Large-scale model testing of high-pressure grouting reinforcement for bedding slope with rapid-setting polyurethane

Bedding slope is a typical heterogeneous slope consisting of different soil/rock layers and is likely to slide along the weakest interface.Conventional slope protection methods for bedding slopes,such as retaining walls,stabilizing piles,and anchors,are time-consuming and labor-and energy-intensive.This study proposes an innovative polymer grout method to improve the bearing capacity and reduce the displacement of bedding slopes.A series of large-scale model tests were carried out to verify the effectiveness of polymer grout in protecting bedding slopes.Specifically,load-displacement relationships and failure patterns were analyzed for different testing slopes with various dosages of polymer.Results show the great potential of polymer grout in improving bearing capacity,reducing settlement,and protecting slopes from being crushed under shearing.The polymer-treated slopes remained structurally intact,while the untreated slope exhibited considerable damage when subjected to loads surpassing the bearing capacity.It is also found that polymer-cemented soils concentrate around the injection pipe,forming a fan-shaped sheet-like structure.This study proves the improvement of polymer grouting for bedding slope treatment and will contribute to the development of a fast method to protect bedding slopes from landslides.

Simulation of large-scale numerical substructure in real-time dynamic hybrid testing

A solution scheme is proposed in this paper for an existing RTDHT system to simulate large-scale finite element （FE） numerical substructures. The analysis of the FE numerical substructure is split into response analysis and signal generation tasks, and executed in two different target computers in real-time. One target computer implements the response analysis task, wherein a large time-step is used to solve the FE substructure, and another target computer implements the signal generation task, wherein an interpolation program is used to generate control signals in a small time-step to meet the input demand of the controller. By using this strategy, the scale of the FE numerical substructure simulation may be increased significantly. The proposed scheme is initially verified by two FE numerical substructure models with 98 and 1240 degrees of freedom （DOFs）. Thereafter, RTDHTs of a single frame-foundation structure are implemented where the foundation, considered as the numerical substructure, is simulated by the FE model with 1240 DOFs. Good agreements between the results of the RTDHT and those from the FE analysis in ABAQUS are obtained.

Psychological problems related to capillary blood glucose testing and insulin injection among diabetes patients

Objective:This review is aimed at explaining the psychological problems related to capillary blood glucose(CBG)testing and insulin injection,as well as recommending essential strategies to solve the fear thereof.Methods:Databases,including PubMed,Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL),Scopus,and Google Scholar,were searched to extract the relevant articles.Initially,the terms used to retrieve related studies were"fear of blood glucose monitoring","anxiety capillary blood glucose testing and insulin injection","psychological problems on blood glucose monitoring and insulin injection","diabetes management",and"diabetes mellitus".Results:Results showed that the psychological problems related to CBG testing and insulin injection were associated with the stress and depression experienced during diabetes self-monitoring of blood glucose.This psychological issue has its impacts such as nonadherence to medication as well as a lack of self-discipline in terms of CBG testing and insulin injection.Inadequate information,inappropriate perception,and pain/discomfort during pricking of fingers were the main reasons for the psychological issues in CBG testing and self-injection of insulin.Conclusions:The expected benefits of this review include the explanation of the issues related to the psychological problems in CBG testing and insulin injection among type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.This review article also provides the recommendations on providing counseling and empowering the patients on CBG monitoring and insulin injection.Moreover,family members should provide psychological support to reduce fear,anxiety,and distress arising from CBG testing and insulin injection.

Uncertainty following an inconclusive result from the BRCA1/2 genetic test:A review about psychological outcomes

BACKGROUND An inconclusive result from BRCA1/2 genetic testing indicates that a genetic variant of uncertain significance is detected.This case constitutes the majority of genetic test results,but studies specifically addressing the psychological adjustment of people with inconclusive results are scarce.AIM To examine psychological outcomes of receiving an uninformative BRCA1/2 test result.METHODS PubMed,PsychInfo,and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were screened for studies focusing on distress,anxiety,and depression levels in individuals with inconclusive genetic test results.This review is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method.RESULTS Studies on psychological outcomes of inconclusive BRCA1/2 focused on general and specific distress,anxiety,and depression.Overall,they produced mixed results.These inconsistent findings are probably due to the uncertainty caused by this type of result,that may also influence the decisions of individuals about surveillance and prophylactic options,reducing their compliance.In addition,this review highlights specific risk and protective factors that affect psychological adjustment in individuals with an inconclusive genetic testing result.CONCLUSION Individuals with inconclusive genetic test results need specific educational programs and support to better understand the meaning of their results in order to be able to make decisions about surveillance and prophylactic options.

