed.

Pollution Control Programs of Large-Scale Livestock and Poultry Farms in the Dianchi Lake Basin

With the enlarging scale and intensifying production of livestock and poultry breeding, the environment pollution becomes increasingly prominent in the Dianchi Lake Basin since 1990s. According to the survey of ＂The First National Census of Pollution Sources＂, occurrence and discharge of pollutants in large-scale livestock and poultry farms in this region were first understood. The pollution characteristics of large-scale live- stock and poultry breeding were also analyzed deeply. On this basis, the significance of pollution control programs for environment protection was investigated from aspects of pollution control policy, technology management and publicity.

Utilization Survey of Livestock Manure Resources in Large-scale Farms of Yangzhou

Based on surveying the conditions of large -scale farms and commercial manure in the each county of Yangzhou city, the situations and problems for utilization of livestock manure resources were grasped. After an analysis of the potential value of livestock manure, the suggestion and strategy for utilization of livestock manure resources were proposed based on the actual conditions in Yangzhou city.

The Effect of Land Degradation on Farm Size Dynamics and Crop-Livestock Farming System in Ethiopia: A Review

Ethiopia is among the poorest countries in which poverty, land and resource degradation appear to feed off each other. The irony is that Ethiopia is a country with high biodiversity and distinctive ecosystems and the natural resource base is critical to the economy and the livelihood of a high percentage of the population. Being the owner of varying agro ecology, the country’s agricultural production system had practiced for decades with a maximum potential. However, because of the presence of interrelated problems, the productivity had not sustained as its potential. From the interrelated problems, land degradation takes the first and challengeable problem in many countries. Land degradation refers to a temporary or permanent decline in the productive capacity of the land, or its potential for environmental management as a result;the long-term biological and environmental potential of the land has been compromised. Land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands (i.e. areas above 1500 m.a.s.l.) has been a concern for many years and is a great threat for the future that requires great effort and resources to ameliorate. It had adverse effect on lowering of livestock production by shrinking grazing land, the fertile soil types were washed and the grazing land was dominantly covered by unpalatable pastures and grasses which had low nutritive value and fertility for crop-livestock production system. In other cases, degradation induces farmers to convert land to lower-value uses;for instance, cropland converted to grazing land, or grazing lands converted to shrubs or forests. Equitable and secure access to land is a critical factor for the rural poor, especially livestock owners, who depend on agriculture and animal-related activities for their livelihood. Having secure access to land for agriculture and pastoral activities reduces their vulnerability and enhances their opportunities to invest in land for agriculture and livestock activities. Historical patterns of feudal ownership of land followed by government ownership and despite policy change uncertain status of land ownership. These land distribution and ownership patterns coupled with continuous fragmentations and degradation disrupt the balance between crop, livestock, and forest production. These things nowadays enforce Ethiopian farmers to put more land into crop production than working on livestock sector. Livelihoods are complex, dependent on animal and crop production based on land and water resources, with emerging market opportunities. And from year to year, the size of farms is getting minimized because of land degradation and segmentations, and these make a change in farm size dynamics and farming shift. Currently, there is a great scenario towards the land policy pattern and agricultural production system, which is the backbone of the country’s economy. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the effect of land degradation on farm size dynamics and crop-livestock production since the impact of these things is not well measured.

Feeding a Need A Chinese agricultural expert popularizes ecological livestock farming in Sao Toméand Príncipe

Toyamara Da Vera Cruz is all ears when Peng Yansen, her teacher, glves instructions. Although she has extensive experience in farming herself. coming from a long line of livestock breeders, Cruz is now learning a new skill from Peng.

Planning Evaluation on Spatial Layout of Livestock and Poultry Farms

The problems of spatial layout in livestock and poultry farms were discussed, and the development status of the planning evaluation on the spatial layout in recent years was systematically reviewed. The research progress in planning evaluation systems and methods was mainly intro- duced. And some opinions were proposed to solve these problems.

Maize Contract Farming Experience in Delta State,Nigeria

Many reviews and evaluations of contract farming and its importance for small-scale farmers in the developing nations have been conducted. While some scholars opined that contractual terms were unfavourable to farmers, others considerd them as being beneficial to them. These contrasting views were not likely to discourage it since it provided encouragement for farmers＇ involvement in markets. It was therefore worthwhile to investigate previous experiences with the aim of improving on it. This study investigated contract farming entered into by farmers in Delta State of Nigeria and livestock feed companies with the objective of seeking ways to make such contractual agreements beneficial to small-scale farmers. The study utilized convergence of science approach. The study unveiled the constraints experienced by farmers and they included technical and institutional challenges. The technical problem was the planting date, while the institutional problem was the contractual arrangements. It was recommended that all the stakeholders in the contract should converge and negotiate technological adoptions of the improved maize varieties; contract needed to be clearly def＇med and risks and uncertainties should be parts of the contract; scientific investigations should be carded out to determine the best planting date; and there was need for legislation to particularly protect farmers in contract farming.

