Contribution of public places in proliferation of dengue vectors in Penang Island,Malaysia

Objective: To determine abundance, distribution and diversity of potential breeding container habitats of the dengue vectors in public places including schools, restaurants,mosques and parks in southwest areas of Penang Island, Malaysia.Methods: Premises at restaurants, schools, parks and mosques were surveyed simultaneously and inspected visually for container habitats and production of immature mosquitoes from March 2015 to March 2016. Abundance(mean ± SE) of breeding containers between sites was compared using One-way ANOVA. Independent sample ttest was used to compare total number of Aedes albopictus(Ae. albopictus) and Aedes aegypti(Ae. aegypti) surveyed.Results: The surveyed locations yielded a total of 3 741 breeding containers and 19 537 immature mosquitoes from four areas. Concurrent artificial and natural containers produced 78.4% immature Ae. albopictus and 6.3% Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in wet season,with 14.2% Ae. albopictus and 1.1% Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in dry season. Artificial containers accounted for 98.1% of the total containers recorded, with restaurants being the most productive locations(8 012) and schools being the least productive(2 234).Conclusions: It was concluded that public places are good sources of potential container habitats of Aedes mosquitoes in Penang Island, Malaysia and Ae. albopictus has exclusively replaced the home-grown Ae. aegypti even in urban areas. Therefore, treatment of artificial containers in such locations is critical in Aedes mosquito control campaigns during dengue outbreaks.

Studies on the Levels of Indoor PM10 and PM2.5 in Public Places in Chaoyang District, Beijing

[Objective]The research aimed to understand the levels of indoor air particles of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)in public places in Chaoyang District of Beijing City,which will provide scientific basis for making health standards and policies and regulations of indoor air particulate matter in public places.[Method]In order to characterize indoor air quality of public places,shopping mall near the walking street,shopping mall near arterial traffic,barbecue style restaurant and eat hutch unicom Chinese restaurant were selected for this study.LD-3Claser measuring dust detector and Sidepak AM-510 artificial intelligence anti-explosion dust detector were used to test the levels of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)in the air of the shopping malls and restaurants.The number of smoking customers and if smelling the smoke were recorded simultaneously.[Result]The average densities of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)in the shopping mall near the walking street were noticeably lower than that near arterial traffic(P< 0.05).The highest level of PM_(2.5)at the barbecue style restaurant and eating hutch unicom Chinese restaurants were 1 090and666g/m^3.The average levels of PM_(10) at the barbecue style restaurant and eating hutch unicom restaurants were 286 and 399g/m3(P<0.05).[Conclusion]The indoor PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)concentrations were high in public places,especially in shopping mall near arterial traffic and restaurant.It should be enhanced to supervise indoor air in public places and establish the risk rating of indoor air quality to protect public health.

Improving Conviviality in Public Places： The Case of Naples, Italy

Under the umbrella concept of conviviality in public spaces, a research project on the rehabilitation of urban areas for commercial and retail uses---as engine of a complex process of production of places for social and cultural mixit6--has been defined. The aim of this research has been to produce useful tools for coping with the abandonment of public spaces in former commercial urban areas, without generating anonymous and globalized commercial districts. Through involving local stakeholders in a participatory process, the first phase of the research here presented needs to demonstrate the possible effectiveness of a pilot action plan in dealing with both isolation and gentrification processes of historical centres. The main hypothesis is that traditional retailers should be considered an essential element to ensure effective public use of urban public spaces. The research methodology is based on a qualitative approach. Focussing on the process of impoverishment within local commercial districts, the research group started working with local stakeholders in order to identify priorities and criticisms for enhancing a regeneration process. The case study to be carried out in Naples is the historical market place of Piazza Mercato in the Citth Bassa of Naples （Italy）.

Urban Transformations and the Importance of Public Spaces and Urban Places

The aim of this essay is to understand the relationship between the media and the city. It is based on qualitative text analysis of theories and arguments from within urban sociology and media and communication. Two questions are posed：（1） what assumptions are the relationship characteristics between the media and the city based on？ and （2） what communicative changes in the relationship between the media and the city are historically noticeable？ The results are that： （1） the characteristics of the relationship between the media and the city are based on the assumption that the role of the media in society is closely intervened with the rise of the modern city and the urban society; and （2） four phases of communicative changes up until today are noticeable. First-hand experiences decreased and second-hand contact became more common, more shallow and rational due to the population sizes of the modern cities. The first-hand experiences continue to decrease but also the second-hand experiences. The latter is due to the increased importance of visual representations, and that the perceptions of the city became more important. As consequences people no longer always know from where their experiences steam. The implications of the characteristics of the relationship between the media and city are further discussed in terms of the importance of public spaces and public places.

