This research investigates the impact of managed health care on academic medical centers in the United States. Academic medical centers hold a unique position in the U. S. health care system through their missions of ...This research investigates the impact of managed health care on academic medical centers in the United States. Academic medical centers hold a unique position in the U. S. health care system through their missions of conducting cutting-edge biomedical researeh, pursuing clinical and technological innovations, Providing state-of-the-art medical care and producing highly qUalified health professionals. However, policies to control costs through the use of managed care and limiting resources are detrimental to academic medical centers and impede the advancement of medical sciTo survive the threats of managed care in the health care environment, acadendc medical centers must rely on their upper level managers to derive successful strategies. The methods used in this study include qualitative approaches in the form of key informants and case studies. In addition, a survey questionnaire was sent to 1h8 CEOs in all the academic medical centers in the U. S. The findings revealed that managers who perform the liaison, monitor, entrepreneur and resource allocator roles are crucial to ensure the survival of academic medical centers, so that academic medical centers can continue their missions to serve the general public and promote their well-being.展开更多
This study aimed to clarify the conditions surrounding fatigue that are common to medical professionals working in emergency and critical care centers in Japan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight pro...This study aimed to clarify the conditions surrounding fatigue that are common to medical professionals working in emergency and critical care centers in Japan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight professionals ranging from doctors, nurses and pharmacists to clinical engineering technologists and radiation technologists. Their narratives were analyzed using the qualitative descriptive approach to determine fatigue common to all professionals and the reasons behind it. The five categories that emerged as the reasons for fatigue common to the subjects were [playing one’s role in treatment and procedures for emergency and critical patients], [accommodating the patient’s background and coming to terms with the outcome], [difficulties in liaising with other professionals], [feeling pressure as a responsible professional in emergency care] and [loss of sense of time caused by variable working hours]. The results revealed that fatigue common to all of the subjects was related to dealing with patients, coordinating with other professionals, having professional responsibilities and the working environment. This study suggests that arrangements to improve the working environment, ensure adequate staffing, and provide mental health support for the well-being of medical professionals working in emergency and critical care centers are necessary.展开更多
The aim of the study was to analyze the performance of large scale incinerator installed in a referral hospital. The study involved weighing and loading infectious waste of different composition (sharps and other wast...The aim of the study was to analyze the performance of large scale incinerator installed in a referral hospital. The study involved weighing and loading infectious waste of different composition (sharps and other waste), recording temperatures in the primary and secondary chamber with time, fuel used and collecting and weighing the bottom ash for 65 days. The analysis shows that the incinerator on average uses 362 L/day (45 L/h) to incinerate 945 kg of medical waste (40.8 kg/day of sharps waste and 904 kg/day of other waste), generating 51.2 kg of ash daily. The observed fuel consumption rate was too high necessitating corrective action. The average weight reduction was 94.6%. The study shows that the average sharps waste composition for medical waste incinerated was 4.3% and other waste was 95.7%. The incinerator capacity ranged between 100 and 130 kg/h. The fuel effectiveness ranged between 2.0 and 3.0 liters of diesel per kg of waste incinerated. The fuel effectiveness increased linearly with total waste incinerated and incinerator capacity, respectively, depending on the fuel consumption rate.展开更多