The Application of HTP Projection Test in the Psychological Survey of Tibetan and Han College Students

The projective test is not only helpful to find the potential psychological crisis,but also to overcome the language barrier and make up for the deficiency of the questionnaire test to a certain extent.In this study,403 college students(205 Tibetan students and 198 Han students)from a national college were selected to test their mental health with Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)and House-Tree-Person test(HTP).By comparing the results of questionnaire test and drawing projection test,it is found that SCL-90 and HTP test are significantly related to the positive screening results of four factors:Somatization,Depression,Anxiety and Phobic Anxiety.Both HTP test and SCL-90 test results show that the scores of Somatization,Depression,Anxiety and Phobic Anxiety of Tibetan and Han college students were significantly different;the scores of Anxiety and Phobic Anxiety of different gender college students were significantly different.Using HTP test as a supplementary test of questionnaire test can effectively improve the accuracy of screening.

Design of a large-scale model for wind tunnel test of a multiadaptive flap concept

The design and application of morphing systems are ongoing issues compelling the aviation industry.The Clean Sky-program represents the most significant aeronautical research ever launched in Europe on advanced technologies for greening next-generation aircraft.The primary purpose of the program is to develop new concepts aimed at decreasing the effects of aviation on the environment,increasing reliability,and promoting eco-friendly mobility.These ambitions are pursued through research on enabling technologies fostering noise and gas emissions reduction,mainly by improving aircraft aerodynamic performances.Within the Clean Sky framework,a multimodal morphing flap device was designed based on tight industrial requirements and tailored for large civil aircraft applications.The flap is deployed in one unique setting,and its cross section is morphed differently in take-off and landing to get the necessary extra lift for the specific flight phase.Moreover,during the cruise,the tip of the flap is deflected for load control and induced drag reduction.Before manufacturing the first flap prototype,a high-speed(Ma=0.3),large-scale test campaign(geometric scale factor 1:3)was deemed necessary to validate the performance improvements brought by this novel system at the aircraft level.On the other hand,the geometrical scaling of the flap prototype was considered impracticable due to the unscalability of the embedded mechanisms and actuators for shape transition.Therefore,a new architecture was conceived for the flap model to comply with the scaled dimensions requirements,withstand the relevant loads expected during the wind tunnel tests and emulate the shape transition capabilities of the true-scale flap.Simplified strategies were developed to effectively morph the model during wind tunnel tests while ensuring the robustness of each morphed configuration and maintaining adequate stiffness levels to prevent undesirable deviations from the intended aerodynamic shapes.Additionally,a simplified design was conceived for the flap-wing interface,allowing for quick adjustments of the flap setting and enabling load transmission paths like those arising between the full-scale flap and the wing.The design process followed for the definition of this challenging wind tunnel model has been addressed in this work,covering the definition of the conceptual layout,the numerical evaluation of the most severe loads expected during the test,and the verification of the structural layout by means of advanced finite element analyses.

Large-scale experimental study on scour around offshore wind monopiles under irregular waves

The Keulegan-Carpenter(KC)number is the main dimensionless parameter that affects the local scour of offshore wind power monopile foundations.This study conducted large-scale(1:13)physical model tests to study the local scour shape,equilibrium scour depth,and local scour volume of offshore wind power monopiles under the action of irregular waves with different KC numbers.Systematic experiments were carried out with the KC number ranging from 1.0 to 13.0.With a small KC number(KC<6),and especially when the KC number was less than 4,the scour mainly occurred on both cross-flow sides of the monopile with a low scour depth.When the KC number exceeded 4,the shape of the scour hole changed from a fan to an ellipse,and the maximum scour depth increased significantly with KC.With a large KC number(KC>6),the proposed method better predicted the equilibrium scour depth when the wave broke.In addition,according to the results of three-dimensional terrain scanning,the relationship between the local equilibrium scour volume of a single offshore wind power monopile and the KC number was derived.This provided a rational method for estimation of the riprap redundancy for monopile protection against scour.