"Angel's Love"Chinese Goddess Nuwa Culture——Large-scale Activities for Public Interests

Initiated by Chinese Red Cross Foundation and sponsored by American .General Business Association, Chinese Nuwa （a goddess-creator of the Chinese nation） Culture Large-scale Activities for Public Interests undertaken by Beijing Absolute Challenge International Advertising Co., Ltd. has recently commenced in an all-round way. A grand ceremony will be held at Nuwa Plaza in Shexian County, Hebei Province on Septemper 24, 2007.

Assessing Flexible Places for Adaptive Urban Design:A New Method and the Case of Cittaducale

Each place has its own peculiarities,determining that the resilience and adaptation to diverse types of risks will be different,requiring different time and methods for mitigation as well.The coexistence of several risks determines further resolution difficulties as commonly,since risks are sudden and unforeseen,there is a tendency to treat the last risk more carefully,neglecting the previous one even if it is just as important.Most of the methodologies used to analyse areas affected by different risks are aimed at focusing in particular on seismic risks without considering those relating to intangible aspects linked to the identity of the places or aspects related to urban health and liveability.And,more in general,in relation to design aspects,urban methodologies do not consider all the results of the analyses,maybe for the difficulty deriving from translating the complexity of collected data in project interventions.Starting from these premises,the objective of the article,elaborated within the SISMI and PRIN 2020 research projects is to propose an original methodology capable of analysing the places affected by multiple risks and planning its resilience attentive to its cultural resources and to its liveability.To this end,the proposed method will be aimed at creating flexible and adaptive places and the case-study of Cittaducale will be illustrated.Criticalities and qualities of this place affected by an earthquake in 2016 will be reported and project interventions to transform its risks into opportunities will be shown.

Police Emergency Commitment Powers in Cases of Persons Experiencing Mental Health Crisis in “Public Spaces”: Review of the Commitment Process in England and Wales, in Comparison to the Practice in the United States of America (USA)

Police emergency commitment powers for detention of persons in the community perceived to be seriously mentally ill for further specialist examination in a designated facility have always raised interest in medical and legal circles on both sides of the Atlantic. The objective of this article is to detail the police commitment procedure in England and Wales, as dictated by the mental health act of 1983 (MHA 1983) amended in 2007 (MHA 2007);and compare this with similar legal provisions as prevails under current state mental health statutes in the United States of America (USA). The comparative review of the commitment processes in England and Wales to that of the USA reveals that the process in England and Wales seeks to primarily ensure that persons with mental disorder (PWMD) in crisis are directed to a specialist hospital for evaluation and appropriate specialist care. In the USA such persons in a good number of cases may end up in the criminal justice system due to application of the “dangerousness” standard. Additionally whereas in England and Wales the commitment law is uniform in law and application, the federal system in the USA is such that the commitment law may have minor variations depending on the individual states. The minor variation in state commitment laws may engender a situation where the commitment law in England and Wales may seem relatively equitable and just towards PWMD in crisis, compared to the state commitment laws in the USA.

地方智慧旅游公共服务平台持续使用意愿研究

地方智慧旅游公共服务平台的建设和运营已经成为各地全域旅游建设与发展的重要组成部分,但是平台的持续使用一直是学术和行业界讨论的重点。文章以“游云南”平台为案例,基于刺激-机体-反应理论框架,运用混合研究方法对地方智慧旅游公共服务平台的持续使用意愿进行研究,并提出“因素-感知-使用”地方智慧旅游公共服务平台持续使用意愿综合分析模型,得到如下研究结果。1)在地感知、地方依恋均能够显著提高游客对地方智慧旅游公共服务平台的感知信任和情感依恋,进而提高满意度。其中,平台情感依恋在提高平台持续使用意愿方面具有显著正向作用。具体而言,在地感知会通过信息拓展、形象匹配之机制,地方依恋会通过情感外溢、期待满足之机制促进平台情感依恋和信任的产生,并最终提高持续使用意愿。2)功能集群、享乐体验均能够显著提高游客对地方智慧旅游公共服务平台的感知有用性、感知易用性和感知信任,进而提高游客使用满意度,最终提高持续使用意愿。功能集群通过“信息全面、减少成本”之机制,享乐体验通过“逃离惯常、精美设计”之机制影响游客对平台的积极感知。

