Effects of constant light and dark conditions on the locomotor activity,body mass,and body temperature rhythms of Eurasian Tree Sparrows(Passer montanus)

Light is an essential environmental cue influencing the endogenous circadian clocks that regulate behavioral and physiological processes in animals.Despite extensive research on the circadian rhythms of avian behavior and physiology,the mechanisms by which they adapt and adjust to abnormal photoperiod conditions,such as artificial light,have yet to be fully elucidated.Here,the circadian rhythms of the body mass,activity,and core and peripheral body temperatures of the Eurasian Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus,ETS)-a diurnal passerine-were examined under three different lighting conditions:constant light(LL),constant darkness(DD),and normal light-dark cycles(LD).Our results showed that the activity,body mass,core,tarsometatarsus,and eye temperatures of the ETSs varied significantly with treatment,time,and the interaction between treatment and time;however,there was no significant change in body mass in response to the interaction between time and treatment.Under LD conditions,the ETSs exhibited significant circadian rhythms in activity and core,tarsometatarsus,and eye temperatures.Under LL conditions,only the core temperature exhibited significant rhythmicity.Under DD conditions,there were no significant circadian rhythms in activity,body mass,and eye temperature;however,the core and tarsometatarsus temperatures remained rhythmic.Our results indicate that the core body temperature rhythm of ETS is endogenous and can be maintained under abnormal photoperiods.In contrast,the activity and body surface temperature,uncoupled from the core body temperature under abnormal photoperiod conditions,strongly depend on light.These results differ from those of other diurnal avian species,suggesting a unique coping mechanism of ETS in response to an abnormal photoperiod.

In Vitro Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Activities of Extracts from Different Parts of 7 Zingiberaceae Plants

This study aimed to explore the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities of extracts from different parts of plants in the Zingiberaceae family.The inhibitory rate,minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of leaf and stem,and root and rhizome extracts from Alpinia katsumadai Hayata,Alpinia oxyphylla Miq×Alpinia henryi K.Schumann,Alpinia oblongifolia Hayata,Alpinia nigra(Gaertn.)Burtt,Amomum villosum Lour,Alpinia zerumbet(Pers.)Burtt.et Smith and Alpinia oxyphylla Miq were determined using the fungus cake method and double dilution method.The seven Zingiberaceae plants exhibited characteristic antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria and fungi.At a 1.5 mg mL^(−1),A.zerumbet root and rhizome extracts exhibited strong inhibitory activity against S.aureus and E.coli,with 83.23%and 79.62%,respectively.In addition,A.zerumbet leaf and stem extracts had an inhibitory rate of 90.85%against P.aeruginosa.At the same concentration,the leaf and stem,root and rhizome extracts of A.katsumadai had the best anti-bacterial effect against F.oxysporum,with inhibition rates of 84.46%and 84.73%,respectively.Moreover,A.katsumadai and A.zerumbet leaf and stem extracts had the most significant antibacterial effect against S.aureus,with a MIC of 0.063 mg mL^(−1).Thus,both A.katsumadai and A.zerumbet extracts had significant antibacterial activity.In addition,by comparing the inhibitory effect of extracts from different parts,it was found that the inhibitory rate and average inhibitory rate of extracts from leaf and stem were higher than those from root and rhizome.The chemical constituents of A.katsumadai and A.zerumbet,determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS),revealed that citric acid(CA),alpinetin,and pinocembrin(PNCB)were the functional constituents yielding the antibacterial activity.Overall,A.katsumadai and A.zerumbet have the potential to be developed as new plant fungicides and bactericides.

H∞ Control for Externally Excited Building Structures with Active Mass Damper under Actuator Saturation

This paper investigates the application of active mass dampers to mitigate the vibrations of building structures subjected to unknown external excitations under controller saturation conditions. By utilizing an H∞ control strategy, the optimal state feedback controller is derived by solving the linear matrix inequality problem for controller saturation. Case studies show that the proposed controller is capable of stabilizing the closed-loop system with good control performance and effectively suppressing vibrations in building structures under unknown external excitation. When compared to controllers that do not consider saturation, the proposed controller requires lower gain and results in reduced energy consumption. The research findings provide valuable insights for addressing real-world building structure control problems, contributing to both theoretical significance and practical applications.

