Application of methanol synthesis reactor to large-scale plants

The developing status of world large-scale methanol production technology is analyzed and Linda's JW low-pressure methanol synthesis reactor with uniform temperature is described. JW serial reactors have been successfully introduced in and applied in Harbin Gasification Plant and the productivity has been increased by 50% and now nine sets of equipments are successfully running in Harbin Gasification Plant,Jiangsu Xinya, Shandong Kenli,Henan Zhongyuan, Handan Xinyangguang,' Shanxi Weihua and Inner Mongolia Tianye. Now it has manufacturing the reactors of 300,000 t/a for Liaoning Dahua. Some solutions for the structure problems of 1000 ～5000 t/d methanol synthesis rectors are put forward.

Long-term stability analysis of large-scale underground plant of Xiangjiaba hydro-power station

Numerical analysis of the optimal supporting time and long-term stability index of the surrounding rocks in the underground plant of Xiangjiaba hydro-power station was carried out based on the rheological theory. Firstly,the mechanical parameters of each rock group were identified from the experimental data; secondly,the rheological calculation and analysis for the cavern in stepped excavation without supporting were made; finally,the optimal time for supporting at the characteristic point in a typical section was obtained while the creep rate and displacement after each excavation step has satisfied the criterion of the optimal supporting time. Excavation was repeated when the optimal time for supporting was identified,and the long-term stability creep time and the maximum creep deformation of the characteristic point were determined in accordance with the criterion of long-term stability index. It is shown that the optimal supporting time of the characteristic point in the underground plant of Xiangjiaba hydro-power station is 5-8 d,the long-term stability time of the typical section is 126 d,and the corresponding largest creep deformation is 24.30 mm. While the cavern is supported,the cavern deformation is significantly reduced and the stress states of the surrounding rock masses are remarkably improved.

Antibacterial activity of plant methanolic extracts on a field isolate of <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i>pvtomato from the Casablanca region (Morocco)

A bacterial field isolate recovered from infected tomato plants in a green-house at Sidi Rehal, a region near Casablanca city (Morocco), was identified as the gammaproteobacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 strain, the causal agent of bacterial speck. The bacterial isolate was characterized by morphological, biochemical and molecular biological tests, its growth curves carried out in various culture media, and its phytopathogenicity verified by infection tests. A screening was performed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of 12 selected Moroccan plants against the P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 isolate, and Agar-well diffusion and Broth microdilution methods were used to determine minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations. Among the methanolic extracts tested, only those of Nigella sativa, Geranuim robertianum, Aizoon canariense and Rubia peregrine showed clear inhibitory and bactericidal activities, although the highest values were achieved with N. sativa, a plant used in Morocco as a spice, condiment and medicinal treatment.

180×10^(4)t/a甲醇装置合成催化剂国产化应用探析

国内大型甲醇装置主要采用国外甲醇合成工艺包和催化剂,不利于我国现代煤化工技术的长期稳定发展。中国神华煤制油化工有限公司首次在一个产能180×10^(4)t/a的甲醇装置中实现了国产甲醇合成催化剂的应用。对比分析了国外某甲醇合成催化剂(M催化剂)和国内某甲醇合成催化剂(C催化剂)的物化参数、升温还原过程及生产运行情况。结果表明,与M催化剂相比,C催化剂的优点在于活性高(尤其是低温活性突出)、稳定性强、气体单程转化率高,以及副产物和结蜡较少。此外,C催化剂较M催化剂具有更好的节能降耗效果,在设定条件(电价格0.3 CNY/(kW·h)、水价格0.15 CNY/t和蒸汽价格100 CNY/t)下,使用C催化剂可节约667.8×10^(4)CNY/a左右。目前,C催化剂在该装置中已稳定运行超过1年,装置生产负荷接近110%。