2018—2021年沈阳市公共场所微生物监测结果分析

目的分析2018—2021年沈阳市公共场所影响公众健康的微生物监测结果。方法按照《公共场所卫生检验方法》(GB/T 18204.3~5-2013),2018—2021年分别对沈阳市美容店、宾馆、沐浴场所、理发店、游泳馆、健身馆、候车室、超市共8类公共场所进行微生物监测,检测项目为细菌总数、真菌总数、大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜肺军团菌、耐热大肠菌群。依照《公共场所卫生指标及限值要求》(GB 37488-2019)等进行结果判断。结果2018—2021年共监测沈阳市8类公共场所196家,微生物样品7856份,总体合格率为95.93%。其中,室内空气细菌总数和真菌总数合格率分别为89.87%和93.30%。公共卫生用品菌落总数、真菌总数、大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄菌合格率分别为92.26%、90.00%、96.47%和98.65%。公共用水中,宾馆空调冷却塔冷却水嗜肺军团菌、游泳池水和浴池水合格率分别为100%、90.28%和83.33%。结论2018—2021年沈阳市公共场所中超市购物车合格率低,属于公共卫生的薄弱环节,建议应加大监督力度,保障购物安全。

公共场所行人异常行为识别方法综述

为明确公共场所行人异常行为识别理论与技术研究进展,首先,借助中国知网(CNKI)和Web版引文数据库(WOS),给出公共场所行人异常行为广义定义与泛在特征,将常见异常行为划分为危害行为、不合群行为和违规行为3类;其次,从数据和技术基础视域,将现有异常行为识别方法划分为人工设计法、人体骨架法、红绿蓝(RGB)图像法和可穿戴传感器法4类;然后,梳理国内外主流人群异常行为数据集,分析相关算法在数据集上的性能表现;最后,从可用数据集和数据融合检测等方面总结现有研究方法局限性,给出未来研究方向与优化建议。研究结果表明:4类异常行为识别方法各有其优缺点;异常行为识别领域缺乏行为种类丰富、定义清晰、高质量的人群异常行为数据集;未来研究应聚焦稳健性强、准确率高的异常行为识别方法、模型及算法;探索多维数据融合互补检测方法,提升异常行为识别理论成果的应用场景的自洽性和自适应性,提高公共场所人群安全治理水平。

日常的温暖:“为人”的公共空间

后疫情时代背景下,我国城市建设中尤其需要重视“以人为本”的规划设计,实现环境品质的精细化提升。文章针对快速建设中城市公共空间的规划设计重宏大叙事、轻日常使用的现象,通过问题和症结解析,强调公共空间营造需顺应时代发展下的新需求新动向,突出“为人”的初心,成就“日常温暖”的公共场所,并提出了“径、空、用、场”四项关键原则,即“步行力可及、空间好体验、日常多功用、场所有归属”。

网络型寻衅滋事罪司法认定的现实考察与问题省思

对近年来百余件真实案例的分析表明,网络型寻衅滋事罪的司法认定在司法实践中存在“虚假信息”认定模糊、主观要件认定缺位以及结果要件认定迥异等恣意入罪的问题。为贯彻刑法谦抑和保障人权的理念,有必要对本罪客观要素“虚假信息”之意涵进行法教义学限缩,对本罪主观要素“确实知道”应当根据行为人的实施次数、是否获利以及身份经验等进行综合认定,对本罪结果要件“造成公共秩序严重混乱”应在区分网络场域的前提下进行危害性有无的实质认定,从而避免该罪适用的“口袋化”,实现该罪适用的有理有据有度。

儒家庶人伦理视角下代言人地缘关系对区域品牌公益代言效果的影响

立足于儒家“仁、义、礼”的庶人伦理思想,通过3个情境实验,探析了代言人-区域品牌地缘关系对区域品牌名人公益代言效果的影响。研究结果表明,代言人地缘关系的交往性维度是影响行为意向的决定因素,而先赋性维度仅仅在交往低时才发挥作用;在代言人地缘关系对行为意向的影响中,情义感知起到了中介作用;当信息焦点为名人时,代言人地缘关系的高交往性更有助于提升公益代言效果。