Review of dynamics and active control of large-scale space membrane antenna

Large-scale space membrane antennas have significant potential in satellite communication,space-based early warning,and Earth observation.Because of their large size and high flexibility,the dynamic analysis and control of membrane antenna are challenging.To maintain the working performance of the antenna,the pointing and surface accuracies must be strictly maintained.Therefore,the accurate dynamic modeling and effective active control of large-scale space membrane antennas have great theoretical significance and practical value,and have attracted considerable interest in recent years.This paper reviews the dynamics and active control of large-scale space membrane antennas.First,the development and status of large-scale space membrane antennas are summarized.Subsequently,the key problems in the dynamics and active control of large membrane antennas,including the dynamics of wrinkled membranes,large-amplitude nonlinear vibration,nonlinear model reduction,rigid-flexible-thermal coupling dynamic modeling,on-orbit modal parameter identification,active vibration control,and wave-based vibration control,are discussed in detail.Finally,the research outlook and future trends are presented.

Physical activity, physical fitness, and body mass index in the Chinese child and adolescent populations： An update from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China The Youth Study

In this special issue of the Journal of Sport and Health Science,analyses of the most recent national prevalence estimates from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study(PAFCTYS)are presented.These include the prevalence of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)。

Responses of Vertical Structures in Convective and Stratiform Regions to Large-Scale Forcing during the Landfall of Severe Tropical Storm Bilis (2006)

The responses of vertical structures, in convective and stratiform regions, to the large-scale forcing during the landfall of tropical storm Bilis （2006） are investigated using the data from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. An imposed large-scale forcing with upward motion in the mid and upper troposphere and downward motion in the lower troposphere on 15 July suppresses convective clouds, which leads to -100% coverage of raining stratiform clouds over the entire model domain. The imposed forcing extends upward motion to the lower troposphere during 16-17 July, which leads to an enhancement of convective clouds and suppression of raining stratiform clouds. The switch of large-scale lower-tropospheric vertical velocity from weak downward motion on 15 July to moderate upward motion during 16-17 July produces a much broader distribution of the vertical velocity, water vapor and hydrometeor fluxes, perturbation specific humidity, and total hydrometeor mixing ratio during 16-17 July than those on 15 July in the analysis of contoured frequency-altitude diagrams. Further analysis of the water vapor budget reveals that local atmospheric moistening is mainly caused by the enhancement of evaporation of rain associated with downward motion on 15 July, whereas local atmospheric drying is mainly determined by the advective drying associated with downward motion over raining stratiform regions and by the net condensation associated with upward motion over convective regions during 16-17 July.

Effect of water temperature on digestive enzyme activity and gut mass in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka),with special reference to aestivation

The effect of water temperature on gut mass and digestive enzyme activity in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus,including relative gut mass (RGM),amylase,lipase,pepsin and trypsin activities were studied at temperatures of 7,14,21,and 28°C over a period of 40 days.Results show that RGM significantly decreased after 40 days at 21°C and markedly decreased over the whole experiment period at 28°C;however,no significant effect of duration was observed at 7 or 14°C.At 14°C,trypsin activity significantly decreased over 10 and 20 days,then increased;amylase and trypsin activity significantly decreased after 40 days at 28°C.However,no significant effect of duration was found on amylase,pepsin or trypsin activities in the other temperature treatment groups.At 28°C,lipase activity peaked in 20 days and then markedly decreased to a minimum at the end of the experiment.On the other hand,pepsin activity at 28°C continuously increased over the whole experimental period.Principle component analysis showed that sea cucumbers on day 40 in the 21°C group and in the previous 20 days in the 28°C group were in the prophase of aestivation.At 28°C,sea cucumbers aestivated at 30-40 days after the start of the experiment.It is concluded that the effect of temperature on the digestion of A.japonicus is comparatively weak within a specific range of water temperatures and aestivation behavior is accompanied by significant changes in RGM and digestive enzyme activities.