甲醇装置脱硫槽压差升高的原因分析及应对措施

甲醇装置采用乙烯装置裂解单元的低压甲烷为原料,原料中烯烃含量偏高的情况时有发生,影响甲醇装置的安全平稳运行。甲醇装置在脱硫槽更换了具有加氢能力的B脱硫剂后,出现了压差逐渐升高的情况,通过现场验证和实操摸索,并采用低温加氢工艺技措,有效解决了脱硫槽压差升高的瓶颈问题。

化工厂智能安监巡检机器人的研发与应用

煤制甲醇化工厂气化车间在生产过程中存在高温高压、易燃易爆或者有毒气体,这些气体在工厂生产过程存在重大安全隐患,若气体泄漏后一段时间内未能得到及时处理,极易造成闪燃爆炸或者人员中毒事故,引起设备损坏或重大人员伤亡的恶性生产事件。为了保障生产安全,基于导航定位技术、非接触检测技术、模式识别技术、多传感融合技术、物联网技术等高新机器人技术理论,开发出化工厂智能安监巡检机器人,实现车间全天候、全方位、全自主智能巡检和监控,有效降低了人工巡检运维成本,增强了有毒有害气体泄漏巡检效率,充分保障化工厂生产安全和巡检人员人身安全,提高智能化工厂自动化智能化建设水平。

煤制甲醇污水深度处理工艺应用实践

针对兖州煤业榆林能化有限公司甲醇厂在煤制甲醇生产过程中,产生废水量大、传统物理处理和生物处理时工艺能耗大、成本高以及中水利用率低等技术难题,通过技术研究根据当前煤制甲醇废水处理现状,对废水处理工艺进行优化,提出IMC污水处理工艺,并采用双膜法深度处理循环水系统进行污水排放。通过实际应用效果:污水处理系统优化后污水排放量由原来的187 t/h减少至32 t/h,污水循环利用率提高了92.4%,污水处理费用减少了107.9万元/年,取得了显著应用成效。

Research Progress on Energy Plants in Piggery Wastewater Treatment

Large-scale pig-raising can discharge a great deal of wastewater,which contains high content of organic matter,ammonia nitrogen and suspended solids.The improper treatment of the piggery wastewater can lead to serious environmental problems. As a liquid fertilizer,piggery wastewater is relatively low in fertilizer efficiency and high in transportation cost,so it is very necessary to treat it in situ. Energy plants have the advantages of rapid growth,large biomass,strong tillering ability and developed root system. Therefore,energy plants can be used to absorb and transform the pollutants( like nitrogen and phosphorus) in piggery wastewater into the components of plants,as well as form the rhizosphere environment which is conducive to microbial growth,so as to enhance the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The obtained energy plants can be recycled as the raw materials for biogas to increase the production of biogas,which brings economic benefits while solving the environmental problems caused by piggery wastewater.

Activities of Some Nigerian Medicinal Plants against <i>Aedes aegypti</i>

Extracts and constituents of medicinal plants have proven to be biodegradable, had low mammalian toxicity and induction of resistance, and comparable activities to the standard drugs. Therefore, methanolic extracts of some plants that are termite resistant or used ethnomedically as antimalarial and febrifuge were evaluated for activities against 4th-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. A 61 % of these plants with these properties demonstrated larvicidal activities and may confirm the usefulness of these properties in choosing plant larvicides. This is the first report of larvicidal activities of stem barks and leaves of Blighia sapida and Baphia nitida, stem barks of Markhamia tomentosa and Newboldia laevis, and whole plants of Euphorbia macrophylla. Extracts of B. sapida stem bark, Costus specious root and Xylopia aethiopica seed, with LC50 1.71, 1.47 and 1.49 mg/ml at 48 h, respectively, were the most active and had significant activities that were comparable to Endosulphan. Hence, they may be used as plant larvicides in the control of dengue and yellow fever.