2023年江苏省疾控机构公共场所卫生监测能力现状调查

目的了解2023年江苏省各级疾控机构公共场所卫生监测能力现状,分析存在的问题及其原因。方法于2023年6月,采用普查的方式,问卷调查江苏省所有市级和县级疾控机构公共场所卫生监测能力(人员配置、指标检测能力及其计量认证通过率)现状,并对不同级别、不同地区疾控机构进行比较分析。结果调查覆盖江苏省全省13个设区市,95个县(市、区)。共回收疾病预防控制机构调查问卷111份,其中市级13份,县级98份;调查内容涵盖人员队伍状况和实验室检测能力5大类31项检测指标。在人员配置方面,市级疾控机构环境卫生岗位设置以专职为主,县级以兼职为主。31项检测指标中,以市级为单位,13家市级总指标计量认证通过率为86.1%(347/403),以县级为单位,98家县级总指标计量认证通过率为51.2%(1555/3038);在计量认证通过率方面,市级疾控机构高于县级。在具备检测能力且通过计量认证指标监测能力方面,室内空气PM2.5等8项;公共用品用具pH值等2项;游泳池水、浸脚池水及沐浴水浊度等5项指标监测能力在不同级别疾控机构之间存在差异(χ2为3.87~42.05,P<0.05)。不同地区疾控机构在31项检测指标中,室内空气类氨和集中空调通风系统冷却水及沐浴水类嗜肺军团菌在不同地区疾控机构之间存在差异(χ^(2)分别为8.81和6.39,P<0.05)。监测能力整体评估显示,市级疾控机构公共场所卫生监测能力普遍高于县级,且苏中地区监测能力超过苏南和苏北地区。结论按监测能力综合评估,江苏省县级疾控机构公共场所监测能力总体较低,不同级别疾控机构中市级在人员配置及卫生监测能力上均高于县级,不同地区疾控机构在人员配置及卫生监测能力上存在地区差异,苏北地区以年轻人为主,苏中地区监测能力超过苏南和苏北地区。

2021年西宁市宾馆、理发店空气中化学污染物状况及健康风险评估

目的了解西宁市宾馆、理发店空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氨及甲醛等化学污染物的污染状况及健康风险特征,识别可能存在有害物质,为西宁市公共场所卫生状况的改善与管理提供依据。方法2021年对西宁市18家宾馆、9家理发店空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氨及甲醛进行监测,采用健康风险评价方法评价宾馆、理发店空气中化学污染物对从业人员的非致癌和致癌风险。结果2021年西宁市宾馆、理发店空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氨均未超标,慢性非致癌效应的危害系数(hazard quo-tient,HQ)均低于1。甲醛致癌风险值高于1×10^(-4),苯的致癌风险值略高于1×10^(-6)。结论西宁市宾馆、理发店空气中氨、苯、甲苯和二甲苯暴露量未超过不良反应阈值,非致癌风险较低;甲醛、苯对人群具有潜在的致癌风险。

地方依恋理论下澳门复合型街市公共空间影响因素研究

中国澳门人称传统市场为“街市”,但随着经济社会发展与现代化进程的加快,传统街市空间的扩建、更新与优化,造成澳门城市的传统生活样貌逐渐淡化。本研究选取中国澳门五处复合型街市公共空间作为研究对象,采用语义差分法、因子分析法及回归分析法,探究影响人们对街市公共空间地方依恋感知的要素。研究过程中得到了空间依恋要素、空间功能要素、社会互动要素和空间环境要素四个方面的14个指标,并筛选出影响澳门街市公共空间地方依恋的关键因素。基于此,进一步提出复合型街市公共空间的管理和优化策略,为构建更加富有人文关怀的街市空间设计提供科学的方法与理论指导,有助于后续保护、更新与活化之依据。