Designing of A Computerized Cognitive Adaptive Testing Model

Therecouldbenoscienceasweknowitwithoutmeasurement.Testing,includingallformsoflanguagetestingandpsychometricsitself,isoneformofmeasurement.Alanguagetestmaybedefinedasaprocedureforelicitinglanguageperformanceandaprocedureforassessingthatperformance.How...

Laboratory large-scale pullout investigation of a new reinforcement ofcomposite geosynthetic strip

In this paper,more than 70 large-scale pullout tests were performed to evaluate the performance of an innovative composite geosynthetic strip(CGS)reinforcement in sandy backfill.The CGS reinforcement is composed of a geosynthetic strip(GS)and parts of a scrap truck tire as transverse members.The experimental pullout results for the CGS reinforcement were compared with the suggested theoretical equations and ordinary reinforcements,including the GS,the steel strip(SS),and the steel strip with rib(SSR).The pullout test results show that adding three transverse members to the GS reinforcement(CGS3)with S/H?6.6(where S and H are the space and height of the transverse members,respectively)increases pullout resistance by more than 120%,170%,and 50%compared to the GS,the SS,and the SSR,respectively.This result shows that the CGS3(CGS with three transverse members)reinforcement needs at least 55.5%,63%,and 33.3%smaller length compared to the GS,the SS,and the SSR,respectively.In general,implementation of mechanically stabilized earth wall(MSEW)with the proposed strip may help geotechnical engineers prevent costly designs and solve the problem of MSEW implementation in cases where there are limitations of space.

Need for Achievement： Competency-Based Testing and Its Normative Premises 1970-2000

Competency-based testing is part of a broader trend towards a psychologization of the pedagogical which is characteristic for the educational systems of the USA and Europe in the second halve of the 20th century. The article examines David C. McClelland＇s pathbreaking paper Testing for Competence Rather Than for ＂Intelligence （1973） as an important testimony of this trend. McClelland＇s paper breaks down into two halves that rely on fundamentally different normative premises： on the one hand the political demand for social equality, on the other hand the economic demand for increased performance. Only the latter demand, which is formulated most forcefully in McClelland＇s book The Achieving Society （1961）, can be considered as a crucial factor in determining the course of the recent reforms of the educational systems of the German-speaking world. A clear example of this can be seen in Franz E. Weinert＇s influential paper on Comparative Performance Measurement in Schools （2001）.

Assessing cutter-rock interaction during TBM tunnelling in granite:Large-scale standing rotary cutting tests and 3D DEM simulations

The widespread utilisation of tunnel boring machines(TBMs)in underground construction engineering requires a detailed investigation of the cutter-rock interaction.In this paper,we conduct a series of largescale standing rotary cutting tests on granite in conjunction with high-fidelity numerical simulations based on a particle-type discrete element method(DEM)to explore the effects of key cutting parameters on the TBM cutter performance and the distribution of cutter-rock contact stresses.The assessment results of cutter performance obtained from the cutting tests and numerical simulations reveal similar dependencies on the key cutting parameters.More specifically,the normal and rolling forces exhibit a positive correlation with penetration but are slightly influenced by the cutting radius.In contrast,the side force decreases as the cutting radius increases.Additionally,the side force shows a positive relationship with the penetration for smaller cutting radii but tends to become negative as the cutting radius increases.The cutter's relative effectiveness in rock breaking is significantly impacted by the penetration but shows little dependency on the cutting radius.Consequently,an optimal penetration is identified,leading to a low boreability index and specific energy.A combined Hertz-Weibull function is developed to fit the cutter-rock contact stress distribution obtained in DEM simulations,whereby an improved CSM(Colorado School of Mines)model is proposed by replacing the original monotonic cutting force distribution with this combined Hertz-Weibull model.The proposed model outperforms the original CSM model as demonstrated by a comparison of the estimated cutting forces with those from the tests/simulations.The findings from this work that advance our understanding of TBM cutter performance have important implications for improving the efficiency and reliability of TBM tunnelling in granite.