LARGE-SCALE FARMING BENEFITS SOIL ACIDIFICATION ALLEVIATION THROUGH IMPROVED FIELD MANAGEMENT IN BANANA PLANTATIONS

Large-scale farming by agricultural land transfers has been increasingly promoted in recent years,but the possible impacts on crop production,especially cash crops,and soil acidification remain unclear.This study obtained data for 110 banana plantations in Long’an County,China,and categorized them into small(<0.67 ha),medium(0.67−6.7 ha),and large(>6.7 ha)to determine banana cultivation,nutrient management,and soil acidification rates on farms of the three sizes.Banana yield per unit area significantly increased with increased farm size,and large farms had the highest average yield(48.9 t·ha^(−1))with the least variation.Despite a significant increase in organic fertilizer and base cation inputs,nitrogen(N)surplus did not differ significantly with increasing farm size.With large farms,actual soil acidification rate was significantly lower by 19.1 to 24.0 keq·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1);however,potential soil acidification rate increased with increased overuse of phosphorus.Overall,larger banana plantations used fewer mineral N fertilizers reducing the rate of soil acidification and increasing the H+buffering provided by organic fertilizers.It is concluded that larger farms deliver the dual benefits of higher,less variable banana yield and mitigation of soil acidification by substituting organic N for mineral N fertilizers,supporting sustainable soil management and food production.

Preliminary Discussion on Farm Animal Welfare and Its Influence on Brand and Consumption of Chinese Livestock Products

Farm animal welfare(FAW) affects the health and sustainable development of animal husbandry. However, at present,there are still a lot of damage to FAW, and the situation of FAW in China is worrying. In this paper, the concept of FAW and brand are sketched and the importance of FAW is emphasized through analyzing the impact of FAW on the brand and consumption of animal products in China. Advices that more importance should be attached to FAW, animal welfare awareness should be promoted to publicity, and FAW legislation should be speed up are proposed.

Private Livestock Farms At the Southern Edge of the Ba Mountains

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Role and Effects of Eucommia ulmoides Leaves in the Growth Process of Livestock and Poultry

Substitutes of feed antibiotics have been a key research topic in the new stage of animal husbandry.Chinese veterinary medicine refers to decoction pieces and their preparations processed from natural plants,animals,and minerals and used for animal disease prevention and improvement of animal production performance under the guidance of Chinese veterinary pharmacy theory.Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract has many active functional components such as chlorogenic acid,E.ulmoides polysaccharides and flavonoids,which have many biological properties such as antibacterial,antioxidant,immune-regulation,sugar ester-and bone metabolism-regulation effects.This paper explored active ingredients and biological properties of E.ulmoides leaf extract,as well as its role and effects in livestock and poultry breeding,providing a scientific basis for the use of E.ulmoides leaves in livestock and poultry breeding.

畜禽养殖场臭气治理技术研究进展

随着我国畜禽养殖规模逐渐扩大,畜禽养殖场产生的臭气问题日渐突出。在畜禽养殖过程中,养殖场的臭气主要来源于畜禽粪尿、畜禽自身排出气体、饲料残渣、污水、堆肥间等,臭味大多与氨气、硫化氢、吲哚、粪臭素等相关,其中含量较多的成分是氨气和硫化氢,会对生态环境和人体健康甚至畜禽本身产生严重危害,因此对畜禽养殖场臭气的治理迫在眉睫。针对养殖场臭气治理,可采用源头减排、过程控制和末端治理三大途径,从异位和原位进行臭气控制:异位控制是通过物理、化学和生物法对已经释放的臭气进行末端控制;原位控制是通过一些饲料添加剂对畜禽体内进行调控,从而实现过程控制和源头减排臭气,以此减轻养殖场臭气产生的危害。本文基于国内外养殖场臭气治理的相关研究,系统梳理了养殖场臭气的治理技术,并分别对各个技术进行了相关典型案例分析,为养殖场臭气治理的研究提供了一定的技术参考。

畜禽机器人技术研究进展与未来展望

随着现代畜禽养殖业面临的挑战日益增加,包括提高生产效率、降低成本、确保动物福利以及应对环境变化等,机器人技术的应用成为推动该行业转型的关键。文章综述了畜禽养殖机器人技术的研究进展,涵盖了饲喂机器人、清洁机器人、巡检机器人、挤奶机器人以及其他相关领域的研究现状和技术特点。机器人技术在提升畜禽养殖业自动化和智能化水平中具有重要作用。其中,饲喂机器人通过精准控制饲料投放,提高了饲喂效率和养殖动物健康水平;清洁机器人能有效地管理畜牧环境,提升养殖场卫生条件;巡检机器人通过实时监测环境和动物健康状况,优化了养殖管理;挤奶机器人则实现了奶牛养殖自动化,提高了生产效率。探讨了畜禽养殖机器人技术面临的挑战与机遇,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