Histological Effect of Viola Odorata Methanolic Extract and Methotraxate Induced in Albino Male Mice

The objective of this study was to considere as an explorer for in vivo studies on the production of some secondary metabolites from local medical plants named Viola odorata. Viola odorata commonly known as “garden violet or sweet violet” belongs to family Violaceae, is a slow growing perennial, with stout rootstock, grows in hedgerows, rough land and margins of woodland. 200 mg/kg of methanol extract for V. odorata was interacted with methotrexate as a drug in albino mice to see the healing capacity for this extract. Different organs were used such as intestine, kidney, spleen, and testes for this experiment. Each organ response was recorded in this experiment. Histopathological section in the intestine of animal treated with MTX and plant showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells and increased cellularity of lamna properia while Histopathological section in the testes of animal treated with MTX and plant showed no sperm in the seminiferous tubules of epididymis with the round multi-nuclei cell in the lumen accompanied by homogeneous material and cellular debris while Histopathological section in the spleen of animal treated with MTX and plant proliferation of lymphocytes in the periarteriolar sheath and proliferation of mononuclear cells around sinus in red pulp and Histopathological section in the kidney of animal treated with MTX and plant mononuclear cells aggregation in the interstitial tissue mainly around blood vessels and in the adipose tissue and renal tubules. Other sections showed hydropic degeneration of renal tubules.

Carbon Dioxide Mineralisation and Integration with Flue Gas Desulphurisation Applied to a Modern Coal-Fired Power Plant

For Finland, carbon dioxide mineralisation was identified as the only option for CCS （carbon capture and storage） application. Unfortunately it has not been embraced by the power sector. One interesting source-sink combination, however, is formed by magnesium silicate resources at Vammala, located -85 km east of the 565 MWe coal-fired Meri-Pori Power Plant on the country＇s southwest coast. This paper assesses mineral sequestration of Meri-Pori power plant CO2, using Vammala mineral resources and the mineralisation process under development at Abo Akademi University. That process implies Mg（OH）E production from magnesium silicate-based rock, followed by gas/solid carbonation of the Mg（OH）2 in a pressurised fluidised bed. Reported are results on experimental work, i.e., Mg（OH）2 production, with rock from locations close to Meri-Pori. Results suggest a total CO2 fixation capacity -50 Mt CO2 for the Vammala site, although production of Mg（OH）2 from rock from the site is challenging. Finally, as mineralisation could be directly applied to flue gases without CO2 pre-capture, we report from experimental work on carbonation of Mg（OH）2 with CO2 and CO2-SO2-O2 gas mixtures. Results show that SO2 readily reacts with Mg（OH）2, providing an opportunity to simultaneously capture SO2 and CO2, which could make separate flue gas desulphurisation redundant.

Resonance Mechanism Analysis of Large-scale Photovoltaic Power Plant

To analyze the resonance mechanism of a photovoltaic(PV)power plant,a simplified impedance model of the PV power plant is first established.The structure of the PV power plant is then introduced,and the reason for the resonance is obtained by analyzing the on-site situation and measured data of the PV power plant.Finally,a simple and effective solution is proposed based on the structure of the PV power plant and its existing facilities.The results of the engineering experiments and the stable operation of the PV power plant verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

某海外甲醇项目模块化实施分析

在人工成本高昂的海外地区建设陆上大型项目,模块化已成为优先考虑的建造方式。通过对某海外甲醇项目的实例分析,从多方面探讨了模块化方式的特点,首先分析了需要优先考虑模块化的前提条件;随后讨论了过程中需要特别关注的影响因素;然后计算国内建造定额和国外人工成本,可直观地看出两者存在的巨大差距;通过比较传统方式建造和模块化建造的材料、人工等各项成本,着重分析了模块化在降低项目建设成本方面的显著优势。经过成本的对比和分析可清楚地看出,采用模块化建造方式可以极大地减少项目投资,对人工成本影响极大。

甲醇装置转化炉前补碳技术分析

以某甲醇生产企业中的甲醇装置转化炉改造项目为例,对前补碳技术在其中的应用进行分析,以及甲醇装置转化炉改造项目概况、前补碳技术的主要原理及其改造技术、前补碳技术在本次改造项目中的具体应用分析。