老年抑郁问卷在心力衰竭患者中的应用性评估

目的:评估老年抑郁问卷(geriatric depression inventory,GDI)在老年心力衰竭患者中进行抑郁障碍筛查的价值,确定最佳划界分。方法:采用方便抽样法,选取2017年9月至2018年12月期间,在北京市三家综合医院就诊的老年心力衰竭患者,共195例接受了GDI评估。以中文版简明国际神经精神访谈(mini-international neuropsychiatric interview,M.I.N.I.)为“金标准”。结果:根据M.I.N.I.结果,受试者被分为抑郁障碍组(共90例,其中包括52例重性抑郁障碍,30例轻性抑郁障碍,8例心境恶劣)和非抑郁障碍组(105例)。GDI的ROC曲线下面积为0.98(SE=0.01,95%CI:0.97~1.00,P<0.01)。最佳划界分为5分,此时灵敏度和特异度均为93.3%,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为94.5%和94.2%。结论:GDI在老年心力衰竭人群进行抑郁障碍筛查时筛查价值高,可在该人群中进行推广,最佳划界分为5分。

亮度和速度协同下公路隧道口路段驾驶舒适度研究

为探究山区双车道公路隧道口路段驾驶心理负荷的变化特性,本文采用实车试验的研究手段,招募27名驾驶人作为被试,选择重庆市境内的9座隧道作为试验场景,采集驾驶人、车辆和驾驶环境的行车数据,使用驾驶人的心率增长率表征驾驶心理负荷。通过数据分析,对驾驶人在隧道口路段的驾驶心理负荷与亮度和速度的相关性进行研究。结果表明,山区双车道公路隧道入口段的驾驶心理负荷大于出口段;在环境亮度小于500 cd·m^(-2)时,驾驶心理负荷对亮度的变化更为敏感,进而提出亮度变化率的计算公式,当亮度变化率在60%时,黑洞和白洞效应对驾驶人的心理影响趋于相同;在隧道口路段,速度对驾驶心理负荷具有放大效应;根据驾驶心理负荷值,划分隧道口路段的驾驶舒适度区间,提出基于驾驶舒适度需求的亮度变化率和速度的安全阈值,并给出计及亮度变化率和隧道口净空高度的亮度曲线。

基于非驾驶任务的智能座舱出错因子提取与分析

目的针对当前汽车智能座舱系统逐渐由驾驶为主转变为关注驾驶与舱内体验两方面的趋势,通过提取并分析驾驶员的人因差错,探讨智能座舱人机交互界面的设计分析方法。方法基于实车操作实验,选取了10个常见的智能座舱非驾驶任务,对其交互过程中的出错因子进行了提取,结合错误背后的认知机制,形成智能座舱错因聚类,并横向对比了三款不同座舱界面的出错因子复现频率。结果在认知框架的不同模块中,出错因子的复现频率存在显著差异。基于认知理论,对错因背后的设计表征进行了深入归纳与分析。结论将错因分析研究方法引入智能座舱界面的设计研究中,能够更加有效地分析驾驶员对界面信息的认知状态,以及其对驾乘体验的影响,为智能座舱的人机交互设计研究提供了参考依据。

大学生积极心理品质的评价指标体系构建与验证

目的:构建大学生积极心理品质的评价指标体系。方法:采用问卷调查法、访谈法,结合Nvivo对3000多名大学生进行质性分析。结果:大学生积极心理品质的评价指标体系由4个分量表构成,其分别为“道德”分量表内含“爱、诚信、公正、友善、包容、奉献”6个因子;“智慧”分量表内含“勤学、创新、明辨、谦虚、灵活、协同”6个因子;“意志”分量表内含“勇敢、坚定、毅力、自制、责任、谨慎”6个因子;“超越”分量表内含“有信仰、自信、感恩、希望、好品味、活力”6个因子。4个分量表及各因子的α信度系数均在0.8以上;总量表及各分量表χ^(2)/df小于3,RMSEA小于0.05,NFI、IFI、CFI、TLI均在0.9以上,表明4个分量表的模型拟合较好,具有较高的结构效度。结论:自编制的大学生积极心理品质的评价指标体系量表符合测量学标准,包括4个维度24种积极心理品质,131个题项,具有良好的信效度,可作为测量我国大学生积极心理品质的有效工具。