Heat and mass flux estimation of modem seafloor hydrothermal activity

Research on heat and mass flux yielded by modern seafloor hydrothermal activity is very important, because it is involved not only in the base of ocean environment research, but also in the historical evolution of seawater properties. Currently, estimating heat flux is based on the observation data of hydrothermal smokers, low-temperature diffusive flow and mid-ocean ridge mainly. But there are some faults, for example, there is lack of a concurrent conductive item in estimating the heat flux by smokers and the error between the half-space cooling model and the observation data is too large. So, three kinds of methods are applied to re-estimating the heat flux of hydrothermal activity resepectively, corresponding estimation is 97. 359 GW by hydrothermal smoker and diffusive flow, 84.895 GW by hydrothermal plume, and 4. 11 TW by exponential attenuation method put forward by this paper. Research on mass flux estimation is relatively rare, the main reason for this is insufficient field observation data. Mass fluxes of different elements are calculated using hydrothermal vent fluid data from the TAG hydrothermal area on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge for the first time. Difference of estimations by different methods reflects the researching extent of hydrothermal activity, and systematically in - situ observation will help to estimate the contribution of hydrothermal activity to ocean chemical environment, ocean circulation and global climate precisely.

Seismic response of controlled structures with active multiple tuned mass dampers

Active multiple tuned mass dampers （referred to as AMTMD）, which consist of several active tuned mass dampers （ATMDs） with identical stiffness and damping coefficients but varying mass and control force, have recently been proposed to suppress undesirable oscillations of structures under ground acceleration. It has been shown that the AMTMD can remarkably improve the performance of multiple tuned mass dampers （MTMDs） and is also more effective in reducing structure oscillation than single ATMDs. Notwithstanding this, good performance of AMTMD （including a single ATMD illustrated from frequency-domain analysis） may not necessarily translate into a good seismic reduction behavior in the time-domain. To investigate these phenomena, a three-story steel structure model controlled by AMTMD with three ATMDs was implemented in SIMULINK and subjected to several historical earthquakes. Likewise, the structure under consideration was assumed to have uncertainty of stiffness, such as 4-15% of its initial stiffness, in the numerical simulations. The optimum design parameters of the AMTMD were obtained in the frequency-domain by implementing the minimization of the minimum values of the maximum dynamic magnification factors （DMF） of general structures with AMTMD. For comparison purposes, response analysis of the same structure with a single ATMD was also performed. The numerical analysis and comparison show that the AMTMD generally renders better effectiveness when compared with a single ATMD for structures subjected to historical earthquakes. In particular, the AMTMD can improve the effectiveness of a single ATMD for a structure with an uncertainty of stiffness of 4-15% of its initial stiffness.

Model Reduction Methods for High-Rise Buildings with Active Mass Damper Control Systems

To improve the performance of an active mass damper control system,the controller should be designed based on a reduced-order model. An improved method based on balanced truncation method was proposed to reduce the dimension of high-rise buildings,and was compared with other widely used reduction methods by using a framework with ten floors. This optimized method has improvement of reduction process and choice of the order. Based on the reduced-order model obtained by the improved method and pole-assignment algorithm,a controller was designed. Finally,a comparative analysis of structural responses,transfer functions,and poles was conducted on an actual high-rise building. The results show the effectiveness of the improved method.