Due to medical waste’s infection and hazard, it can cause potential environmental and public health risks, so medical waste management is of great importance especially in developing countries. The objective of the s...Due to medical waste’s infection and hazard, it can cause potential environmental and public health risks, so medical waste management is of great importance especially in developing countries. The objective of the study was to analyze and assess current status of medical waste management in the light of semi-structured interview in medical institutions and the medical waste disposal centre. As a medium-sized city of China and its respective nature, Xinxiang was selected as the case study. In order to significantly improve eco-efficiency of medical waste management (MWM) and minimize the environmental risks, this paper identified key factors determining the implementation of MWM on the basis of the local realities and situations of medical waste, and then an integrated MWM system was developed. Such the regulations should be improved;MWM database platform should be strengthened;unified coordination ability of the MWM should be developed;and a suitable rural recycling network should be set up.展开更多
目的本文以大学附属教学医院的卒中急救绿色通道培训医师为主要研究对象,旨在提高新进医疗岗位医师的学习效率,改善临床工作的多种质控指标。方法设计多元化教学方法,包括临床案例式协作教学法、基于问题教学法、翻转课堂、一带一学习...目的本文以大学附属教学医院的卒中急救绿色通道培训医师为主要研究对象,旨在提高新进医疗岗位医师的学习效率,改善临床工作的多种质控指标。方法设计多元化教学方法,包括临床案例式协作教学法、基于问题教学法、翻转课堂、一带一学习、情景模拟及临床疗效反馈等,以一家教学医院区域性高级卒中中心的绿色通道患者和医师为调查对象,收集多环节时间点的质控指标以及教学互评反馈来评价教学效果。结果纳入2021年6月—2023年7月急诊卒中绿色通道诊疗环节中符合条件的患者194例,其中接受单纯静脉溶栓治疗者171例(88.14%),桥接治疗或者直接机械取栓者23例(11.86%),纳入观察学员为低年资住院医师10名,高年资住院医师5名。培训前收治患者88例(45.36%),培训后收治患者106例(54.64%),人口学基线特征差异无统计学意义。中位入院至静脉溶栓时间(door-to-needle time,DNT)缩短了4 min(44 min vs.48 min,P=0.150),DNT≤60 min比例分别为73.86%、65.09%(P=0.188)。培训后,中位知情同意谈话时间缩短了3.5 min(6.5 mi n vs.10 min,P=0.001);溶栓相关出血事件减少(培训前:牙龈出血1例,硬膜下血肿1例,消化道出血1例;培训后:无相关事件);大血管闭塞患者血管内治疗比例提升(16.98%vs.5.68%,P=0.015)。高年资与低年资住院医师对多元化教学模式绿色通道教学方法的认可度、对绿色通道学习方式的兴趣程度、病例质控环节提升满意度、影像库对解决问题适配度、文献指南库对解决问题适配度和自我学习能力提升6个方面的满意度相当,差异均无统计学意义。结论多元化培训方案可以提高绿色通道医师的卒中急救应对能力、谈话沟通技能及诊疗水平,改善工作质量和教学满意度,而且对低年资和高年资住院医师的临床学习均有帮助。展开更多
文摘This research investigates the impact of managed health care on academic medical centers in the United States. Academic medical centers hold a unique position in the U. S. health care system through their missions of conducting cutting-edge biomedical researeh, pursuing clinical and technological innovations, Providing state-of-the-art medical care and producing highly qUalified health professionals. However, policies to control costs through the use of managed care and limiting resources are detrimental to academic medical centers and impede the advancement of medical sciTo survive the threats of managed care in the health care environment, acadendc medical centers must rely on their upper level managers to derive successful strategies. The methods used in this study include qualitative approaches in the form of key informants and case studies. In addition, a survey questionnaire was sent to 1h8 CEOs in all the academic medical centers in the U. S. The findings revealed that managers who perform the liaison, monitor, entrepreneur and resource allocator roles are crucial to ensure the survival of academic medical centers, so that academic medical centers can continue their missions to serve the general public and promote their well-being.
文摘This study aimed to clarify the conditions surrounding fatigue that are common to medical professionals working in emergency and critical care centers in Japan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight professionals ranging from doctors, nurses and pharmacists to clinical engineering technologists and radiation technologists. Their narratives were analyzed using the qualitative descriptive approach to determine fatigue common to all professionals and the reasons behind it. The five categories that emerged as the reasons for fatigue common to the subjects were [playing one’s role in treatment and procedures for emergency and critical patients], [accommodating the patient’s background and coming to terms with the outcome], [difficulties in liaising with other professionals], [feeling pressure as a responsible professional in emergency care] and [loss of sense of time caused by variable working hours]. The results revealed that fatigue common to all of the subjects was related to dealing with patients, coordinating with other professionals, having professional responsibilities and the working environment. This study suggests that arrangements to improve the working environment, ensure adequate staffing, and provide mental health support for the well-being of medical professionals working in emergency and critical care centers are necessary.