心理测查数据在辅导员学生管理工作中的应用研究——以《中国大学生心理健康测评系统》为例

在充分调研一线辅导员心理测查数据使用现状的基础上,基于《中国大学生心理健康测评系统》,运用案例阐释心理测查数据的有效性和真实性,进而提出心理测查数据在开展心理健康教育、引导大学生适应大学生活、优化选拔学生干部、建立心理健康档案等方面的拓展应用路径。

Large-scale model test study on the water pressure resistance of construction joints of karst tunnel linings

Model tests and numerical calculations were adopted based on the New Yuanliangshan tunnel project to investigate the water pressure resistance of lining construction joints in high-pressure and water-rich karst tunnels.A large-scale model test was designed and conducted,innovatively transforming the external water pressure of the lining construction joint into internal water pressure.The effects of the embedded position and waterstop type on the water pressure resistance of the construction joint were analyzed,and the reliability of the model test was verified via numerical calculations.The results show that using waterstops can significantly improve the water pressure resistance of lining construction joints.The water pressure resistance of the lining construction joint is positively correlated with the lining thickness and embedded depth of the waterstop.In addition,the type of waterstop significantly influences the water pressure resistance of lining construction joints.The test results show that the water pressure resistance of the embedded transverse reinforced waterstop is similar to that of the steel plate waterstop,and both have more advantages than the rubber waterstop.The water pressure resistance of the construction joint determined via numerical calculations is similar to the model test results,indicating that the model test results have high accuracy and reliability.This study provides a reference for similar projects and has wide applications.

从追踪学生的答题眼动轨迹积累内容效度证据——以高考语文试题为例

效度如何得到有效的评估是教育测量中的一个重要问题。为了有效评估中高考等高利害考试的试题效度,以语文学科为例,在学生作答往年试题过程中采用红外线眼动仪,追踪学生审读题目要求和作答的思维轨迹,为学生答题思维过程画像。眼动仪监测答题过程的一系列心理反应数据和后期学生访谈记录生成作答的心理反应样本。将这些数据样本与命题人所期待的测量目标进行对比后发现:有部分试题所希望测量的知识点、能力点与学生实际的心理反应偏差较大。建议依据被试面对不同刺激材料时的眼动轨迹和心理反应的有关数据,建立一个相对完善的试题效度检测系统,从而在试题设计上减少“噪声”;并在日常教学中以被评价者视角增强“评价对焦”。

TESTING DIFFERENT CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHODS FOR LARGE-SCALE UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION

In this paper we test different conjugate gradient (CG) methods for solving large-scale unconstrained optimization problems. The methods are divided in two groups: the first group includes five basic CG methods and the second five hybrid CG methods. A collection of medium-scale and large-scale test problems are drawn from a standard code of test problems, CUTE. The conjugate gradient methods are ranked according to the numerical results. Some remarks are given.

Field tests on mechanical characteristics and strength parameters of red-sandstone

Large-scale field shear tests on ten specimens of the red-sandstone embankment at a highway in Hunan,China,were performed to examine mechanical characteristics and parameters of red-sandstone.The curves of thrust-displacement,failure mode,and shear strength parameters for red-sandstone with different water contents,different compactions,and different grain size distributions were obtained from the tests.A practical procedure of in-situ test for red-sandstone embankment was proposed to normalize the test equipment and test steps.Based on three-dimensional thrust-sliding limit equilibrium method,the formulas for calculating strength parameters of red-sandstone considering three-dimensional sliding surface were inferred.The results show that red-sandstone has typical complete curves of stress-strain,strain softening,which are caused by the special structure of red-sandstone;water content and compaction are important factors for strength and failure mode of red-sandstone;The average value of cohesion and internal friction angle of the specimens calculated by three-dimensional technique are 21.56 kPa and 29.29°,respectively,and those by traditional two-dimensional method are 25.52 kPa and 33.76°,respectively.