精准畜牧业研究脉络、主题演进与趋势展望

精准畜牧业应用信息技术实时监控和管理动物,改善其健康、福利、生产力和环境影响,促进畜牧业可持续发展,已成为多学科关注的重要议题。为厘清精准畜牧业研究的知识演变和热点更替情况,本研究基于2003-2022年Web of Science和CNKI数据库收录的相关文献数据,利用CiteSpace工具提取国家、机构、作者、关键词等信息绘制图谱,以可视化的方法展示精准畜牧业的研究进展,探测其研究的主要特征、研究脉络及热点主题。结果表明:国内外精准畜牧业研究发文数量呈增长趋势,欧美发达国家发文数量较高且国际合作密切,各国高校是研究的主要力量,Berckmans Daniel是全球研究的领军者,何东健是国内研究的有力推动者,研究主要涉及动物科学、兽医学、计算机科学、农业工程等学科;国外研究热点是智能系统和机器学习,研究方向集中在计算机视觉、机器学习和动物福利,研究前沿为动物形态;国内研究热点是物联网和机器视觉,研究方向集中在物联网、精准奶牛养殖和信息化,研究前沿包括行为识别、深度学习和目标检测。未来精准畜牧业研究应加强机构、学者间的交流与合作、注重多学科与多方法结合研究,并加强计算机视觉、机器学习、物联网、深度学习等技术的应用。

福建省部分规模化畜禽场隐孢子虫感染情况调查

为了解福建省规模化畜禽场隐孢子虫感染情况,对10个规模化畜禽场(牛场、猪场、羊场、鸡场、鸭场各2个)100份粪样采用隐孢子虫通用引物进行荧光定量PCR检测,结果相应牛场、猪场、羊场、鸡场、鸭场的隐孢子虫平均检出率分别为60.0%、45.0%、42.1%、42.9%和15.0%。该结果可为福建省规模化畜禽场的隐孢子虫防控及保障公共卫生安全提供参考。

畜禽场湿式空气洗涤法臭气处理技术研究进展

湿式空气洗涤法通过向洗涤水中添加酸或微生物营养液,使空气污染物由气相转移到液相,从而达到空气污染物去除的目的。湿式空气洗涤法是处理畜禽场中畜禽舍、堆肥车间等处排出的氨气(NH3)、臭气、颗粒物等空气污染物的技术之一。近年来我国部分规模猪场采用湿式空气洗涤法处理养殖废气,但处理效果有限,且系统建设和运维成本高,是制约该技术在畜禽场应用的主要因素。本文主要介绍了湿式洗涤法的工作原理、分类及相关参数,分析了湿式空气洗涤法对空气污染物的去除效率、洗涤水的应用以及湿式空气洗涤法的运维成本,以期为湿式空气洗涤法在我国畜禽场臭气处理中的应用提供参考。

养殖场的蝇类危害及防控方法

蝇类是重要的病媒昆虫,其幼虫可在养殖场的粪便及未经处理的动物尸体中大量孳生。圈舍内的大量蝇虫可通过影响畜禽休息和吸食血液等方式袭扰牲畜,降低其生产性能。更重要的是,蝇类的体表和体内可携带大量致病菌、病毒、寄生虫及虫卵等病原体;蝇虫具有边食、边吐、边排的习性,可机械性地传播各种病原体,是很多疾病的重要媒介。另外,一些蝇类的幼虫本身就是蝇蛆症的病原。因此,种群数量不受控制的蝇类可对畜禽和人类的健康造成严重威胁。养殖场蝇类的综合防控措施包括环境治理、化学防治、生物防治、物理或机械防治等。口服抗蝇蛆药是化学防治的一种,该类药物为昆虫生长调节剂,对畜禽毒性较低,混饲给药后在肠道吸收极少,随粪便排出,可阻断粪便中蝇蛆的发育而减少成蝇的数量。目前,常用的畜禽口服抗蝇蛆药有环丙氨嗪、除虫脲。本文综述了蝇类害虫的主要生物学习性、对养殖业的危害、综合防控措施以及口服抗蝇蛆药的应用情况,以期为养殖业的蝇害综合防控提供帮助,为口服抗蝇蛆药的开发提供参考。

ChatGPT在农业领域的应用前景分析与策略建议

农业是维系人类生存和发展的重要产业,随着全球人口不断增加,农业行业迫切需要采用新兴技术来提高农业生产能力。ChatGPT(Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer)作为一项具有划时代意义的人工智能技术,在农业领域中具有不可忽视的应用价值。本文分析了ChatGPT在农作物种植管理、畜牧业生产管理、农产品市场营销、农业教育与科技发展探索等领域中的应用潜力,同时指出了其相关的局限性,并提出了针对性的解决策略,旨在为农业生产、农业研究与发展领域的决策者和从业者提供一些参考。