基于人口自由迁移流动的基本公共服务均等化研究

基本公共服务均等化是实现全民共同富裕的前提,也是中国式现代化的基础目标之一。人口的自由迁徙不仅是中国式现代化中人全面发展的显著标志,也是实现中国式现代化基本公共服务均等化以及共同富裕的重要途径。基本公共服务与人口迁移流动的空间差异都具有阶层性特征。基本公共服务的空间差异主要表现为不同等级地域基本公共服务的区域性和阶层性差异。人口迁移流动对推动不同等级地域基本公共服务均等化具有直接和间接的双重作用。推动不同等级地域基本公共服务均等化,不仅要加快城市化进程,更要提高农村基本公共服务水平。要推进城乡融合发展,优化市场体制机制,畅通人口迁移流动渠道,促进人口自由迁移流动,使人口迁移流动在推动基本公共服务均等化过程中发挥更大作用。

重构的场所与集体意向——奥洛特卡索旧宅废墟的遗产场地干预及其适应性策略解析

场所精神是与特定场地有着根本性联系的空间品质,人们可以透过场所来认识、挖掘,再阐释地方具体的意义。然而在历史建成环境更新中,适应性再利用在重塑场所精神潜能方面缺乏深入研究。文章在回顾场所精神概念及其在建筑学、遗产保护等领域研究的基础上,首先从理论层面讨论场所精神与适应性再利用的关系;接着以西班牙奥洛特古城卡索旧宅的废墟更新为例,通过对其复合立面、材料语言、场所结构的分析,归纳适应性再利用策略分别在文脉性、过程性和见证性3个维度上对场所精神的重塑;最后指出建筑师对适应性再利用的创新性实践,不仅巧妙地回应了现实的、场地的时空特质,并透过融合日常生活的文化基因,重新定义教堂的纪念性存在,为当代历史建成环境中的遗产场地干预提供新思路。

上海市基层爱国卫生服务现状调查研究

目的:系统描述上海市基层爱国卫生服务现况,为改善上海市基层爱国卫生服务提出针对性建议。方法:采用随机整群抽样法,从上海市中心城区(A区和B区)和非中心城区(C区和D区)各抽取5个街道开展问卷调查。结果:纳入分析5038人,郊区居民感知的“四害”(苍蝇、蚊子、老鼠、蟑螂)防治效果、相关卫生行为状况、场所卫生状况郊区均较城区差,郊区居民对近一年基层开展的爱国卫生相关服务表示满意的比例也低于城区;建成时间在10年以内的小区居民对相关卫生行为状况中随地吐痰现象、场所(周边环境、菜场或超市环境、背街小巷、工地附近、小区垃圾处置点、小饭店、小熟食店、小理发店等)卫生状况、近一年社区开展的爱国卫生相关服务表示满意的比例最低;小区建成时间在11~20年的居民反映“四害”防治效果、部分相关卫生行为状况(吸烟、乱扔垃圾、随地大小便、宠物粪便现象)比例最低;居民获取健康知识的渠道排序由高到低分别为新媒体、传统媒体、社区健康宣教栏、电子屏、社区健康教育咨询点或智慧小屋、亲友。结论:加强基层爱国卫生人才队伍建设,高效推进基层爱国卫生服务;完善爱国卫生法律法规,丰富健康教育活动,规范居民相关卫生行为;利用多种媒体深入宣传基层爱国卫生运动,提升居民对基层爱国卫生服务的满意度。

开放性公共场所人员疏散行为倾向分析

开放性公共场所人群聚集风险突出,常规的疏散措施不能有效缓解场所内外的人群聚集风险态势,需要掌握突发情况人员疏散行为特征。选择深圳东门步行街为研究区,开展人员疏散行为问卷调查,根据人群聚集状态拟定人员疏导服从性、聚集拥堵应对和应急疏散响应3类疏散行为倾向场景,并采用SPSS 25.0卡方检验分析性别、年龄段、群组等基本特征与人员疏散行为倾向之间的相关性。研究结果表明:步行街存在老幼群体、携带包裹、环境熟悉度低等影响疏散效率的因素;小部分人在面对疏导、遭遇聚集拥堵情形后可能采取继续停留拍照、长时间等候、围观等聚集行为,以及在被疏散至安全地带后围观甚至返回,这些行为可能导致场所内部聚集得不到有效缓解,并在外围形成新的人群聚集风险点;“男性、大群组、短期游客”三类群体的疏散行为表现不佳,聚集围观、停留以及返回的比例更高,尤其是同行人数4人及以上的大群组更可能采取往前挤这种危害行为。