文摘The aim of the study was to analyze the performance of large scale incinerator installed in a referral hospital. The study involved weighing and loading infectious waste of different composition (sharps and other waste), recording temperatures in the primary and secondary chamber with time, fuel used and collecting and weighing the bottom ash for 65 days. The analysis shows that the incinerator on average uses 362 L/day (45 L/h) to incinerate 945 kg of medical waste (40.8 kg/day of sharps waste and 904 kg/day of other waste), generating 51.2 kg of ash daily. The observed fuel consumption rate was too high necessitating corrective action. The average weight reduction was 94.6%. The study shows that the average sharps waste composition for medical waste incinerated was 4.3% and other waste was 95.7%. The incinerator capacity ranged between 100 and 130 kg/h. The fuel effectiveness ranged between 2.0 and 3.0 liters of diesel per kg of waste incinerated. The fuel effectiveness increased linearly with total waste incinerated and incinerator capacity, respectively, depending on the fuel consumption rate.
文摘Due to medical waste’s infection and hazard, it can cause potential environmental and public health risks, so medical waste management is of great importance especially in developing countries. The objective of the study was to analyze and assess current status of medical waste management in the light of semi-structured interview in medical institutions and the medical waste disposal centre. As a medium-sized city of China and its respective nature, Xinxiang was selected as the case study. In order to significantly improve eco-efficiency of medical waste management (MWM) and minimize the environmental risks, this paper identified key factors determining the implementation of MWM on the basis of the local realities and situations of medical waste, and then an integrated MWM system was developed. Such the regulations should be improved;MWM database platform should be strengthened;unified coordination ability of the MWM should be developed;and a suitable rural recycling network should be set up.
文摘目的本文以大学附属教学医院的卒中急救绿色通道培训医师为主要研究对象,旨在提高新进医疗岗位医师的学习效率,改善临床工作的多种质控指标。方法设计多元化教学方法,包括临床案例式协作教学法、基于问题教学法、翻转课堂、一带一学习、情景模拟及临床疗效反馈等,以一家教学医院区域性高级卒中中心的绿色通道患者和医师为调查对象,收集多环节时间点的质控指标以及教学互评反馈来评价教学效果。结果纳入2021年6月—2023年7月急诊卒中绿色通道诊疗环节中符合条件的患者194例,其中接受单纯静脉溶栓治疗者171例(88.14%),桥接治疗或者直接机械取栓者23例(11.86%),纳入观察学员为低年资住院医师10名,高年资住院医师5名。培训前收治患者88例(45.36%),培训后收治患者106例(54.64%),人口学基线特征差异无统计学意义。中位入院至静脉溶栓时间(door-to-needle time,DNT)缩短了4 min(44 min vs.48 min,P=0.150),DNT≤60 min比例分别为73.86%、65.09%(P=0.188)。培训后,中位知情同意谈话时间缩短了3.5 min(6.5 mi n vs.10 min,P=0.001);溶栓相关出血事件减少(培训前:牙龈出血1例,硬膜下血肿1例,消化道出血1例;培训后:无相关事件);大血管闭塞患者血管内治疗比例提升(16.98%vs.5.68%,P=0.015)。高年资与低年资住院医师对多元化教学模式绿色通道教学方法的认可度、对绿色通道学习方式的兴趣程度、病例质控环节提升满意度、影像库对解决问题适配度、文献指南库对解决问题适配度和自我学习能力提升6个方面的满意度相当,差异均无统计学意义。结论多元化培训方案可以提高绿色通道医师的卒中急救应对能力、谈话沟通技能及诊疗水平,改善工作质量和教学满意度,而且对低年资和高年资住院医师的临床学习均有帮助。