Facile fabrication of ultrafine nickel-iridium alloy nanoparticles/graphene hybrid with enhanced mass activity and stability for overall water splitting

Developing active and durable electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is desirable but challenging to realize sustainable hydrogen production.Here,we report a facile and general method to prepare ultrafine nickel(Ni)-iridium(Ir)alloy nanoparticles/graphene hybrids for overall water splitting.The optimized hybrid with 4.9 wt%Ir exhibits much higher catalytic activity and durability than commercial 20 wt%Ir/C for both oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Theoretical simulations reveal that the incorporation of Ir in metallic Ni lattice regulates hydrogen adsorption free energy to the optimum level,thus improving HER activity,while in situ generated amorphous Ir-Ni hydr(oxy)oxides around metallic Ni-Ir core have been demonstrated to be the active species under OER conditions,which switches OER rate-determining step to energy-favorable pathway.The overall water splitting electrolyzer assembled by the optimized electrocatalyst shows a low cell voltage of only 1.52 V and excellent stability to deliver a current density of 10 m A cm-2.This work provides a powerful strategy toward general synthesis of ultrafine alloy nanoparticles for high-performance overall water splitting.

Hybrid Active Contour Mammographic Mass Segmentation and Classification

This research implements a novel segmentation of mammographic mass.Three methods are proposed,namely,segmentation of mass based on iterative active contour,automatic region growing,and fully automatic mask selectionbased active contour techniques.In the first method,iterative threshold is performed for manual cropped preprocessed image,and active contour is applied thereafter.To overcome manual cropping in the second method,an automatic seed selection followed by region growing is performed.Given that the result is only a few images owing to over segmentation,the third method uses a fully automatic active contour.Results of the segmentation techniques are compared with the manual markup by experts,specifically by taking the difference in their mean values.Accordingly,the difference in the mean value of the third method is 1.0853,which indicates the closeness of the segmentation.Moreover,the proposed method is compared with the existing fuzzy C means and level set methods.The automatic mass segmentation based on active contour technique results in segmentation with high accuracy.By using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system,classification is done and results in a sensitivity of 94.73%,accuracy of 93.93%,and Mathew’s correlation coefficient(MCC)of 0.876.

Prevalence and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in a Cohort of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Correlation between Body Mass Index and Disease Activity

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease associated with high morbidity and increased cardiovascular disease, and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is understood as a set of metabolic disorders that correlates with obesity and sedentary lifestyle. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of MS in a cohort of patients with RA and its correlation to specific factors of the disease. A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 283 patients with RA, followed at the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) between 2008 and 2016;187 continued to be followed and agreed to be reevaluated between January and November 2016. MS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program and disease activity was assessed using the Disease Activity Score (DAS28). Clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric evaluations were conducted. The prevalence of MS in the first evaluation was 43.9% and, after 8 years, 59.4%. Increased waist circumference and blood pressures, elevated triglycerides and low High-Density Lipoprotein were the most frequent features of MS. The DAS28 was significantly lower in the reevaluation (p = 0.006). The prevalence of MS was higher at the end of 8 years;disease activity, as well as blood pressure, decreased during this period. Steroid use had also decreased at the end of follow-up. There was an increase of 15% of cases with MS in an 8-year follow-up cohort of patients, which was in agreement with the current literature and showed how the inflammatory process in RA is correlated to MS. The parameters of MS that varied the most were blood pressure, cholesterol and triglycerides. Ultimately, these parameters and disease activity must be observed closely in order to improve the prognosis of patients with RA.

UPLC-Q Exactive Plus-MS分析高粱壳化学成分及黄嘌呤氧化酶体外抑制活性筛选

采用高效液相色谱串联四极杆静电场轨道阱质谱对高粱壳中的化学成分进行分析鉴定,并通过高效液相色谱法筛选抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性成分。该实验使用Hypersil GOLD C_(18)色谱柱(2.1 nm×30 nm,3μm),以0.1%甲酸水(A)-乙腈(B)进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 m L/min,进样量10μL。质谱分析采用ESI离子源,在正离子模式下采集数据,利用Xcalibur 4.1软件结合数据库对所得数据进行分析,共鉴定出27种化学成分。对刺槐素、葛根素、芹菜素、根皮苷、异鼠李素和3,3’,4’,7-四羟基黄酮6种化学成分进行活性筛选,发现芹菜素和3,3’,4’,7-四羟基黄酮对黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)表现出较强的抑制活性,IC_(50)分别为18.11和34.59μmol/L。