甲醇厂气化炉常见故障及处理措施

针对甲醇厂煤气化作业过程中气化炉频繁出现故障,严重制约着甲醇厂安全稳定生产的问题,重点对气化炉常见故障类型及原因进行分析,并根据实际情况提出了合理有效的处理措施,从而进一步降低气化炉故障率,减少设备维修费用,保障甲醇厂生产安全。

二氧化碳压缩机增速箱异常跳车原因分析及对策

在开车过程中,甲醇装置二氧化碳压缩机增速箱低速轴驱动端轴承振动异常,造成机组连锁跳车。从轴承系统装配数据、静电腐蚀、润滑油及频谱图谱等方面进行了分析排查,确认为轴瓦间隙变大,造成轴承系统稳定性变差,启机过程中转子失稳发生油膜涡动,最终导致跳车。

60万t甲醇厂煤气化工艺对比分析研究

基于甲醇厂传统Texaco煤气化工艺在施工过程中煤气化效率低、煤种适用性小、甲醇生产综合能耗高等技术难题,重点阐述了Texaco和Shell两种煤气化工艺流程及特点,从甲醇生产能耗、技术经济性、工艺指标等方面进行对比分析。对比分析表明,Shell干煤粉气化工艺具有煤种适用性广、碳转化率高、耗氧量低、生产能力大等优点,满足甲醇厂生产需求,具有显著应用成效。

甲醇合成装置尾气的高效回收利用

介绍甲醇合成装置运行现状和存在的问题,分析甲醇合成装置尾气组分和放空原因,探寻尾气再利用的可行性。结果表明,通过技术改造可以将尾气全回收,并作为蒸汽过热炉的燃料气,实现火炬气零排放目标,确保蒸汽过热炉运行状况良好。

煤化工装置锅炉给水呈酸性的原因分析及应对措施

结合某公司煤化工装置的运行实际,分析了锅炉给水、脱盐水呈酸性对煤化工生产运行的影响,以及锅炉给水pH值最低下降至4.2的主要原因是配套的脱盐水站混床再生时盐酸进入制水系统引起的,并提出了相应的应急处置措施和防范措施。

枇杷叶中三萜酸类成分及其抗炎、镇咳活性研究

目的 对常用中药枇杷叶 [Eriobotryajaponica (Thunb .)Lindl.]的化学和药效学进行研究 ,寻找与其功能主治相吻合的有效成分。方法 利用溶剂提取、萃取、柱色谱和化学衍生化方法进行分离 ,根据化合物的光谱数据 (IR ,MS ,1H NMR ,13 C NMR)和理化性质鉴定其结构 ;根据其功能主治设计抗炎、镇咳药效学模型 ,对其萃取部位和所得单体成分进行抗炎、镇咳活性研究。结果 枇杷叶乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物对二甲苯引起的小鼠耳肿胀有明显抑制作用 ,对枸橼酸喷雾引起的豚鼠咳嗽有明显的止咳作用。从正丁醇萃取物中分离得到 6个三萜酸类化合物 ,分别鉴定为齐墩果酸 (oleanolicacid ,Ⅰ ) ,2α 羟基齐墩果酸 (maslinicacid ,Ⅱ ) ,乌苏酸 (ursolicacid ,Ⅲ ) ,2α 羟基乌苏酸 (2α hydroxyursolicacid ,Ⅳ ) ,坡模酸 (pomolicacid ,Ⅴ )和蔷薇酸 (euscaphicacid ,Ⅵ ) ,其中坡模酸系首次从该植物中分离得到。乌苏酸、2α 羟基齐墩果酸和总三萜酸对二甲苯引起的小鼠耳肿胀显示很强的抗炎活性 ;乌苏酸和总三萜酸还对枸橼酸喷雾引起的豚鼠咳嗽有止咳作用。结论 枇杷叶中的三萜酸类成分是与其功能主治相吻合的活性成分 ,其中含量较高的乌苏酸可作为评价枇杷叶药材质量的指标性成分。