Record of hydrothermal activity in the Yuhuang hydrothermal field and its implications for the Southwest Indian Ridge:evidence from sulfide chronology

The Yuhuang hydrothermal field(YHF)is located between the Indomed and Gallieni fracture zones near the top of the off-axis slope on the south rift wall of Segment 29 on the ultraslow Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR).Previous studies have shown that sulfides in the YHF formed during different mineralization episodes and the YHF has the greatest potential for the formation of large-scale seafloor massive sulfide deposits.However,the sulfide chronology and hydrothermal activity of the YHF remain poorly constrained.In this study,mineralogical analyses and 230Th/U dating were performed.Hydrothermal activity may start about(35.9±2.3)ka from the southwest part of the YHF and may cease about(708±81)a ago from the northeast part of the YHF.The 74 nonzero chronological data from hydrothermal sulfide samples provide the first quantitative characterization of the spatial and temporal history along the SWIR.Hydrothermal activity in the SWIR has been relatively active over the past20 ka.In contrast,between 40 ka and 100 ka,hydrothermal activity was relatively infrequently and short in duration.The maximum activity occurred at 15–11 ka,9–7 ka,6–0.2 ka.There was a slight positive correlation between the maximal age and estimated surface area or estimated tonnage.The minimum mass accumulation rate of YHF is about 278 t/a,which is higher than most HFs related to ultramafic systems.The ultraslow spreading SWIR has the greatest potential to form large-scale seafloor massive sulfides(SMS)deposits.The results of this study provide new insights into the metallogenic mechanism of hydrothermal sulfides along ultraslow-spreading ridges.

Infall and Outflow Activities in the Be star FY CMa

Unusual activity of outflow mass motion connected with infall events was recorded for the B0.5 IVe star FY CMa in February 1987 from both archival IUE spectrograms of circumstellar N v resonance lines and optical spectra of Ha and HeI γ5876 A emission lines which showed inverse P Cygni-type profiles. We estimate the mass loss rate using ultraviolet Si IVresonance lines with expanding atmosphere modeling calculations, and describe how the radial pressure performs the dominant role in accelerating the stellar wind. We attempt to give a qualitative explanation for the activity observed for FY CMa in terms of circumstellar matter raining down to the star.

SAFE-GC-MS/O法比较18种浓香型天然香辛料香气活性成分差异分析

采用溶剂萃取法,结合溶剂辅助蒸发(SAFE)装置,分离富集了18种浓香型天然香辛料的挥发性香气活性成分,使用气相色谱-质谱/嗅闻联用(GC-MS/O)对香气活性成分进行了定性定量分析,依据主成分分析法分析其含量差异。结果表明,在检测出的192种香气活性成分中,烯烃类化合物种类最多,为46种,其次为醇类39种、酯类29种、酮类22种、醛类20种、酚类13种、烷烃9种、酸类8种、醚类5种、含硫化合物1种。18种浓香型天然香辛料可依据主成分分析法分为4类:(1)以茴香脑为主的龙蒿、八角茴香、莳萝和小茴香;(2)以反式-肉桂醛、桉叶油醇为主的阴香;(3)以4-烯丙基苯乙酸酯和丁香酚为主的丁香、以桉叶油醇为主的小豆蔻、以乙酸桂酯为主的大清桂、以合成右旋龙脑、百里香酚和香芹酚为主的百里香、以反式-肉桂醛和丙位依兰油烯为主的桂皮、以左旋香芹酮为主的葛缕子、以黄樟素为主的肉豆蔻和以3-甲基苯甲酸乙酯为主的芹菜籽;(4)以芳樟醇和香叶醇为主的芫荽籽、以芳樟醇和4-烯丙基苯甲醚为主的甜罗勒、以乙酸芳樟酯为主的牛至、以肉豆蔻醚为主的多香果和以甲基丁香酚为主的香豆蔻。